An adsorption and desorption process of n-butane gas were investigated in the fixed beds of several kinds of active carbons at the temperature. The effects of the physical properties of active carbon, such as specific surface area, volume and size distribution of the internal pores on the adsorption and desorption process were investigated. The experimentals were carried out at following conditions: temperature of the fixed bed was 17° C, concentration of n-butane the was 15 vol %, flow rates of the carrier gas were 220 cm3/min in the adsorption process and 100, 300 and 500 crnimin in the desorption process.
From the experimental results, it was shown that the gas volume adsorbed at equilibrium (Q) increases approximately in proportion to the surface area of active carbon. In the desorption experiment, it was found that after desorption process, the active carbons recover their adsorption abilities up to 75% of the initial ones and that the desorption time increases in proportion to Q and decreases as the flow rate of the carrier gas increases. The total amount of the carrier gas required for the desorption period was found to have a minimum at the flow rate 300 cms/min, except for the active carbon-A which includes transitional-pores (near 300 A).

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The C-potential, surface dye adsorption, and free energy of dyeing of polyacrylonitrile fiber Vonnel P in acid dye (Orange I and VI) solutions (pH 3) have been determined. With increase of dye concentration, the sign of the C-potential of this fiber in dye solutions changed from positive to negative and the surface dye adsorption increased. A linear relation was found between C and log Cd (C; dye concentration) and the slope was independent of temperature. The surface dye adsorption decreased with rise of temperature. The free energy of dyeing 4G calculated from the slope of the C-log Cd curve decreased with rise of temperature. The heat of dyeing 417 and the entropy of dyeing 4S for Orange I were 2.4 kcalol- and 4.7 cal mol-ieg-, respectively. The corresponding parameters for Orange N were 1.2 kcalmo1-1 and 1.0 cal, ol-eg-1, respectively. The entropy of dyeing for Orange 17- was less negative than that for Orange j. From the occupied areas of these dye molecules on the fiber at the maximum dye adsorption, it was suggested that these dyes were coarsely adsorbed on the fiber.

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Disproportionation of propylene and methathesis of isobutene with cis-2-butene were carried out over the MoO^3-Al203 catalysts containing various alkaline metal hydroxides (LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH and CsOH). The effects of these alkaline metal compounds on the active centers for the disproportionation and the isomerization of olefins were studied by means of a flow method and a pulse reactor technique.
The induction period of the activity for the disproportionation of propylene increased with the ammount of alkaline metal hydroxide (NaOH) added to the MoOs-Al203 catalyst. This addition decreased the rate of double bond megration to 1-butene from 2-butene, which is the product from the disproportionation of propylene, more quickly than that of the disproportionation. On the contrary, the ratio of cis-2-butene to trans-2-butene, both produced by the disproportionation of propylene, was almost constant for all Na0H-Mo0s-A1802 catalysts. These results suggest that the mechanism of the isomerization between cis-2-butene and trans- 2-butene differ from that of olefin metathesis.
The yield of isoamylene from the metathesis of isobutene with cis-2-butene increased by the addition of alkaline metal hydroxides. It was correlated with the electronegativities or the ionic radius of the alkaline metals.

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Hydrogen exchange reactions whith the Ziegler-Natta catalysts, TiCl3-Al(C_2CH₅)3, -Al(C_2C1-15)2Cl, -Al (C_2C1-15)Cl2 and -Al (CH8)have been studied. The purpose of this experiment is to study the nature of the active centers of the hydrogen exchange reactions between catalysts and grseous D2 as well as between D2 and H₂ and also to clarify the exchange reaction mechanism. In the H₂-D2 exchange reaction, the activity depends on the types of cocatalysts, and increases with reducing power of cocatalysts: Al (C_2CF15)2>A1 (C_2CH, )2Cl>A1(C_2C115)Cl2 The difference between the catalytic activity of TiCl3-Al(C_2CI-15)2 and that of TiCl8-Al(C_2CH₅)2Cl seems to depend on the number of the active sites, because both catalyst systems show the same activation energy, 5-6 kcal/mol. As the exchange reaction also proceeds with TiCl2-THF-Mg catalyst system, it is assumed that the exchange reaction proceeds via dissociated hydrogen atom formed on the lower valence surface of titanium.
In the hydrogen exchange reaction between gaseous D2 and the catalysts, the initial rate is expressed by
where PD2 is the deuterium pressure and CA, is the initial concentration of Al(C_2C115)3.
To explain this equation, the reaction mechanism by the reaction of adsorbed deuterium atoms with Al(C_2CF15)3 adsorbed on independent sites is proposed.

