Activated carbon was prepared from poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) by thermal decomposition in air at a heating rate of 1 C/min or less in the range from room temperature to 360 C (Fig.1). It was followed by steam activation mixing with carrier nitrogen gas(0.52g/hr/g feed)at 800-l000 C (Fig.2).
Infra-red spectra, methylene blue (MB) decolorizing power observed by JIS-K-1470 (Testing Methcd for Powdeted Actiijated Carbon), specific surface area and pore size distribution were measured for each activated PVC carbon.
Infra-red spectra of activated PVC carbons were similar to those of commercial ones as shown in Fig.4.
The maximum value of MB decolorizing power, specific surface area and cumulative pore volume were 180 ml/g, 1310m2/g and O.64 cm3/g, respectively(Table 1, Fig.5).

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Adsorption isotherms of pure CH4, C2H4, C3H6, C3H6, and CO2 in the range of.80 760 mmHg and adsorption equilibria at atmospheric pressure of various binary gas mixtures, such as CH4-C2H4, CH4-C3H6, CH4-C3H8, C2H4-C3H6, C2H4-C3H8, CO2-C2H4, CO2-C3H6, and CO2-C3H8were measured at O, 25, and 50 C.
All of adsorption isotherms of pure gases were well explained by, the potential theory. It was also attempted to correlate the data of the mixed adsorption equilibria with the Polanyitype mixed adsorption equations. Adsorption equilibria of various hydrocarbon mixtures were explained by an empirical equation for ideal mixed adsorption based on the potential theory. In the case of hydrocarbon-carbon dioxide mixtures, an empirical equation with a correction term for non-ideality was used to correlate the data.
By using empirical equations based on the potential theory, the mixed adsorption equilibria of hydrocarbon gas mixtures and of hydrocarbon-carbon dioxide gas mixtures can be calculated from the adsorption isotherms of pure gases and one observed value for the mixed adsorption equilibrium.

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Using catalyst systems, TiC13-A1Et3 and TiC13-AIEt2Cl, polymerizations of ethylene were carried out in gas phase. The effects of hydrogen on the polymerization rate and on the average molecular weight of produced polymers have been investigated in connection with the kinetic behaviors of polymerization. The kinetic behaviors of polymerization are similar to those of the propylene polymerizations with the same catalyst systems. The effects of hydrogen on the rate of polymerization with these catalysts were different; a small but clear enhancement of the rate in the region of small amounts of hydrogen added was observed in the case with TiCl3-AIEt2Cl, while a monotonic depression of the rate with increasing amount of hydrogen added was observed with TiC13-AIEt3. The stationary polymerization rate in the latter case is expressed by,
R0
RH=------
1+ PnH2
and the average molecular weight is expressed by
MOV
MHV=------
1+ PmH2
with a=a6exp(-11 kca1/RT), b=b0exp(-5kcal/RT), n=O.6 and m=0.6. In these equations, superscripts H and O designate the values in the presence and absence of hydrogen, respectively. The latter expression can be also applied to the polymerization with TiCl3-AIEt2Cl, providing that m=O.5.
The above results have been understood on the basis of supposition that dissociative hydrogen atoms on the catalyst surface are participating in the transfer of growing chains.

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The influence of the treatment of proton exchanged Y-zeolite (HY) with hydrogen was studied in order to characterize the active sites in zeolite for the vapor phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Effects of the percentage of sodium ion replaced by H, addition of pyridine or water, and calcination temperature were also investigated in connection with the oxidation activity.
The oxidation activity (yield of benzaldehyde yield of benzoic acid) of HY was decreased to about two-third by treatment with hydregen for 15 hrs at 500 C.
Marked increases in yields of benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, benzyl ether and toluene were found at 40 60% ion-exchange by H. By addition of pyridine, the yields of these products were decreased. Addition of water resulted in increase of yield of benzyl ether and decrease, in the oxidation activity. Yield of benxaldehyde was increased by calcination at temperatures ranging between 500eC and 550 C, while yield of benzyl ether was decreased by the calcination about 450 C.

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When 1, 3, 3-trimethylindo1inbenzopyrylspiran and its derivatives(A) in poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC)matrix was bombarded by an electron beam of medium energy(15kV), a stable yellow co1ored product(X)was formed. In contrast with the other matrices, X was the only product which showed no reversibility. Moreover, it was entirely different from the photoproduct(B)and thought to be formed by the reaction, between A and free chlorine compounds which were liberated from PVC due to bombardment. The reaction process of X followed a pseudofirst-order kinetics.
By exposure to ultraviolet ray and electron. beam successively, the formation of X was accelerated. At the begginng, B, which was formed by the irradiation was quickly decayed and at the same time X was rapidly formed by the bombardment. The maximum rate constant of the formation of X in this process was about 200 times as large as that of usual bombardment. In the other matrices, the same type of product as B were formed by the bombardment. But in PVC, it would change so rapidly that we could not fond it.
These phenomena suggested that X was connected with the product A having the open ring, in analogy with B. By the bombardment, various ch1orine compounds were formed which were believed to be ch1orine radicals or hydrogen chlorides, 1iberated from PVC. So X might be a reaction product between A and these liberated species.
As thekinetics of the formation of X was of first-order, this reaction would be a pseudoprocess due to excess chlorine compounds in PVC.

