The changes of component concentrations of Zeolite X in the crystallization and the dissolution of the solids, which was obtained after various reaction times, into 1 N hydrochloric acid solution were studied. Samples were prepared from two kinds of silica sources ethyl orthosilicate which was probably a monomer at the beginning of hydrolysis and a silica sol which was a polymer. They showed different chemical behaviors in the formation of solid phase and liquid phase. In the early stage of reaction, the solid phase obtained from ethyl orthosilicate was constructed with ordered skeletons of aluminosilicates, and little contained amorphous substances. On the contrary, the solid phase obtained from silica sol contained amorphous substances that did not participate in the aluminosilicate framework. These results were due to the differences in the gelation kinetics and of the structure of aluminosilicate at the beginning of reaction. Thus, it is obvious that there is a difference in the mechanism of Zeolite X crystallization between the cases using ethyl orthosilicate and silica sol or silicates. In case of ethyl orthosilicate, it was considered that silica derived from ethyl orthosilicate and aluminate ions were directly combined to form secondary building units in alkaline solution, and subsequently Si-O-Al bonds in the aluminosilicate skeleton were readily formed.
On the other hand, in case of silica sol, as the gel skeleton formed from it consisted of silicic polymer, the skeleton was always contaminated by a large amount of amorphous substance.
The crystals obtained from ethyl orthosilicate and from silica sol showed the relative crystallinities of 132% and 85%, respectively as measured by the X-ray diffraction method, by using LMS 13 X as a reference standard.
Exothermic peak observed about 830° C (crystal amorphous material) by DTA method were enormously obscure in shape. The area of the peak was smaller for the crystals obtained from silica sol than for that from ethyl orthosilicate.

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Heat of formation of phenyl radical was determined precisely by measuring the rate of unimolecular decomposition of bromobenzene in the temperature range of 1300 to 1600° K. Bromobenzen diluted with argon was heated behind the incident shock wave and the change of the concentrations of bomine atom and biphenyl produced were measured quantitatively. Bromobenzene was found to decompose through the chain reactions initiated by the unimolecular decomposition of bromobenzene i. e.
(I) C6H₅Br + M Br + C6H₅ M,
C6H₅Br + Br C61-15 + Br₂, C6H₅Br C6H₅ Br + (IV), Br₂ M 2 Br + M,
(v, -v) Cl2H1 4=k 2 C6I-18.
Rate constants, kI, k11, and kin were; determined with, aid of computer simulation. Then, by applying the theory of RRKM unimolecular reaction, the rate constant at high pressure limit, ki, was determined. The following Arrhenius expression was obtained by combining the data reported by Ladacki et al. with the present results, in a wide temperature range.
kT=10'8.6 exp(-71. 5 1. 5 kcal/RT) sec-1, (1000< T<1600°K).
From the activation energy of kT, the heat of formation of phenyl radical was calculated to be 72. 5 1. 5 kcal/mol.

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Formation of carbon monoxide from the reaction of molecular oxygen and. phenyl radical produced by the decomposition of bromobenzene was studied by the shock tube method. The rate of formation of carbon monoxide was determined as functions of the concentration of phenyl radical and of molecular oxygen. Experimental conditions were as follows temperature range: 1300-1500° K, ratio of molecular oxygen to bromobenzene: O.2-1.0, and initial concentration bromobenzene: (2.5-5.0) x 10-8 mol/ml. The rate of formation of biphenyl was almost of independent of the concentration of molecular oxygen in the initial stage of the reaction, so that biphenyl can be approximated to be produced by the following reaction (III),
Therefore, concentration of phenyl radical can be estimated by the next equation,
The overall rate equation was determined to be
The reaction to produce carbon monoxide from phenyl radical and molecular oxygen is not a simple elementary reaction but a complex one such as,
If kc>kb, one obtains the next rate equation by the steady state treatment,
This expression fits the experimental result.
The rate constant of the addition reaction of molecular oxygen to phenyl radical is obtained by using the values reported by Tokumaru et al. at low temperatures and the present results as follows,

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The influence of the reaction temperature, inlet oxygen/ammonia ratio, and W/F on the oxidation of ammonia over various transition metal oxides was investigated by flow technique. Activity for the oxidation of ammonia was found to be limited by the oxidation power of catalyst; a close relationship was obtained between the activity and the width of forbidden band of the oxides. On the other hand, the selectivity of the reaction was shown to be mainly determined by the activity of the catalyst for NO-N1-18 reaction. A model for the reaction paths of the oxidation of ammonia which include NO-NI-18, NO-O^2-, and NO^2-N1-13 reactions was proposed on the basis of the experimental results.