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In order to develop a high energy density cell, performance of zinc-bed electrodes has been examined. The dependence of the discharge characteristics of zinc-bed electrodes on the operating conditions and electrode arrangements was studied. Current distributions in the zinc-bed electrodes were also investigated.
Discharge current was mainly generated at the side of zinc-bed facing to the counter electrode, and it was not contributed at the opposite side. The anodic polarization of the cell having an arrangement of feeder/zinc-bed/counter electrode was smaller than that of zinc-bed/feeder/counter electrode. Moreover, the polarization of fixed-zinc bed electrode was smaller than that of fluidized-zinc bed electrode, so that the former type may be adapted for zinc fuel cells. A. little flow of the electrolyte solution through the fixed-zinc bed electrode decreased the polariza- tion. Optimum fraction of expansion of the fluidized-zinc bed electrode was 0.15-0.2 to minimize the polarization.
Under the condition of high concentration of zincate in the zinc-bed electrode, which was resulted by high discharge current, and/or electrolyte saturated with ZnO, the zinc particles coated by anodic products were effectively re-activated by particle-particle and particle-feeder collision in the fluidized-zinc bed electrode. However, the polarization characteristics were independent of the mesh number of feeder net.
These results suggest that the high energy density cell will be obtained by using the zincbed electrode.

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High temperature gas flow DTA apparatus working up, to 1500° C (Fig.1 and 2) was devised and -reversible reactions, 1between magnesium sulfate, aluminum oxide, magnesium aluminate and air-sulfur dioxide, mixture were studied.
MgSO₄ + Al203, MgAl204 + S03(S02 +, 1/2 02)
For the forward reaction, DTA and isothermal kinetic, experiments were carried out for MgSO₄-V-Al208 and MkSO₄e-Al203 mixtures (1: 1 in mole) in the stream or nitrogen (100 m//mm) in, temperature range up to 1300° C The experiment on the reverse reaction was carried out by using air-S02 gas mixture (1: 1 in mole and 100 m//min) and. MgAl204 samples obtained by heating MgSO₄-Al203 mixtures at 1000° C and 1300° C for Thr. The thermal decomposition, of pure MgSO₄; the. reaction of MgO with Al203' and that of - MgO with SO₂ were also carried out as reference reactions. The results were summarized as follows. (1) In MgSO₄-Al203 system, decomposition of MgSO₄ MgSO₄ MgO + SO, , 411° (1373 K)=70.5 kcal/mol and formation of MgAl204 (MgO +Al203) MgAl2O₄, 4H° (1373 K)=7.4 kcal/mol proceeded simultaneously. The corresponding endothermic DTA peak appeared at 1045° C and 1090° C for MgSO₄-77-Al203 and MgSO₄a-Al20, systems, respectively (Fig.3). The former system gave a higher reaction rate than the latter (Fig.6 and 7, Table 1). (2) Decomposition of MgSO₄ was promoted by the presence of Al203, i. e. lower decomposition temperature and higher rate were observed than those given by pure MgSO₄. The effect was more remarkable by the presence of 77-Al203 than that of a-Al203 (Fig.5). (3) MgO, resulted from the thermal decomposition of MgSO₄, showed a higher reactivity than that of commercial MgO (Fig 7). (4) MgAl204 reacted with air-SO₂ mixture to reproduce MgSO₄ and Al203, and MgO gave MgS0, and MgSO₄ (Fig.8). MgAl204 prepared from 77-Al203 showed a lower initiation temperature of reaction with SO₂ than that of a-Al203. (5) MgAl204 prepared at 1000° C has a higher reactivity toward SO₂ than the MgAl204 prepared at 1300° C. The consequtive DTA experiments (Fig.9) were carried out in the atmospheres of air-S02 and N2 to confirm the results shoWn above.