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The effect of inorganic compounds on the electrocrystallization of zinc has been studied. lt was found that the growth of the mossy and dendritic crystals of zinc was inhibited by the presence of tellurium and lead ions in the electorolyte. The grain size of the deposits was shown to be decreased with increasing of concentration of the additives. In the presence of tellurium ion in the electrolyte, bright deposit was obtained. Fine crystal deposit, t of zinc was obtained by addition of lead ion. The overpotential for electrodeposition of zinc was increased by these ions.
It was noticed that the current efficiency for the deposition of zinc did not decrease appreciably even though the tellurium and lead were codeposited with zinc during electrolysis.

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Pyrolysis of r MnOOH prepared by the reaction of manganese sulfate and ammonia aqueous solution in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was studied by means of TGA, DTA, X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and chemical analysis. Results obtained are as follows;
(1) In air, r-MnOOH was decomposed to B-MnO2 at 220 C which changed to a-Mn2O3 at 550 C. At the transformation from r-MnOOH to B-MnO2, an increase in weight and two exothermic peaks were observed.
(2) In nitrogen, only one endothermic peak was observed at 275 C owing to dehydration of r-MnOOH, and then dehydration product (MnO1.63) changed to ev-Mn203 at 640 C. The dehydration process was confirmed by the decrease in absorption, strength of OH band in IR spectra.
(3) It was recognized that the dehydration of r-MnOOH also occured at the exothermic region in air from the measurements of endothermic peak and IR spectra in nitrogen atmosphere for the specimens which had been heated up to various temperatures in air.
(4) Activation energy for dehydration obtained by Freeman-Carrol's method was 26, 0 and 13.2kcal in nitrogen and air, respectively. (5)From the above results, it may be considered that the formation of B MnO2 proceeds by the following two successive reactions;
2MnOOH -- Mn2O3 H2O (1)
Mn2O3 + 1/2 O2 --- 2MnO2 (2)

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This paper deals with the electrodeposition of copper from Cu(CF3COO)2-HCON(CH3)2 and Cu(CF3COO)2-citric acid-HCON(CH3)2 baths. The properties of Cu(CF3COO)2-HCON(CH3)2and Cu(CF3COO)2-citric acid-HCON(CH3)2 baths, and the mechanism of electrodeposition of copper were studied. Solubility of Cu(CF3COO)2 in 100g HCON(CH3)2 was 180g at 20 C. The Cu(CF3COO)2-HCON(CH3)2 system showed comparatively 1ow conductivity and Cu20 was electrodeposited at the cathode while copper was not easily obtained. By dissolving citric acid into the bath, copper was easily electrodeposited.
Bright and smooth copper deposits were obtained at the current densities ranging from 2. O to 11. O A/dm2 in Cu(CF3COO)2 500g/1-citric acid 200g/l-HCON(CH3)2 bath at 60 C, and the current efficiencies for cathode and anode were about 75% and more than 100%, respectively. The cross-section of the copper deposits showed a granular structure.
The rate of electrodeposition of copper from Cu(CF3COO)2-citric acid 200g/1-HCON(CH3)2bath at the current densities ranging from 1.0 to 3.5A/dm2 was found to be controlled by charge transfer reaction.

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Hygroscopic process of fine powder of the three salts, NaCl, KBr and KI, prepared by recrystallization using ethyl alcohol has been studied quantitatively by comparing surface conductivities of the salts with their water adsorption isotherms.
The surface conductivity-relative pressure curves on a log scale were found to consist of four parts as shown in Figs.4, 5 and 6. The changes in gradient of the straight lines described in these figs. may be caused by the difference among the water adsorption states in each pressure region. Two points, a and b shown in the above figs., represent the relative pressures at which monolayer adsorption and two layer adsorption have been completed, respectively. It was concluded that adsorbed water molecules forming less than two layers were physically adsorbed and that those forming more than two layers showed an ability in dissolving a salt particle and began to form the hydrated ions with considerable mobility. Concering NaCl, KBr and KI, the vapor pressure values at which the adsorbed water molecules start to form the hydrated ions at 30 C were determined to be 33, 36 and 27%rH, respectively, and average numbers of them for forming the hydrated ions at 30. C were calculated, to be 10, 119, again respectively.

