Japanese Literature

[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages Cover1-
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_Cover1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages Cover2-
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_Cover2

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Prose as Ethic : The Role of Hirotsu Kazuo in th e Mid-1930's(<Special Issue>The Literature of the Mid-1930's)

Yasuyoshi Sekiguchi

Article type: Article
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages 1-13
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_1

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The aesthetics of prose developed by Hirotsu Kazuo in the mid-1920's was to receive new attention in the mid-1930's when, recast as an ethics of prose, it was perceived as a potential bulwark against the tide of fascism. Those who led in this movement were the writers Takeda Rintaro and Takami Jun of the periodical People's Library. Amidst the collapse of the proletarian literature movement in the mid-30's and subsequent reaction, Takami and Takeda persisted in their efforts to create a literature confronting reality, When they founded the People's Library, they made the ethics of prose its guidiug principle. The young writers of the People's Library, stimulated by Hirotsu, were to bring the spirit of prose ethic to a rich flowering. This essay will demonstrate the achievements of Hirotsu in the mid-30's, focusing on his ethics of prose.

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Nakano Shigeharu and Shimaki Kensaku : From a Meeting in Politics to a Reunion in Literature(<Special Issue>The Literature of the Mid-1930's)

Haruo Takahashi

Article type: Article
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages 14-21
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_14

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Nakano Shigeharu and Shimaki Kensaku, born but a year apart (in 1903 and 1904 respectively), were to share in many of the events of their age. Participating as students in the left-wing movements of the late Taisho Period, they underwent the repression that set in during the early Showa. Both were arrested, imprisoned, and subsequently "converted" and released, whereupon they began anew as converted writers. Although pulltics provided the occasion for their acquaintance, a divergence was to emerge between Nakano, who maintained a unity between pulitics and literature, and Shimaki who, separating the two, devoted himself to pulitics. When the two were reunited in the mid-30's, they were to find the gap between them surprisingly narrow.

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A Study of the Mokichi Notes : Mitsuda Ikuo's "Shigeharu's Mokichi Notes"(<Special Issue>The Literature of the Mid-1930's)

Toshiaki Yoneda

Article type: Article
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages 22-37
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_22

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Mitsuda Ikuo, in his essay "Shigeharu's Mokichi Notes"(Bungaku, January, 1980-June, 1981), focuses on the evolution of Nakano Shigeharu's study of Saito Mokichi's Notes and asseses it from a positivist standpoint. Mitsuda holds that the core of the Notes is constituted by the shasei(sketch)theory and beyond that, by the theory of the development of individuality. However, if we hold that both Mokichi and Shigeharu represent a literature of the individual, their differences are obliterated, and Shigeharu's identity as a communist is completely lost. Shigeharu's critique of the legacy of modern Japanese literature, including Mokichi's work, had as its purpose the building of a resilient modern proletariat. Why, then, did he single out Mokichi? Probably because Shigeharu followed the suggestion of his teacher, Akutagawa Ryunosuke. The mid-30's was a period of reappraisal for "things Japanese." Shigeharu regarded "things Japanese" as constituting a school, best represented by the mutual criticism of teacher and disciple as they pursued their creative endeavors. Shigeharu saw this ideal exemplmed in the theoretical conflicts between Mokichi and his teacher Ito Sachio The Notes neglect to recount the history of Mokichi's poetry and their methodological structure, the structure whereby the realistic and the nonrealistic are conjoined in one poem.

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Miki Kiyoshi and Tosaka Jun : One Aspect of the Mid-1930's(<Special Issue>The Literature of the Mid-1930's)

Hisayoshi Amo

Article type: Article
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages 38-47
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_38

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What was the role played by the two philosophers Miki Kiyoshi and Tosaka Jun in the mid-1930's, a period marked by the decline of Marxism and the rise of fascism? The two tried in their own ways to find a breach in the walls closing in on them. Miki incorporated the disease of the times in his own system and struggled to develop an immunity. Tosaka analyzed the nature and source of the infecting organism and came up with a diagnosis but falled to produce a remedy. The two represent two types within the struggle played out in the literature of the mid-30's.

