Although it has been often pointed out that the series of “kōdan” tales by Kyokutei-Bakin were written in a jōruri dramatic style, little has been said about their narrative aspect. Certainly in those tales scapegoats appear according to the dramatic conventions, but they play a more important role as a sort of deus ex machina that miraculously solves narrative dilemmas toward a happy ending. Especially the function of a scapegoat in Tokonatsu-sōshi marks a change of style that puts more stress on narrative devices than dramatic ones.
In the second year of the Tenpō Period Kyokutei-Bakin wrote a review on Suiko-kōden, a novel written in vernacular Chinese. This is “Suiko-kōden-kokuji-hyō-hankan-sōdan.” Although it has been seldom given an appropriate attention, the critical essay with a long title marks a turning point in the author's career. Indeed, Kaikan-kyōki-kyōkaku-den, an unfinished work he started immediately after the essay, was not only modeled on Suiko-kōden but also constructed on his critical view of it.
Haiyū-hyōban-ki was the most popular guidebook for the actors' rankings on box office in the Meiji Period. It was published by the sixty-two theatrical organizations in Tokyo, but Kiyoshi Ogita points out that there were at least two kinds of such rating books also in Kamigata or the present-day Kansai region. They were almost simultaneously published yet quite different in form and content from each other. The aim of this article is to outline the publishing history of these obscure guidebooks and examine the influence of the Tokyo edition on them.