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A new reaction was carried out in a quasi-static way through an analytical filter paper (No.5 C) between 1 mol/l ferrous chloride and 1N sodium hydroxide solutions at room temperature for 24 hours. The reaction product of apparent density 3.15 g/cm3 was precipitated on the filter paper at the side of ferrous solution.
It has been found that metallic iron was contained in the resultant product with ferrous hydroxide, green rust-I, magnetite and gethite. The metallic iron was identified by means of X-ray diffractometry, thermomagnetic analysis and chemical analysis. Needle-like metallic iron particles could be separated from resultant precipitate by dissolving in hydrochloric acid. By determination of consumed reagents due to the reaction in both solutions and of total iron contained in the resultant precipitate, it was proved that the reaction proceeded stoichiometrically.
State analysis of iron was undertaken for obtaining the iron valences in the resultant precipitate. In spite of contamination of the solution with air during the reaction periods, the proportional relation between metallic (Fe0) and ferric (FeIII) iron could be observed. In proportion as these iron contents in the resultant preceipitate increased, the quantity of ferrous (FeII) iron decreased.
It was considered from above experiments that the metallic iron was formed by the following disproportionate reaction of ferrous iron.
3FeII Fe0 2FeIII

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The separability of 25 kinds of dipivaloylmethanato(DPM)-metal chelates by gas chromatography was invesgated and the effect, f the structure of metal chelates on the retention time were discussed.
The retention time of various chelates is shown in Table 1. The gas chromatographic separation of Lu(DPM)3 and Yb(DPM)3 is the most difficult among rare earth metal chelates and a theoretical plate number as many as 11000 is necessary to make the peak resolution one. However, a column of only 650 theoretical Plates is necessary for the separation of Nd(DPM)3 and Pr(DPM)3.
The structure of the chelate significantly affected their retention time. Among the divalent metal chelates of coordination number 4, the square planer chelate showed a much longer retention time than the tetrahedral chelate. The retention time depended greatly on the molecular volume. Among the spherical molecule, the octahedral chelate of coordination number 6 showed a much longer retention time than the tetrahedra1 chelate of coordination number 4. In the case of octahedral chelate, the reduction of the size of the central metal ion made the retention time shorter.

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In the previous papers on aniline hydrochloride flux action of soldering, it has been shown that molten aniline hydrochloride reacts with copper to give CuCl2 and copper complex, which react with molten solder of Sn-Pb alloy to give metallic copper. Successively, this copper dissolves into the molten solder and a thin Cu-rich layer is formed on the surface of molten solder. The wetting of copper plate by the solder is improved through the reaction and the dissolution of Cu into molten solder.
In this report, the flux action of various metallic halides en soldering was studied in relation to the reaction of flux with Sn solder and spreading phenomenon. The flux action of metallic halide may be considered as follows
The electrochemical series of metal in molten salts plays an important role in the reaction of metallic halide with Sn so1der. The effect of metallic halide on wetting is dependent mainly on the electrochemical series of metal, and improvement of spreading by metallic halide may be ascribed to the lowering of interfacial tension between flux and solder.
Such a lowering of interfacial tension is caused by the dissolution of metal into molten Sn, while the metal results from the reaction between metallic halide and molten Sn.

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Altheugh various theories have been presented on the mechanism of setting retardation of B-CaSO4, 1/2 H20, this phenomenon has not yet been deed, The present nvestigation was I'nitiated iri ord-er to solve the mechanism from the view point of coordination chemistry. lt be explained from the results of our previous experiments that tbe. se-ttl'ng. t. ipa-e-can be may retirded thfough an addition of complexing reagent of Ca2' ion to the B-CaSO'. l 2 HB O paste under a certairi pH condition. But prior to the conclusion that the setting retarder forpas a complex salt with Ca2 ion, we must prove the formqtion gf Cqrrco-mp- e salt. wFDTA has We eompare beenM confirmed as a setting retarder which forms a complex salt wlth Ca2 s ion. the results of EDTA with pyruvic acid which has. comparatively simple structure and is unknown te form a complex salt, with Ca2 ion. We examined hydrates of B-CaSO'.; /2 HQO -a of B -CaSO'elf2 HzO-Ca(OH)2 (sett-in-g. ret. arpar sy. stem) frg. m thg -eVs'iits go-fTduterent ial th6rmal analysis, x-ray diffraction pattern, infrared absorptiori spectra qnd 6anning electron micro-photographs. About the liquid phase of dthege systgms, el. ectTo-c. on. ducI I ty, Wconcentration of- Ca2 ion and solubility we e determined, . From. the apa ysis. of. thgse xpee tal data, it may be reasonably ccluded that the mechanismof setting retardati, n i-BLCaso, . y2 Hio is ciosely connected with the formation of ca-complex salt.