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Solubilities of imidobissulfate salts of sodium and potassium in water and their related physical properties were determined, and basic and neutral sodium and potassium imidobissulfates were prepared on the basis of their chemical and physical experimental results. Solubility equilibrium of both ternary (NaS03) 2NH-NaOH-H₂0 and (KSO₃) 2NH-KOH-H₂0 systems were investigated at 30° C, and solubilities of (NaS03) 2NNa-, (NaS03) 2NH, (KS0g) 2NK and (KS03) 2NH in water were determined at 0-70° C. X-ray diffraction data for (NaS0g) 2NNa12 H₂0, (NaS03) 2NNa 20, (NaS03) 2NNa, (NaS03) 2NH.2 H₂0 and (KS03), NK H₂0 powders, pH of aqueous solutions of (NaS03) 2NNa and (KS03) 2NK, and dissociation pressure of (NaS08) iNNa12 H₂0 were also determined.
The basic sodium and potassium imidobissulfates were prepared by evaporating the dilute aqueous solutions in which (NH4S08) 2NH and NaOH or KOH being dissolved in a molar ratio of 1: 3 under a reduced pressure until no NH4+ ions were detected in the solutions. The desired hydrate of basic salt, (NaS03) 2NNa 12 H₂0, (NaS03) 2NNa20 and (KS03) 2NK H₂0, was allowed to crystallize out of the resulting solution by applying solubility data mentioned above as a fundamental of the crystallization. It is considered that this method is the most suitable for the preparation of basic salt.
Neutral salts, (NaS03)2N1-1.2 H₂0 and (KS03) 2NH, were prepared by neutralizing the basic salt solutions with HCl.
The basic salts, especially (NaSO₃) 2NNa, is expected as a new builder for synthetic detergent, reagent for buffer solution, drying agent etc.

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Li-taeniolite [LiMg2Li (Si40, 0)F], a species of mica, was synthesized and its swelling and dehydration chracteristics were investigated extensively by the analysis of X-ray diffraction pattern at room temperature and elevated temperatures. TG and DTA of the hydrated sample were also measured. Li-taeniolite absorbs water molecules into the interlayer region and the spacing (001) expands discontinuously with the increase of water content. Five different crystalline states followed by the subsequent nearly indefinite swelling state were observed. Configuration of water molecule of each swelling state is discussed.
The origins of the lattice expansibility of Li-taeniolite can be attributed to the configurational instability of the interlamellar region, in which Li+ ions are too small to fit effectively at the interlayer sites of the structure. The vigorous swelling of Li-taeniolite is explained in terms of the hydration of interlayer Li+ ions, which brings about the structural stability of the interlamellar region. The interlayer Li+ ions are found to have exchangeability of base.

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The photochemical decomposition of solid potassium trans-1, 2-cyclohexylenedinitrilotetraacetatomanganate(M) was investigated after irradiation with a mercury lamp (Toshiba SHL-100 UV) at a distance of 15 cm. The distribution of spectral line of mercury was in the range from 250 to 600 nm. The intensity was maximum at 546 nm and decreased below 300 nm. The infrared spectra of IC[Mn(11)0cydta].3 H₂0 (H4 cydta = trans-1, 2-cyclohexylenedintrilotetraacetic acid), having an antisymmetric, stretching band of the coordinated carboxyl groups of the ligand, occurred at 1650 crn-. As shown in Fig.1, after irradiation, the intensity of the band decreased markedly, while a new band appeared at 1600; the latter corresponds to vas(C00) band of ligand of Na₂[IvIn Oncydta].4 H₂0.
The powder surface, diffusion reflection spectra of K[114n (111)cydta] H₂0 showed characteristic maxima at 500 as well as at 320 nm. The intensity of both maxima decreased upon irradiation as shown in Fig.2. The decrease in band intensity parallels the change in infrared band.
The reaction rate was measured in terms of decrease in intensity of 500 nm band shown in Fig.3. The photochemical reaction is of first-order (k 032 min-') and the rate is much higher than that of the same type of readtion of K[Mn (B) edta].2 (1/2)H₂0 where k=0.0060. A reaction mechanism is tentatii7ely proposed below:

