Nowadays, the problems of pollution and destruction of nature, caused as a result of the extensive development in tourism, have become very severe. The aim of this paper is to clarify that there was a conflict of interest between tourism and the nature conservation of the early National Park ideas in the Meiji Era. Two petitions were presented to The 27th Imperial Parliament in 1911; one of which was to make Nikko area a National Park; another was to make Fujisan and its surrounding area as a National Park. Although the Meiji Government refused to establish the National Parks, they understood the aim of such proposals, and confined in themselves to carrying out researches into the National Parks in the near future. The arguments for the National Parks did not clearly justify the ideas of the National Parks for the purpose of preserving nature, but there was already an artless objection to the tourism development and an opinion of nature conservation relating to the National Parks. Therefore it seems that the ideas of National Parks in Japan had a weak point from the very beginning.

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Since the “Liberalization of travel abroad” came into Japan, there have been many travellers who have met with accidents such as sickness, injury and accidental death; some have suffered from robberies. The number of such accidents has been growing because of the increasing number of people enjoying travel abroad. In this essay, I try to consider the effect of the above according to the report “Statistics of support of Japanese in foreign countries” by MOFA (The Ministry of Foreign Affairs). This essay, consequently, examines and considers the following issues: ① How much is covered by the “Special compensation scheme” of travel agencies. ② The “Accident Insurance for travelling abroad” with regard to supplementary “Credit card”. ③ The voluntary coverage by insurance companies for “Accident Insurance” while travelling abroad. as well as the rescue system in case of accidents. Furthermore, this essay proposes to device “IC cards which have multiple functions” in order to improve security for travellers abroad among the industries involved (ie. travel agencies, credit card companies and Insurance companies). Consequently, I try to show how the industries whose business is connected with each other can improve their relationships. I also try to raise travellers, awareness of “Crisis Management” and protection of themselves and their property.

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In the United States, the “deregulation of aviation” was carried out in 1978, and the “regional airline network” has been largely expanded since then. However, at the same time, it was anticipated that “essential air service” (EAS) with small demand should disappear, and the “EAS program” by federal government was introduced, and the essential air service was maintained. While in Japan, the “final deregulation of aviation” was carried out in February 2000, 22 years behind USA. The deregulation was realized under the circumstance where infrastructure is still poor in Japan, if compared with USA. I studied deeply into the details of “EAS program” in the “regional airline” in USA, and I tried to make a proposal to the current “regional airlines” in Japan after the deregulation. In Japan, the federal subsidy to the regional airline between island cities was introduced in 1999, and I consider the same federal subsidy should also be introduced to the regional airlines between town cities with small demand.

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Recently, the developing countries are getting to understand that the tourism development would have a variety of instant economic effects and also give a high contribution to the development. As a result, the request of the tourism cooperation to Japan has been increasing from the most developing countries; the Middle East countries, expecting to get foreign exchange money as a substitute of oil revenue, and Latin American countries, suffering from the repayment of foreign external debts, as well as the conventional Asian countries. They are confronted with the difficulties such as lack of foreign exchange, unemployment problem and fiscal deficit, those of which become the bottleneck of the economic development. The tourism development will play an important role of solving them. However, the tourism development in disorder and mass-tourism development are those of the past method, and nowadays, they are substituted for “sustainable tourism development” respecting environment conservation. On the other hand, the tourism development extended by ODA of Japan has been changing from the “Single Type” to the “Complex Type (Regional Development)”, aiming at the sustainable tourism development, which should be realized by the developing countries, themselves. But, since they have a limited capacity of resources to do it, the necessity of the tourism cooperation would increase, including the “Human Resources Development” programs.

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The purpose of this study is to observe the spa resorts development process under the tourism and economic policy, and spa resort development circumstance in Korea, as well as analyze characteristics of development period with hot spring law and point out the problems of spa resort development. This study also attempt to find out the characteristics of self-government participation to regional hot spring development, natural and usage characteristics of hot springs. In order to better understand the development process, the author classifies the development processes into 6 periods in this study. As a result, we can find out and conclude in the indiscreet spa resort development in the recent years. Thus, it is important to understand the problems of spa resort development such as large scale development, change of hot spring law, and management of hot spring resources etc. in Korea.

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[in Japanese]

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In the tourist destinations of Okayama prefecture, the effect of constructing express-transportation shows on the area along the railway or the expressway by increasing number of tourists in the year or the next year, but in other area, there are no effect of that. If anything, there are cases of decreasing. In connection with this, I point out next three problems and suggest the answers: (1)　The effect is only the year or the next year every time. (2)　The cooperation among the tourist destinations is not enough. (3)　The tourist statistics need to advance.

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After the ‘hand over’, Hong Kong faced a sudden decrease in the number of tourist arrivals. This was obviously due to the recoil of the ‘rush for hand over event’, but it was also due to the economic crisis in Asia. However, since the second quarter of 1999, the situation in Hong Kong has begun to improve. As it has also been announced that Asia’s second Disney Land will be opened in the year of 2005, this should help ensure that Hong Kong will remain one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. Considering today's Hong Kong as a ‘world famous tourist destination’ the effort of the HKTA (Hong Kong Tourist Association) cannot be ignored. This paper examines the marketing strategies of tourism by the HKTA, with particular focus on the changes which took place around the ‘hand over’ period, and problems.

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