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Polarographic behavior of B0 ion was studied in the supPorting eleco1yte so1ion containing O.1mol/1 NaNOs, O. Ol% gelatine and Britton. Robins, on buffer solution (pH 7.2, mv 12.2). Twowaves were ebserved on the polarogram and the cathodic reduction of BrOion at the dropping mercury electrode was found to proceed as a four-electron reaction. The total wave(thest wave the second wave)and the second wave were of diffusion determin, , ing step. The height of the total wave was proportional, to the concentration of NaBrO, from O.2 to1.2x10w3 mol/l in the supPortin, g electrolyte at pH 10, 4,
Halfwave petential of the second wave was --o.24 V vs. SCE at 25eC. Therefore, it is possible to determine NaBrO2 quantitatively by the polarographic method. lt was noticed that one of the reduction products was Bion when, the cnstant poten, tial elec 01ysis was carried out,

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The picke1-1, 2-pr. opangdiagpine(1, 2-pn). s-yst. em. showed three polarographie steps (Fig.1). When the copceptra. tign of.1, .2-pp wgs. elatively low i4 a pH range froni 7. o t6 i4, V tW 6in which the half-wave potential of the first steps (ii) and that 6f th6 were obtained steps rst step as
When Kortya s equation for a kinetic current of complex ion was applied to the system, the fo11owing rate-determi: ning step of the electrode reactiQn could be assumed.
Ni(1, 2-: pn)+2 Ni(aq, uG)2+2(1, 2rpn)
(1)
Ni(O: H)-v (y=1, 2, )
In a pH range from 8.30 to 10.30, thest step(Zl)was disapPeared, and th hirdstep (is)was obtained which half-wave pot6ntial was about-1.4V vs. SCE.1this case, the second step was kineticaUy controlled a: nd the total steps(i2+is)were also disioncontrolled
In a pH range from 9, 80 to 10, 30, the: hydrogen ion was not ivQlved in the electrode reactioR an, d the foUowing rate-determining step for the electrode reaction in the above, pH range cold be assumed.
Ni(1, 2-pn)32+=Ni(12-pn)22+(1, 2-: p) (2)
T: he rate costant of the dissociation reactio(2)was deteri: ned from the observed kinetic current a: nd the stability costant Qf Ni(1, 2-pn)s2+(3=1, ag from the pH titratiQn obtaed, by Carlson et aL). The valueof the constant was 2.43 10 secat 25.0 0, 1. C, independnof hydrogen ion concentration.

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Polarographic behavior of 4-hydroxy-3-(8-quinolylazo)-1--naphthalenesulfonic acid (abbreviatea AQ hereafter) at the dropping mercury electrode was studied in a Britton-Robinson buffer solution.
At pH 2.2NIO.1, its DC polarogram showed a single, well-defined, irreversible wave of four electrons reduction besides the one due to quinoline ring.
In the presence of nickel, two new waves were observed. The one appearing at a more negative potential than the free azo group was considered to be due to the reduction of the azo group of AQ-Ni chelate and the other at a more positive potential than of that the free nickel was certainly related to the reduction of the metal of the chelate.
It was deduced that the AC peak in acidic solution was a transition wave containing tensammetric character due to the adsorption of the protonated AQ on the electrode.

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Polarogriphic behavior of naphthylazoxine at the dropping rnercury electrode was studied in an Britton-Robinson buffer solution.
At pH4.5, in the potential range more positive than -0.5V vs. SCE DC polarogram showed a well-defined reduction and two small oxidation waves, and in AC polarogram three peaks appeated at potentials corresponding to DC waves.
It was cofisidered that the irreversible four electrons reduction wave at -0.21V vs. SCE is diffusion controlled and it is related to the reaction of azo group to amine. The one of the oxidation waves is due to the reaction of naphthylazoxine with rpercyry electrode and the other due to the adsotption of the its insoluble reaction product. The three waves appearing in AC polarogram were transition waves having the tensammetric character. It was found that these waves in AC polarogram decreased with the addition of the divalent metal ion such as nickel ion.

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The reaction of mesaconeyl dichloride wih methanol in the presence ef triethylamine gives dimethyl mesaconate (1) and an unexpected isomeric ester, dimethyl methylenesuccinate (2). The mechanism for the formation of (2) was suggested to be the 1, 4-elimination of the acyl quartemary ammonium chliride from mesaconoyl dichloride and triethylamine.
The exstence of the ketene intermediate was supported by the following results.1)(1)was not formed from methylenesuccinyl dichloride under the same conditions.2) One of the hydrogen atoms of the α -methylene group of (2), obtaned from mesaconoyl dichloride and methanol-d, was exchanged by a deuierium atom.3) The isomeric ester (2) was also obtained from trans-3-methoxycafbonyl-2-butenoyl chloride (3), but not from trans-2-methyl-3-methexycarbonyl2-propenoyl chloride (4) which could not be converted into a ketene intermediate.4) (1) was not isomerized to (2) under the conditions.