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Tracer-diffusion coefficients of copper (II) chelates of diethylenetriamine (dien) were measured over a wide pH range (Fig.1 and Fig.2). From the above results, the stability constants of the following equilibria were determined at 25.0° C and at an ionic strength of 0.1 (KCl):
The values agree well with those obtained from pH titration. This study reveals the measurement of tracer-diffusion coefficients to be available for the determination of stability constants.

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The polargraphic waves of divalent heavy metal chelates of 1, 4, 7-triazonaze-N, N', N"- triacetic acid abbreviated as (2, 2, 2) (TA) appear at potentials much more negative than those of the uncomplexed metal ions. Therefore, even in the presence of the metal chelates, the concentration of the uncomplexed metal ion can be determined by polarographic method. By determining the concentration of uncomplexed metal ion M, e. g., Mn (10, ), Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II) and Pb(JJ), the equilibrium constants K of the displacement reaction, ML+M' M'L-EM where L represents the trivalent ion of (2, 2, 2) (TA) were estimated (Table 1 and Fig.4). On the basis of the stability constant of cadmium chelate of (2, 2, 2) (TA) determined by pH measurements, the individual stability constants u= O.1 (KNO₃), at 25.0° C of six chelates were obtained (Table 2). As the equilibria of the displacement reactions were not instantaneously reached, all samples were heated at 60° C until equilibria were reached before the measurements (Fig.3).

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A simple and accurate method for rapid and precise determination of small amounts of NO gas with a new type of color-producing tube which is improved, both in principle and in reagent, on the conventional gas detector tube and may be referred to as total conversion type color-producing (TCC) tube, was described.
The color-producing reagent was prepared by spraying dilute (0.06%) solution of diphenyl benzidine (DPB) and NH4Cl in 75% sulfuric acid on fine particles (60-80 mesh) of silica gel, calcined at 500° C, pulverized and then purified. The supported color reagent was shown to be extremely sensitive not only to NO₂ but also to NO provided that sufficient oxygen is supplied from the environment. As a result, the color reaction with NO gas at the surface film of reagent particles was found to proceed instantaneously up to completion with a certain ratio of 11.4 mol NO consumed to 1 mol DPB in the reagent.
The TCC tube, constructed of glass tube of 1, -3 mm in diameter and 6-8 cm in length filled with the color-producing reagent, was tested for NO analysis with 100-200 ml samples of diluted NO gas and with a flow rate below 40 m//min. The blue color tone and intensity of coloration were observed to be perfectly constant and uniform throughout the length of coloration, irrespective of temperature and NO concentration. Excellent linear relation between the length of coloration and the total quantity of NO in the sample was established in every case. Thus, 0.3-3000 ppm of NO can ben determined with a precision from 0.15 to 1.35 ppm by the use of TCC tube with diameter from 1 to 3 mm.

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The general and semicircular glass ring oven techniquem (90° C) was applied for separation, concentration and determination of cadmium, calcium and copper in atmospheric particulates. The atmospheric particulates were collected with a membrane filter (Toyo TM-80, pore size O.8 p). This membrane filter was cut into small disks (Fig.1). The disk was put on the middle of a filter paper (Toyo, No.51 A) turning down the sample-bearing surface and fixed with a drop of acetone. The twelve microliters of a 0.2 N nitric acid-O.2 N hydrochloric acid mixture (1: 1) was dropped on the disk to dissolve the sample. After the formation of sulfide on the disk by passing hydrogen sulfide, this filter paper was divided into four parts. This one part was fixed upon the semicircular glass ring oven. Calcium was developed with 4, 5, u/ of O.05 N hydrochloric acid. In case of cadmium and copper, the one part was exposed to bromine and ammonia fume. Cadmium and copper were developed in an arc form with 4, al of O.028% ammonia water and then with 5, u/ of this. A color producing reagent for cadmium and calcium was 2.0 wt % sodium hydroxide-O.2 wt % glyoxal-bis (2-hydroxyanil) ethanol solution. That for copper was bathocuproine. Calcium could be directly determined without influence of other metals. As an excess of copper interfered with the determination of cadmium, the standard addition method was applied to minimize the influence of copper. Use of microscope, magnifying 50 to 100 diameters, revealed the improvement of precision. Detection limits for cadmium and calcium were O.005 pg. It took about 40 minutes to complete the determination of these metals. The precision was satisfactory, the relative standard deviation beind 5% for these metals.