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Ordinary pulse reaction technique has been improved without the loss of the merits of pulse technique. A rectangular pulse (the width of which is more than 20 sec) was produced by using a rectangular pulse reaction apparatus developed in the present work. This technique has been applied to the NO-NH, reaction on vanadium oxide catalysts with various oxidation states. In order to investigate the NH₃ oxidation sites, the NO reduction sites and the mechanism of NONH, reaction on vanadium oxide catalysts, results of NO-NH, reaction and of the reaction of NH, or NO over vanadium oxide catalysts with various oxidation states have been compared with the quantities of surface species such as V=0, V-OH, V-H and V4+ examined by IR, ESR, and X-ray diffraction. The rectangular pulse technique was found to give useful information to the analysis of the NO-NH, reaction under the dilute gas condition in the industrial NO removal process.

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3, 4-Dichloro-1-butene (3, 4-DCB) was co-pyrolyzed with diethyl ether on activated alumina. to dehydrochlorinate into 2-chloro-1, 3-butadiene (CP) and 1-chloro-1, 3-butadiene (CB), accom- panied with isomerization into cis- and trans-1, 4-dichloro-2-butenes (1, 4-DCI3). As hydrogen chloride was converted into ethyl chloride, the dehydrochlorination was more favorable than the isomerization of 3, 4-DCB into 1, 4-DCB owing to the displacement of the equilibrium from the case of the ordinary cracking.
The co-pyrolysis was carried out under various conditions in order to find the optimum conditions for CP formation and to elucidate the reaction mechanisms. It was suggested that a β-hydrogen of 3, 4-DCB was abstracted by the nucleophilic attack of diethyl ether, chlorine being removed at the same time.
The results obtained were summarized as follows.
( 1 ) As the base amount of activated alumina increased, the selectivity for CP increased (Table 1).
( 2 ) The yield of CP was increased with increasing the mole ratio (Et20/3, 4-DCB) (Table 3).
( 3 ) The amount of the CP produced decreased with increasing the time factor (W/F) owing to the isomerization of 3, 4-DCB into 1, 4-DCB (Table 4).
( 4 ) The rate constant of the dehydrochlorination was given by the following equation.

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To apply photochromic benzospiran compound to a reversible image recording medium, it is important to control the stability of its photocolored state. The use of photochromic metal chelate is effective method to prolong the life of colored species. The formation of metal chelate of a benzospiran compound containing 6-nitro-8-methoxy substituents (1', 3'-dihydro-1', 3', 3'- trimethy1-6-nitro-8-methoxyspiroPH-1-benzopyran-2, 2'-[2]-11indole: SP-2)has not beenknown in liquid state.
This paper deals with the photo-induced chelating reaction of SP-2 with Cu( II ) ion in tetrahydrofran solution containing hydrogen chloride (HCl). By photoirradiation, a colorless specimen containing SP-2, copper (II) acetylacetonate [Cu(acac)2], a chelated compound, and HCl tinged with blue or magenta. These colors were due to the coexistence of different colorproducing products; the one was a simple open-ring species of SP-2 ([A], blue, Am ax=600nm) and the other was a complex between SP-2 and [Cu(acac)2] ([B], magenta, Amax=-510 nm). Both of them faded away thermally. Their rates of decoloration were of first order. [B] was more stable than [A] and its rate constant of thermal decoloration was smaller by a factor of 1/5 than that of [A] at room temperature. Upon increase of HCl content in a specimen, [B] appeared as a single product at the specific molar ratio of HCl to [Cu (acac)2] (HCl/ECu(acac)0 = 3.7). From the relation between absorbance of photoproduct [B] at 510 nm and [Cu(acac), ]. content in a specimen, the maximum value of absorbance appeared when the molar ratio (SP-2/ [Cu(acac), ]) was equal to 2.
Therefore, the product [B] would be a chelate whose SP-2 to Cu (TI) ion ratio being 2: 1. The chelation would occur at two stage: first, SP-2 changed photochemivlly into the blue colored species [A] and next it reacted with [Cu (acac)2] in terms of a ligand exchange reaction, and changed into the magenta colored chelate [B]. The contribution of HCI was very important with regard to two effects; the one was the stabilization of chelate as a result of the formation of chloride salt and the other was the promotion of chelation by producing an acidic atmosphere.