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Reduction of trans- and cis-dibenzoylethylene ((1) and (2)) with Raney nickel or sodium borohydride gave rac- and meso-1, 4-diphenylbuthane-1, 4-diol ((4a) and (4b)) in 3: 1 ratio, respectively. Acid-eqtalyzed intramolecular cyclization of both (4a) and (4b) afforded a mixture of an equal amount of cis- and trans-2, 5-diphenyltetrahydrofuran ((6a); bp 94 C/1mmHg, and (6b); bp 117 C/1mmHg). The reaction was found to proceed non-stereoselectively by SN 1 type mechanism with carbonium ion intermediate (Scheme 2). The structure of cisdiphenyltetrahydrofuran (6a) was established by the catalyxic reduction of 2, 5-diphenylfuran (5) with palladium-carbon catalyst. Catalytic reduction of (5) by Raney nickel or platinum oxide resulted in hydrogenolysis to give 1-hydroxy-1, 4-diphenylbuthane (7) and 1, 4-diphenylbuthane (8) (Table 1). The stereochemistry of (6a) and (6b) are discussed by means of conformatienal analysis and NMR spectroscopy (Figs.1 a and 1 b).

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Radiation- or erganic peroxide- induced reaetion of tetrachloroethylene with aliphatic ethers was investigated. Uusaturated 1: 1-substitution products were obtained as follows:
When di-t-butylperexide was used, the substitution product ef di-n-propyl ether was obtained with 29% yield. Yields of the substitution products were lowered as the structure of ether changed in the following order:
Di-n-propyl> Di-n-butyl, Ethyl n-butyl> Diethyl> Diisopropyl
When the reaction was initiated by r-ray, G-value of the formatien of substitution product of di-n-propyl ether was 57, and decreased in nearly the same order. Dependency on the dose-rate was not found in this reaction. Apparent activation energies were calculated for some ethers.

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The formation of N-substituted phthalimides by the reaction of N-(phenylsulfonyl)phthalimide (PSPI) and N-mesylphtalimide (MSPI) with various amines was investigated. The reaction of PSPI with aniline at room temperature in THF gave the ring-opening adduct, N-phenyl-N (phenylsulfonyl)-phthalamide (1a), whereas that in THF with basic catalysts or in basic solvents afforded N-phenylphthalimide (2). Similarly, N-mesyl-N -phenylphthalamide (1b)and (2) were synthesized from MSPI with aniline. The adducts (1a)and (1b) were converted by heating at 160 C into (2) by the elimination of sulfonamides. PSPI also reacted with various amines in ethanol at 80 C to form N-substituted phthalimides in good yields.

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Polyoxyethylene alkylamine is usually prepared by the reaction of alkylamine with ethylene oxide. The product becomes yellow or brown according as the additien of ethylene oxide proceeds.
This coloration has been considered te be caused by aeetaldehyde centained in ethylene oxide as a minor impurity. However, it was observed that tertiary amine, polyoxyethylene alkylamine itself, acted as the catalyzer of rearranging ethylene oxide to acetaldehyde by the following mechanism.
The colored component seems to be formed by the condensation of acetaldehyde from the fact that crotonaldehyde was detected in it.

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It has been proposed that if the concentration of molecularly dye (monomer) in equilibrium with a large amount of fine-crystalline dye dispersed in aqueous disperse dye bath is defined as solubility (S), then S can be evaluated by a spectrophotometric method using the following equation,
where (O. D.) is optical density of the disperse dye bath of over-all concentration C, is molar extinction coefficient of the monomer and i is mean molar extinction coeMcient (apparent) of the fine-crystalline dyes. By means of this method, solubilities of 6 amineanthraquinone disperse dyes and 3 azo disperse dyes in water were determined. The experimental results showed that the solubilities of disperse dyes were, in general, fairly lower than those so far knuwn and increased exponentially with increasing temperature. This suggests that the dissolution of disperse dyes is dominated by its fusion precess. The solubility and the standard heat of solution obtained from the temperature dependence of solubility for each dye were discussed in detail in terms of chemical structure on the basis of argument that the dissolution phenomenon consists of two processes, fusion of the solid solute and solvatibn (hydration) of the solute molecule.

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In order to examine the relation between the fine texture of Nylon 12 sheets and the drawring conditions, fiber identity period (FIP), crystallite size, degree of crystal orientation and crystallinity were carried out for dumbbell type test specimens before and after drawing under various conditions, changing temperarures from 50 C to 160 C and draw ratios from 2.4 to 4.0.
Original specimens and most of the drawn-specimens showed their X-ray diffraction patterns specfic to γ -from (Fig.2(a), (b)). However, for specimens drawn at temperatures from 140 C to 160 C and draw ratios from 2.4 to 3.0, a splitting of the equatorial reflection(d=4.1A)was observed in the X-ray photograph(Fig.2(c)). DSC curve did not show any sign of new crystalline from to present.
Calculated values of FIP from each order of reflections did not coincide each other, but increased as the order became higher. Further, with rasise of drawing temperature, values of FIP, crystallite size and crystallinity increased, while the degree of the orientation was almost unchanged (Figs.3, 4, 7, Tables 1, 2). On the other hand, with the increase of draw ratio, the degree of the erientation became greater, while FIP, crystallinity and crystallite size were almost uninfluenced (Fig.8).
On the basis of these findings, factors affecting the anomalous FIP observed in the X-ray diffractometry and the deformation mechanism of crystallites due to drawing were discussed.