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Determination of small amount of thiophene in commercial benzene was carried out by gas chromatographic method with a flame photometric detector. Gas chromatographic conditions for the determination of thiophene in benzene were evaluated and the minimum detectable amount was found to be 5X 10- g. In the absence of combined use of concentration method the lower limit of detection was 0.01 ppm. Colorimetric determination in terms of indophenine reaction was also carried out to compare it with the result obtained by gas chromatographic one. Above the concentration of O.5 ppm, the lower limit of detection in colonmetric method, the results obtained from both methods agreed well with each other. Gas chromatographic method is more rapid and more sensitive than colorimetric one for the determination of thiophene in benzene.
In the case of concentrations lower than O.01 ppm, the preconcentration techniques such as normal freezing, zone melting and preparative scale gas chromatography were applied to subsequent gas chromatographic analysis. The preparative scale gas chromatographic enrichment was superior to other methods.
The amount of thiophene was found to be O.002-4.5 ppm in several kinds of commercial benzene.

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High H₂0 glassy rocks and rocks including so !called "residual magmatic water" and zeolitic water released relatively large amount of water even below 110° C (Fig.3) and greater part of liberated water is not adsorbed water.
The determination of water in samples of such category is rather determined as total water than dividing into minus and plus water. The sample is weighed into a thin glass ampoule (Fig.5 a) and seeled quickly by melting it Then the ampoule is placed in a fused silica crucible (Fig.5 b) and set in a center of the combustion tube. After passing the dried nitrogen gas to sweep off water adsorbed on the apparatus (Fig.4), the carrier gas introduced into an anhydrous mixture of methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol (1: 1) in Karl Fischer titration vessel and water in the carrier gas is determined by Karl Fischer method. After the blank test, the ampoule is broken with an iron needle (Fig.6) by using two magnets. The sample is heated to 1200-1300° C in the constant stream of carrier gas by high frequency induction furnace. The water released into the carrier gas is determined by the same manner.
Total amount of water in such samples can be determined accurately by the proposed method. When recrystallized copper sulfate is seeled quickly in ampoule by melting, water in it is not released by melting operation. The water released on heating the sample was completely absorbed into the anhydrous mixture and titrated by Karl Fischer reagent. The recovery of water for CuSO₄.5 H₂0 is 99.97%. The coefficients of variation of the analytical results are O.16% for CuSO₄.5 H₂0, 0.51% for alkali olivine basalt, 2.2% for nepheline basalt and O.071% for pitchstone.

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The treatment of phenylacetonitrile with a solution of sodium salt of cx, a-dimethylbenzyl hydroperoxide [ 1 ] in hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) was found to give a novel a-phenyl-a-benzoylacetamide C_2CD in 74% yield under the most favorable conditions. The yield of [ 2 ] was influenced by molar-ratio of [ 1 ] vs. phenylacetonitrile, the kind of solvents and reaction temperature. The formation of [ 2 ] was attributed to the nucleophilic reaction of cyanophenylcarbanion with " benzaldehyde " produced by the oxidation of another molecule of phenylacetonitrile, since the treatment of phenylacetonitrile with p-anisaldehyde in the above system gave a novel a-phenyl-a- (p-methoxybenzoyl) acetamide [ 3 ] in high yield.
The prolonged treatment of diphenylacetonitrile, p-nitrotoluene or p-nitrobenzyl chloride, and 2-methylbenzoxazole with [ 1 ] under similar conditions was found to give benzophenone, p, p'-dinitrostilbene and 2-acetylaminophenol, respectively.

