It has been considered that The proletarion Literature of Japan began with 「the man who sow the seed」 in 1920, and before that time in its pre-history. In this kind of view, the one which ibentify the proletarian Literature with the Mandan Literature couceals itself implicitly, and it leads underes-timating the significance of Anarchism thought in Taisho era ( 〜1925). The theory on popular arts was considered as being situated in the pre-history, up to this time, and also considered as only an introduction of Romain Rolan's popular plays movement that had not so much effect on the arts of Japan. Such views come from not being able to fix suitable position the theory on popular arts in the history of Anarchism thought of this country. The author intend to reject the one-sided view or underestimating for that theory and to re-posit it in the history of Thought, Literature in Taisho era This treatise was written centering with the theory on popular arts of Sakae Osugi, and tried to prove it to be not only an introduction of Rolain's, but derivation from his own thought, anarchism. In addition, relating about theory of Kazuo Kato, the author coutend it to be a mental movement with Taisho era's democratic thoughts for a background appart from the one of S. Osugi. As for real works, it's a worker's Literature tast based on the the theory on popular arts. In this treatise the author relates about the novel of Kanson Arahata, and emphasizes that this novel ought to be posited in Anarco Syndicalism beyond the category of worker's Literature, and also was concerned in 「modern thought」 (magagene) spreading out as an ideological movement since "the case againt the Emperor".
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