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7, 7, 8, 8-Tetraeyanoquinpdimethane (CQ) salts of polycations, such as poly(vinylbenzyltrimethyl ammonium), poly(diallyl-N, N-dimethylammonitim), pply(4-vinyl-N-nidrhyipyridium), Polypoly (diallyl-N, N-dimethyl-ammoniumsulfone)and poly(4-vinyl-N-methylhexamethyleneparaxylylene diammonium), were prepared. Specific resistances p and activation energies Ea of these polycation-CQ salts were measured. The correlation between the chemical structure of polycations and the p- and Ea-values was diseussed.
The electric conduction of the polycation-CQ salts was found to be an electronic one, where the CQ part platys an important role. The polycatien behaved as the matrix for the arrangement and packing of CQ molecules. While the p-values of CQ simple salts were about 10 ohm cm and independent of the polycation structures, the p- and Ea-values of CQ complex satls were dependent on the structures.
Polycations of integral types and those containing unsaturated heteroeyclic rings with quarternized nitrogen atoms to facilitate packing the arrangement of CQ molecules indicated higher conductivities.

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7, 7, 8, 8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane (CQ) salts of n, m-ionene N(CH3)2 CH2 N(CH3)2 (CH2), where (n, m) were (2, 5), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 5) and (6, 6), were prepared and their specific resistances ρ and activation energies Ea were measured.
When neutral CQ was doped to simple salts, the valuesof ρ and Ea decreased and CQ complex salts had minimum values of(ρ=10 2 10 5 ohm, cm) and (Ea=0.077 0.22 eV).
Ea could be correlated with the length of polymethylene chain in polymer, when the number of CH2 groups was less than six.
The longer the polymethylene chain, the larger Ea of the simple salts and the smaller Ea of the complex salts became. This suggests that the electric conduction mechanism of simple salts is different from that of complex salts.

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7, 7, 8, 8-Tetracyanoquinondimethane anion-radical (CQ) salts of nX-ionene,

(n=2, 3, 4, 5, 6), were prepared and specific resistances (p) and activation energies (Ea) of them were measured.
Simple salts indicated p values of 1O 6-1O 8 Ω cm and Ea values of O.25-O.64eV, while complex salts had much lower values p=1O 2-1O 3 Ω cm and Ea=O. O6-O.13 eV. The Ea values of the simple salts increased and those of the complex salts decreased with increase in the number of methylene groups. This coincided with the result of n, m-Ionene-CQ salts already reported.
From these results, it is assumed that the electronic conduction in the simple salts is due to the hopping of electrons from CQ to the adjacent CQ and that, in the complex salts, electrons move in a narrow band which is formed together with the charge transfer complex between CQ 0 and CQ.

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7, 7, 8, 8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane anion radical salts (CQ salts) of polycations having dimethylammonium, piperadinium or morpholinium sites in polymer matrix, such as
were prepared. One the basis of their specific resistances (p) and activation energies of conduction (Ea), the influences of N-substitution groups at ammonium sites upon the electronic conduction were discussed.
Simple salts of XX-CQ, PX-CQ and MX-CQ indicated p values of 1.4 10 10, 1.8 10 10 and 6.5 10 8, cm, respectively and the minimum p values of complex salts were 4.6 10 2, 4.8 10 8and 2.0 10 2, cm, respectively. The p- and Ea-values of XX-CQ were reduced more remarkably than those of PX-CQ by doping of neutral CQ (CQO). This result suggests that piperadine ring influenced the packing of CQ0 considerably.
In MX-CQ, the p-value of its simple salt is very low and the reduction of p by doping is very small. The oxygen atom in morpholine ring is assumed to contribute significantly to the electronic conduction, so that the reduction of p is disturbed by preventing morpholine ring from the arrangement of CQ0.

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The ester-exchange reaction of poly(γ -methyl-L-glutamate) (PMG) with alcohols was studied in order to enhance the solubility in common organic solvents and to obtain a fundamental view on chemical reactivity of PMG. The reaction was carried out in ethylene dichloride (EDC) or EDC-dioxane at 60-70 C in the presence of strong acid catalysts. Eight alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol, ethylene chlorohydrin, allyl alcohol, and N-hydroxyethyl-2-oxazolidone were examined. The reaction proceeded, in most cases, up to. over 80% and poly(glutamates) thus obtained were soluble in various solvents, such as N, N-dimethylformamide, EDC, acetone, and chloroform. Almost quantitative exchange was achieved by taking off the methanol produced continuously to give the polymer with an appearance similar to PMG without coloration and depression in molecular weight.