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The 2-/4- ratios of substitution in the diazo-coupling reaction of 1-naphthylamine with benzenediazonium fluoroborate have been investigated in various non-aqueous media including protic acid dipolar aprotic solvents at 0° C. It was found that the solvent effect on the isomer ratio was not large, but the yield of 2-substituted product varied from 5.6% (in acetone) to 9.9% (in pyridine). The results are discussed in relation to the solvent effect on the reaction rate for the coupling reaction of N, N-dimethylaniline.
In 25% buffered methanol, the effect of acidity of medium on the isomer ratio was also examined in the pH range of 3.4 to 8.6. As a result, the isomer ratio was found to depend on the pH value considerably and the yield of 2-substituted product decreased with an increase in pH value of the medium. The results are interpreted on the basis of the base-catalysed reaction at the 4-position. In addition, the reaction of 1-naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid which couples at the 2-position showed no base catalyses, suggesting the validity of the view described above.

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Activated carbons were prepared from each of the two kinds of poly (vinyl chloride) resines (A and B) which containing stabilizers. The following elements, arising from the stabilizers, were found in these resines; (A): Ca, Ti, Cd, Sn, Ba and Pb, and (B): Ca, Ti, Zn, Cd and Pb. Concentrations of some of these elements in the resines were determined as follows; (A): Cd O.042 wt %, Sn O.15 wt % and Pb O.17 wt %, and (B): Cd O.026 wt % and Pb 1.96 wt %. It was found that part of lead in the char from (A) and the activated carbon from (B) had been reduced to metal.
The activated carbon was prepared as follows; PVC resin was dehydrochlorinated in a stream of air at 400° C, and after carbonization of the residue at 600° C in a stream of nitrogen, the 600° C char was activated with steam at 850-950° C.
Specific surface areas of the activated carbons from (A) and (B) were 1000 and 500 m2/g at 50% weight loss in activation, and they increased to 1600 and 800 m2/g at 80% weight loss, respectively.
Measurements of pore volume distribution, in the radius range of 18 to 104A. A, of the activated. carbons from (A) and (B) showed that there was a large difference in their pore distribu- tons. In the case of the activated carbon from (A), the pores of radius smaller than 50-200 A were developed, while for the activated carbon from (B), the pores of radius of 100 to 1000 A were relatively developed.
It is concluded that the amount and the catalytic activity of ash play an important role in the gasification reaction, that is, in the pattern of developing pore size distribution.

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A catalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amino compounds with hydrazine in the presence of iron (III) chloride and active carbon was studied. The reduction was carried out over the range from room temperature to 80° C. The corresponding amino compounds of excellent purity were obtained in good yields (80 to 99%). Dinitro compounds were partially reduced by this method to give the corresponding nitro-amino compounds of excellent purity in good yield.
The reaction may be expressed as follows:
and the corresponding hydroxylamine, RNHOH, was detected as the intermediate in this reduction. Results on the reduction of various nitro compounds are as follows (substituents of nitrobenzene, mp (° C) of amine, yield (%) are given): p-Cl-13, 98.9 (gc); p-Cl, 75 (gc); m-CH₃O, 96 (gc); p-CH₃O, 98 (gc); o-CH₃O, 97.5 (gc); o-S03H, 73; 2, 3- (CHO 2) 45.5-50, 99; p-CH₃CONH, 165-166, 91.8; 2, 5- (CF1, 0) (CH, CONH), 110-110.5, 93.5; pC61-150, 83.5-84, 98; 4- (p-CF3OC6H4NH), 101.5-102, 90.5; 2, 5, 4- (C_2CF150) 2 (C8H₅CONH) 100-101, 98; 2, 4, 5- (CH80)2Cl, 91-92, 87; 4-NH₂, 146-148, 89.8; 3-NH₂, 6062, 99; 3-CN, 52.5-53, 91.5; 4- (P-NO₂C6H40), 187-187.5, 97.6; 2, 4, 5- (HO) (CH₃) (Cl), 139-139.5, 92.6; partial reduction: 3-NO₂, 112.5-113.5, 97.4; 3, 4- (NO₂) (CH₃O), 112, -114, 66; 3, 4- (NO₂) (OH), 136-137. Naphthalenes (substituents, mp (° C) of diamine, yield (%) are given): 1, 5- (NO₂) 2, 189-190, 95; 1, 8- (NO₂)2, 62.5, -63, 81; (gc): analyzed by GLC.