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Electrochemical behavior of N, N'-dimethyl-9, 9'-biacridinium dinitrate (DBA2.2 NO, -) was investigated by means of cyclic and rotating ring-disk electrode voltammetry and constantpotential coulometry.
On the cyclic voltammogram of lucigenin dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), two peaks were observed at -0.51 V vs. Ag/AgNO, on the cathodic scan and at +0.21 V on the anodic scan. Results of coulometry confirmed that the overall processes of reduction from DBA" to N, N'-dimethyl-9, 9'-biacridinylidene (DBA) and of oxidation from DBA to DBA" require transfer of two electrons. However, the result of voltammetry suggested that the reduction process proceeds via the intermediate, N, N'-dimethyl-9, 9'-biacridinium radical cation (DBA) Results with the mixed solution of lucigenin and 1, 1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) sug-gested the existence of electro-chemically generated DBA. Next two types of redution steps are proposed as the most probable mechanisms. It is not clear at present which is more probable.
Voltammograms of lucigenin in the aqueous solution were quite similar to those in DMSO, aside from the effect due to adsorption. When the sample was left for 24 hours in the alkaline solution of pH ca.8, another new peak at +0.92 V (vs. SCE) was observed on anodic scan.

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The percentage extraction of rhenium(VII) from sulfuric acid solution by 0.05 mol/l solution of trioctylamine in benzene has been investigated as a function of sulfuric acid concentration at 20° C. It was found that the percentage extraction is maximum in the range of 0.25 mol/l to 1 mol/l sulfuric acid solutions. Keeping concentrations of amine and sulfuric acid solution constant, and changing concentration of rhenium(VE ), the extracted quantity of rhenium in the organic phase has been examined. It was proved that amine combines to form a compound with amine Re= 1: 1, the extracted species is comfirmed to be perrhenic acid from the results of ultraviolet and infra-red spectra studies of the organic phase.
In addition, the comparison of stripping of rhenium(W) was made by using potassium hydroxide and perchloric acid solutions and recognized that the former solution is superior to the latter solution for the back-extraction of rhenium(VII).

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The growth of zirconium carbide crystals from the gas mixture of ZrCl4, H₂ and CH, was studied by using a flow method. Graphite plate and mullite tube, both heated externally, were used as substrates. The deposits on graphite plates mainly consisted of coatings. On the mullite tube, coatings deposited above 1000° C and whiskers with diameters of 0.5-30 pm grew above 1200° C. The whisker of zirconium carbide grew most easily at the gas composition of [ZrCI, ]/ [CH, ]=1. The growth rates of whiskers showed maxima against the concentration of zirconium tetrachloride and that of methane. The growth rate lowered rapidly with decreasing hydrogen concentration. Zirconium carbide whiskers had square cross-sections, grew preferentially toward [100] direction, and had side faces of {110}. The maximum linear growth rate was ca.3.8 10-5 cm/sec and the growth rate toward the direction of diameter was lower by a factor of about one-seven hundredth than that toward the direction of long axis.

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A method of preparing spherical particle of cadmium sulfide proposed. Orange colored spherical particles of cadmium sulfide with the diameter between 0.2 to 4 pm was obtained as precipitate from aqueous solutions of cadmium soluble salts [Cd (NOE), CdSO₄] by adding hydrogen sulfide. The grain size waS decreased down to 0.1 pm by the, addition of ethanol during the precipitation reaction. Formation condition of spherical particle was influenced by the anion more than. pH value of the. reaction mixture. The hue of cadmium sulfide didn't change in the range of 0.1-4 pm in diameter.

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A mixture of CaCle x H₂0, WO^2-, K2CO₃ and KCl in a platinum crucible was heated in an electric furnace to 1150° C for 10 hours and then allowed to cool down to 700° C at a rate of 5° C/hr.
CaWO^2- crystal was produced during cooling process following reaction,
Following conclusions were obtained from the optical microscopic observation of precipitated CaWO^2- crystals.
( 1 ) In the case of solute concentration being 33.3, 30, 25 or 20 mol%, it was confirmed that the relation between average size of crystals and solute concentration approximately followed Weimarn's theory in the range of these experimental conditions.
( 2 ) In the range of 33.3 to 2.5 mol% in solute concentration, it was confirmed that the relation between average size of selected first biggest five crystals and solute concentration also followed Weimarn's theory.