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The reactions of poly(β-chloroethyl-glutamate) (PCIEG) or poly(j -cyanoethyl-glutamate) (PCNEG), obtained from poly(methyl-glutamate) (PMG) by transesterfication, with some nudeophilic reagents such as sodium azide sodium dithiocarbamate and amines were investigated. When PC1EG was treated with sodium azide at 600G and 850C or with sodium N, N-dimethyldithiocarbamate at 400C in N, N-dimethylformamide, j9-chlorine of PC1EG was substituted selectiveLy and effectively by azide or dithiocarbamate groups, respectively. The aminolysis of PMG was found to take place very slowly at these temperature and to occur predominantly on main chains at higher temperatures. In contrast, the aminolysis of PC1EG and PCNEG proceeded easily on pendant ester moieties even at 10.
By using the above procedures, versatile derivatives of poly(glutamates) containing hydrazide, hydroxamic acid, I -hydroxy-ethyl-amide, and -aminoethyl-amide groups were prepared.

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In relation to the chemical modification of poly(glutamatds), the aminolyses ef alkyl acetates carrying electron-withdrawing substituents in leaving groups were investigated. The relative rates in N, N-dimethylforma, mide (DMF) were found to be as follows; 1 for ethyl acetate, 37for B-chloroethyl acetate, 87 for B-cyanoethyl acetate, and 2700 for B, B, B-trichleroethyl acetate. Similar tendencies in reactivity were ebServed in the reaction with ethylene diamine in DMF or with ethanolamine in dioxane. These reactions followed the Taft equation. (log k/kG=p a). The values of the reaction constant (p) were above 3 in all cases.
Further, it was observed that the plots of log k/ke Vs. the yc.. o of alkyl acetates give a straightline. lt is concluded that the inductive effect plays an impoTtant role in the activation of these alkyl acetates.

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The preparation of the chelating resins containing polyamino greups by the aminolysis of methyl methacrylate-divinylbenzen e copoly er with polyethylene polya ine and its absorptivity of metal ions were investigated.
The aminolysis of these copolymers was comparatively easy run and it was found that the aminolysis was accompanied by the introduction of carbexyl groups in an early stage of the reaction and the earboxyl greups thus formed were converted into amide groups in a subsequent reaction at high temperatures
For the aminelysis to prepare the favorabSe chelating resins, triethylene tetramine or tetraethylene pentamine was suitable.
The good chelating resins were prepared by the aminolysis (170N1800C; 5. vlO hr) of macroreticular copolymer which was obtained under the following conditions: isoectane ratie was 50% (volume) per the monomer consisting of methyl methacrylate 92 v95%e (volume) and divinylbenzene 5, v8%e (volume).
These ehelating resins had a few carboxyl groups but did net shew the absorptivity of Caa for pH values less than 9 and the separation of the definite metal ien from the the solution, containing the certain metal ions which exhibited a tendency to form ammine complex, could be carried out by adjusting its pH values.

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Relat. ions. betweep speeific area of catalyst and heating time, initial catalytic activity, and determined by a fiow system at 250C
.1 atingtimeandbec. mesac. nstant va1 e aflLr six h vity are qui e similaron heating in va nlhe speci. a and catalytic acti rease to about 50% and 65%e of the non-hea-ted catalyst,

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The polarographic behaviors of lead(III), copPer 1and cadmium in ethylenediamine-NN diacetate (X2m) solutions were studied at ionic strength O.2 adjusted with sodiurn perchlorate. The reversible two--electren reduction waves were obtained in the pH range 8.5 to 13 for each system. Three kinds of lead(1) complexes, PbX, Pb(OH)X, Pb(OH)2X, one kind of copper(ll)complex, CuX2, and two kinds of cadmium complexes, CdX, CdX2 were assumed and their stability constants were calculated by Schaaps, Kolthoff-Lingane s and DeFord-Hume s methods, respectively. The logarithms of the overall stability constants at 250C were 11.2, 13.6, i5.2for lead(ll) complexes, 19.8 for copper(ll) complex and 10.8 and 15.0 for cadmium comPlexes. The electrode reactions were assumed to be MX -27 + rk, P. H + 2e + Hg=M(Hg) + P, Hm. Xifbww2and Pb(OH)aXind-k2P + 2e + Hg=Pb(Hg) + PM, X2m + aM, OH where P C a and rk denote the mean coordinate number of the ligands/ X2m, OH, and the mean participate number of proton, respectively.