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The poly[p- (acryloyloxymethyl)styrene] was prepared by two processes; (a) the reaction of poly (p-methylolstyrene) with acrylic chloride, and (b) the cationic polymerization of p(acryloyloxymethyl) styrene catalyzed by BF3Et20.
The polymer having pendant vinyl groups was radically polymerized with azobisisobutyronitrile in tetrahydrofuran (THF), benzene or chlorobenzene giving polymer soluble in THF or chlorobenzene. The concentration for the formation of the soluble polymer after postpolymerization is less than 200 g//.
The intrinsic viscosity of the polymer after post-polymerization, whose concentration in THF or chlorobenzene is less than 8.3 is the same as that of the corresponding polymer before post-polymerization, but slightly increases in benzene, whose concentration is 8.3 g//. The number average molecular weight of the polymer after post-polymerization of poly[p(acryloyloxymethyl) styrene] (Mn=11800) by (a) process is 11400. The number average molecular weight of methyl acrylate oligomer which was separated from polymer is 500.
It was suggested that at low concentration after post-polymerization not only reaction between neighboring vinyl groups but also intra-molecular crosslinking occur.

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Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in powder, film or fiber form was heated stepweise at 100-340° C in a HCl flow. The process of dehydration occurring in each step and the structure of the heated solid PVA were investigated in terms of weight loss, elemental analysis, IR absorption spectra and X-ray diffraction.
No substantial loss of carbon atoms occurred during heating to 270-300° C. The weight loss and the ratio of oxygen to hydrogen atoms eliminated during heating showed that the weight loss is due mainly to dehydration. As for the solid PVA heated up to 130° C, the larger the amount of amorphous part of PVA, the higher was the degree of dehydration. In IR absorption spectra of the heated solid PVA, disappearance of -OH groups, formation of trans and cis double bonds, formation and disapperance of; C.0 and conjugated double bonds, increase in concentration of -CH, - groups, and formation of aromatic rings with adjacent four or two, or isorated hydrogen atoms were observed with increasing heating temperature. In the dehydrated PVA fibers the concentration of the aromatic rings with two adjacent hydrogen atoms was fairly higher than that of the aromatic rings with four adjacent hydrogen atoms, but on the contrary in the dehydrated PVA films and powders the concentration of the aromatic rings with two adjacent hydrogen atoms was lower than that of the aromatic rings with four adjacent hydrogen atoms. Mechanisms for the dehydration and the formation of aromatic rings were discussed in terms of these results.

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Thermal degradation of polystyrene under an atmospheric pressure and at 330-370° C was carried out by using a continuous flow reactor, which was used for thermal degradation of polypropyrene shown in the preceding paper.
Rate studies on polystyrene were made at a steady state and the two rates, formation of double bonds and volatilization of degradation products, are plotted in Fig.3 as a function of degradation temperature. The activation energies of polystyrene degradation, as calculated on the basis of these rates, are 46 and 45 kcal/mol, respectively.
Gas chromatography showed that volatile products at room temperatures consist of H₂ and Cl4 hydrocarbons, having an average molecular weight of about 27 (see Table 3). And less volatile oily products consist of C7, C_2C7 hydrocarbons, identified by comparing their boling points (retention values determined by chromatographing) with those of n-paraffins. As illustrated in Fig.4, peaks are found at carbon numbers of 9, 17 (or 18) and 25; and carbon numbers of monomer, dimer and trimer of styrene can be made to fit to 9, 18 and 25, respectively. The peaks having these styrenic compounds, increase with increasing degradation temperature, while the other decrease, as shown in Fig.5.
Some properties of oily products and reactor contents were elucidated and are shown in Table 5, and numbers of double bonds per molecule are plotted in Fig.8.