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A Note on Hakubyo : Ishikawa Jun in the Mid-1930's(<Special Issue>The Literature of the Mid-1930's)

Fumio Shiozaki

Article type: Article
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages 48-57
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_48

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In Hakubyo(Brush Sketch) the word morality at once constitutes an event which the characters necessarily confront and serves as a tool holding together the mechanism of the novel. The unification of plot and method: this is what Ishikawa Jun, stimulated by the example of Gide, achieved in Hakubyo. This essay probes the origins of the word morality in Ishikawa's career and studies its functioning in Hakubyo itself. It further attempts to situate the signincance of such a metod in the literature of the mid-1930's.

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Freedom and System : Dazai Osamu's Nijusseiki Kishu and HUMAN LOST(<Special Issue>The Literature of the Mid-1930's)

Yoshikazu Urata

Article type: Article
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages 58-68
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_58

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To date, these two works have generally been studied in relation to their author's life. By analyzing the works themselves, this essay attempts to examine the structure of Dazai's writings and their relation to the age. In Nijusseiki Kishu(Standard-Bearer of the Twentieth Century), the tale, obsessed with its own method, is never establlshed; by adopting the form of the pure novel which expresses nothing, it is able to achieve freedom. HUMAN LOST, on the other hand, recounts salvation from despair by Christ within the framework of a time with a beginning and an end ; it is, moreover, incorporated within a system advocating neighborly love.

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Abe Tomoji and Ito Hitoshi(<Special Issue>The Literature of the Mid-1930's)

Masayuki Hayakawa

Article type: Article
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages 69-78
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_69

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Proclaiming An Intellectual Theory of Literature and A New Psychological Literature, Abe Tomoji and Ito Hitoshi attempted to overcome rationally the literature produced by modern Japanese realism and Marxism. During the mid-30's, when "conversions" prollferated against a background of mounting fascism, the two freed themselves form the spell of their theories and made a dimcult passage through their own interior landscapes. Their efforts bore fruit in such works as Fuyu no Yado(The Winter Inn) and Yuki no Machi, Mura(Town of Ghosts, Village of Ghosts). This essay will trace the shifting relationship between the two writers' theory and practice and analyze the process whereby modernism took root in Japan. By doing so it attempts to distinguish their characteristic features within the so-called literary renaissance of that period.

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Miyamoto Yuriko in the Mid-1930's Spring in 1932: To Kokkoku(<Special Issue>The Literature of the Mid-1930's)

Tsutomu Nishigaki

Article type: Article
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages 79-89
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_79

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With the rapid turn toward fascism by the government, invasion of China, and repression of intellectual circles, a succession of writers not only "converted" but went on to cooperate with the war effort. Miyamoto Yuriko's steadfast refusal to convert and her unyielding resistance to government policy were to serve as a collective conscience to the writers of the mid-30's. This essay will study in detail the development of her writings from 1930 on and indicate their ideological and literary significance.

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Issues of the 1930's : With an Emphasis on Kamei Katsuichiro and the Nihon Roman School(<Special Issue>The Literature of the Mid-1930's)

Toshihiko Izu

Article type: Article
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages 90-108
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_90

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The greatest issue of this period is the impetus on literature exerted by the authority of the state, and the conversions that took place in response. The weaknesses of proletarian literature were exposed, and new appraisal of the self was required. The relation between politics and literature had to be studied within a new context. Focusing on Kamei Katsuichiro, this essay studies the issues raised by the Nihon Roman School, taken as an example of the activities of young literati in this turbulent age.

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages 109-
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_109_1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages 109-
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_109_2

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Warping Our Schools(Meridian Column)

Keiji Yamagiwa

Article type: Article
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages 110-111
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_110

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Murasaki Shikibu : World of Poetry, World of Fiction(A Reading)

Takao Kubota

Article type: Article
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages 112-116
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_112

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Koizumi Koichiro, Mori Ogai: Documentation and Appraisal

Kuninori Yamazaki

Article type: Article
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages 117-119
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_117

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Sano Naritaka, Composition Teaching: How to Write to Find Out How to Live

Yoshiaki Kanno

Article type: Article
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages 119-121
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_119

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Bibliography
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages Misc1-
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_Misc1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages App1-
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_App1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages App2-
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_App2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages App3-
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_App3

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages App4-
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_App4

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages App5-
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_App5

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
1981 Volume 30 Issue 12 Pages Cover3-
Published: December 10, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2017

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20620/nihonbungaku.30.12_Cover3

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