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Amethod fo the determination of small amounts of melamine presen, t as an impurity in benzoguanamine is proposed. Melamine can be separated from ben2oguanamine by a ion exchange chromatography using a 8 250 mm co1umn packed with a strongly-acidic cation exchanger, AG 50 W-X 4. About 10 mZof the solution containing 50 mg of the sample in O.04mol hydrochloric acid is passed through the co1umn. After eluting interfering impurities with 170to 190 ml of O.8 mol/l hydrochloric acid at 35, melamine is eluted quantitatively with 20 ml of the same eluent. Melamine is determined by the measurement either the absorbance of the eluted, so1uton mad P to a certain volumeor the peak area of the chromatogram. The absorbance is measured by the difference between the absorption at 235 and 250 nm, and the chromat ogram is obtained by continuous measurement of the absorbanceof the emuent at 235 nm. Melamlne in benzoguanamine can be determined down to O, 1%, This method is nQt interfered by the presence of impurities such as cyanomelamine and ammeline.

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Nine arylarsenic acids, i. e., 2-, 3- and 4-methylphenylarsonic acids, phenylarsonic acid, 2and 4-chloropheny1arsonic acids, and 2-, 3- and 4-nitrophenylarsonic acids, were synthesized and their thermal behavior were chiefly studied by differencial thermal and thermal gravimetric analyses.
It was found that all the above arsonic acids which were dried at 1050C had O.5 or 1 mol crystal water per molecule and that they lost their crystal water at 140, Nf250 C and decomposed at 260-v4000c.
It was deduced that 3- and 4-nitrophenylarsonic acids lost crystal water at two steps.

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A method to obtain (4 E, 6 Z)-mlloocimene (2 b), an important intermediate for new aromatics, in a geod yield was investigated.
2-Pinene (1) was subjected to contact with a catalyst ef a copper and zinc systeM at 260 5 under reduced pressure, and aHoecimene (2) was ebtained as a mixture of the (4 E, 6 E)and (4 E, 6 Z)-isomers (15: 85).
When the alloocimene mixtures was heated with methyl aerylate in the presence of a trace ef pyregallel in an autoclave, the mere reactive (4 E, 6 Z)-isomer was remeved as an adduct and the less reactive (4 E, 6 Z)-alloocimene (2 b) was obtained,

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a Cyclogeranyl chloride was synthesized from geranyl chlQride, prepared from the reactien OEeraniel with diphenylphosphofochloridate or lin FaleolFwith thioiiYl c hloridfi, -iri- tTti5V iile-sVe fiVc 60f boron trifluoride etheraie ifi benzene at room temperature,

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cis-4-Nonenoie (4 a), cis'-4-undecenoic (4 b) and cis-4-tridecenoic (4 c) acids were synthesized by the condensation of the corresponding (Cs, C7 and Cg) alkanals with 3-methoxycarbonylpropylide: netriphenylphosphorane(3)which were prepa d by the reaction, of 3-methoxycarbony1propyltriphenylphosphonium iodide(2)with sodium methoxide in dimethy or amide.
The acids, their methyl esters, p-bromophenacyl esters and P-pheRylphenacyl esters were characterized.

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Suitable reaction conditions for the preparation of 1, 2, 3, 5-benzenetetrol from picric acid were investigated. An aqueous solution of 2, 4, 6-triaminophenol trihydrochloride or sulfate (O.134 mol/1) which was prepared quantitatively by the reduction of picric acid in dilute hydrochloric or sulfuric acid in the presence of Adams catalyst, was heated for 8 hrs in an autoclave at 1400C. The reaction mixture was concentrated and extracted with ether. The evaporation of ether gave 1, 2, 3, 5-benzenetetrol in 80%e yield.

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3-Pheny1-2 F-1, 2, 4-benzothiadiazine 1, 1-dioxide(3)was synthesized in an, excellent yields by the cyclodehydration, of 2 sulfam ylbenza ide(2)at elevated temperatures eit: her with thionyl chloride, or with an, organic base, such asr-picolineor tri-"-butylam e, as a solvent, The reaction of(2)with acetic anhydride gave 3-methy1-2 HL1, 2, 4 benzothiadi zine 1, 1dioxide the formation of 2'-(N'-acetylsulfamoy1)be zanilide. Thermal cyclodehydration of (2)afforded(3)in a relatively low yield, presu: mably due to simulta: neous degradation of(2),

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Four bisimide carbexylic acids (BICA) were prepared from 1, 4, 5-naphthalene tricarboxylic anhydride and aromatie diamines. Polyamide-imides (PAI) and polyester-imides (PEI) were synthesized by the acidolysis of these BICA with diacetyl derivatives of aromatic diamines and diols. Reduced viscosities of PAI and PEI were in the ranges of O.17. vO.50 and O.20. Nb. O.40, respectively, in O.5% conc. H2SO4 solution at 30 C.

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