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Solid complex formation of organic acids with several a-amino acid was studied by X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and differential thermogravimetry.
Succinic acid forms solid complexes with (±)-a-amino-n-butyric acid, (±)-valine and (±)- norvaline in a molar ratio of 1: 2, while glutaric acid forms solid complexes with glycine and (+)-a-amino-n-butyric acid in a molar ratio of 1: 1. The complexes of succinic acid and glutaric acid have a peritectic point. Maleic acid forms solid complexes with glycine, (±)alanine, (±)-a-amino-n-butyric acid, (±)-valine, (±)-isoleucine and (±)-leucine in a molar ratio of 1: 1. The complex of glycine has a peritectic point.
It was inferred that that the solid complexes of succinic acid, glutaric acid and the complex of maleic acid with (±)-leucine were formed through intermolecular hydrogen bond between the carboxyl group in organic acid and the carboxyl group of amino acid, while the complexes of maleic acid with the amino acids except (±)-leucine were formed by proton-transfer from the carboxyl group in organic acid to the carboxylate ion of the amino acids.

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The present paper deals with the determination of dissociation constants in terms of potentiostatic titration at constant ionic strength. This method is an improved Kankare's ones, and is simpler than the Kankare's, since the degree of dissociation is needless for calculation of dissociation constants. If hydrogen ion concentration [H] of an acid solution is known, the following equation is applicable for the determination of cumulative dissociation constant of a polybasic acid HnA:
E KJBI-F[011i]. [H]i-t. fl=[H][OH]where Ci:
concentration of the acid solution, : cumulative dissociation constant at i-th dissociation. When the above simultaneous equation is solved for at least n pieces of Ci, fit (i=1, 2, n) can be obtained. If Kankare's data on acetic acid (monobasic acid) and citric acid (tribasic acid) were applied to the above equation, the obtained dissociation constants were more precise than the Kankare's results, especially in the case of citric acid. Further, the dissociation constants of tartaric acid (dibasic acid) were determined to be M=2.8390.011 and 02=6.771 0.013 at 25° C in O.1 moll KCl solution.

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Kinetic deuterium effects in the solvolytic reaction of 1-chloro-1-(4-phenoxyphenyl)ethane in DMSO, acetonitrile, nitromethane, and DMF were found to be 1.26-1.37, which were larger than those in protic solvents. The difference may be attributed to the solvation of the transition state by protic solvents to reduce the electric charge of the carbonium ion intermediate.

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Heating of 8- (N-allyl-p-substituted phenylsulfonyl- or N-allylmethylsulfonylamino) quinolines [2] in neat under nitrogen resulted in the formation of tarry products. On the other hand, 7-allyl- [3] and 7-trans-propenyl-8- (p-substituted phenylsulfonyl- or methylsulfonylamino)- quinolines [4] were obtained in reasonable yields when [2] was heated in N, N-dibutylaniline with a small amount of Ph3P. Among them, the methane sulfonamide was found to be thermally most stable and gave the highest yield of the rearranged products.

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The reaction of methylbis (trimethylsiloxy) silane with styrene and fluorinated styrenes by the use of platinum catalyst was carried out. The ratios C2 a to C2 I9J in the products C 2 were correlated to the electronic effect of the substituents, p- and m-F, and m-CFs.

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Copolymerizations of styrene (St) with acrylonitrile (AN), methyl methacrylate (MMA) with AN, and MMA with St in the presence of surfactant (sodium oleate or sodium tetrapropylenebenzene sulfonate) with or without sodium dithionite were investigated in an aqueous medium without any ordinary radical initiator. The monomer reactivity ratios obtained are r, =0.45.0.49, r2= .06-0.01 for St (M, ) -AN (MO) system and 7-1=1.26, 1.2= 0.10 for MMA (MO) - AN (MO) system, which suggest the copolymerization may proceed via radical mechanism. It may be supposed that the radical is formed by the interaction of sodium dithionite and the monomer in a micelle.

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