In Eiga-monogatari, the epic about the life of Fujiwara-no-Michinaga and his family, the dresses and ornaments of court ladies are described in detail because of their symbolic function to display his social power. Their conspicuous excess, however, also points to a gap between the actual administration and an ideal form of government the ruler seeks after. Thus the story subtly depicts Michinaga’s political aspiration through the double implication of its sartorial representation.
Chūshin-suiko-den by Santō-Kyōden, as the title shows, is a pastiche of the three major works, that is, Chūshin-gra, Taihei-ki, and Suiko-den. So naturally most of the characters are modelled after those in the sourcebooks. In this sense the inclusion of Yoshida-Kenkō in the story seems to be rather out of place. Probably this apparently awkward casting is due to the writer-monk's biographical image, a virtuous man of letters. In other words, with this image in mind the author assigned Kenkō to assume the role of a reliable narrator who can exquisitely facilitate the development of narrative events from his omniscient viewpoint.
In the early Taishō Period there were a lot of discourses over the definition of what a “good schoolmistress” should be. Interestingly enough, a lot of stories about female teachers in rural areas were published in the educational magazines of the same period. Such geographical marginalization of women in those literary discourses ideologically worked to maintain and strengthen the male-centered educational system in opposition to the women's social advancement of the democratic age.
Keita Genji is generally thought to be a writer whose stories about white-collar workers directly reflect the new regime after the end of the war. Certainly his well-known novel Santō-jūyaku conveys the liberating and optimistic atmosphere of postwar Japan, but there are some works in which the author explores the dark side of the transitional period. This article will examine the two aspects of his white-collar novels to show how “postwar optimism” came to be socially formed and represented in popular fiction.