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The aim of this paper is to report the distribution of trace elements in the Ogasawara Islands and the chemical behaviors of these elements.
The concentrations of 21 trace elements in stream water (19-sampling points), boninite (3 samples), laterite-like soil (4-samples), and uguisu-zuna which were collected in the Ogasawara Islands from 1975 to 1976, were determined by thermal neutron activation analysis.
The results are as follows: In the first place, when the concentrations of trace elements in the stream water in the Islands were compared with those of the Tama River and the Tone River in the main land, the concentrations of Al, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Rb, Na, Sc, V, W etc. in the former were higher by a factor of 10 than those in the latter. On the other hand, the concentrations of As and Sb in the former were slightly lower than those in the latter. For example, the high concentrations of Vanadium, in the Anijima and the Ototojima were 31, 79 ppb, respectively. And the concentrations of Tungsten, in various streams in the Chichijima and the Hahajima were found to be about 1 ppb or more. Furthermore, the concentrations of chromium were found to be about 1 ppb in all Islands, whereas chromium was not detected in the Tama River and the Tone River.
In the second place, when the concentrations of Al, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Rb, Sc, V etc in rain water collected at Omura (in the Chichijima) were compared with those in stream water collected in the Chichijima at the same time, those in the latter were higher by a factor of about 10 than those in the former. Whereas, the concentrations of As, Sb, W and Zn in the stream water were almost the same as those in the rain water. The origin of the first-mentioned elements in the stream water and rain water might be attributed to the suspension or scattering of laterite-like soil which was distributed widely in the sampling areas. The origin of the second-mentioned elements might be explained in terms of the assumption that these elements were liberated in an air due to the artificial origin, such as agriculture, fishery, and development etc.

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The principle of the potentiostatic method previously reported was employed for determining the composition of weak acid mixtures. Acid components in the mixture are denoted by m = 1, 2, , m and their concentrations by cm (m =1, .2, m). The procedure is as follows: Titration curves of pH vs. the added volume of base were obtained for the mixture and its components at a constant ionic strength. Based on the potentiostatic method, volumes of base ( v ) required to reach a constant pH value (pH) were obtained at various concentrations for each component and calibration curves of concentration vs. v were prepared, From the titration curve of the mixture, the volume of base required to reach pH' was read off and denoted by v. The concentrations, cm(m =1, 2, m), at v= v were determined from the above calibration curves obtained at pH'. On the other hand, the relation between cm and c' is expressed by
When at least m determinations of cm (m =1, 2, m) are made at different pH values, cm (m=1, 2m) are determined by solving the simultaneous equations based on Eq. ( 1 ).
This method is also applicable to the complexometric titration and can be utilized for the determination of composition of cation mixtures.

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The adsorption of 2, 2'-bipyridine, previously studied at an ideal polarized electrode, was examined again in the faradaic reduction potential region mainly by A. C. polarograph. A. C. polarograph, whose frequency being able to change, was constructed (Fig.1).
In the A. C. polarograms of 2, 2'-bipyridine at 50 Hz, three peaks were observed: one peak due to adsorption and two peaks due to electrode reduction (Fig.4). The peaks due to electrode reduction disappeared at 1 kHz, and the adsorption potential region of the reduction product of 2, 2'-bipyridine appeared (Fig.6). The adsorption potential region of the reduction product enlarged with increasing concentration of 2, 2'-bipyridine (Fig.7). The adsorption of the reduction product was confirmed by the electrocapillary curves (Fig.3) and by the differential capacity-potential curves (Fig.8).
The adsorption of 2, 2'-bipyridine and its reduction product on the electrode was considered as follows. At a low concentration of 2, 2'-bipyridine, one adsorption potential region of 2, 2'- bipyridine (ca.-0.8 V vs. SCE) and one adsorption potential region of reduction product (ca.-0.5 V) were found. At a high concentration of 2, 2'-bipyridine, two adsorption potential regions of 2, 2'-bipyridine (ca. -0.8 V and .2 V) and one adsorption potential region of reduction product (ca.5 V) were observed. Between these adsorption potential regions, peaks resulting from the difference in adsorption structure were recognized.

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By using di-t-butyl peroxide as an initiator, the addition reactions of alkylbenzenes [1 a-g] (toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, p-chlorotoluene, p-methoxytoluene, ethylbenzene) to 1, 1: dichloro-2, 2-difluorbethylene (unsym-DCDFE) and to 1, 2-dichloro-1, 2-difluoroethylene (sym-DCDFE) were carried out. The addition reaction to unsym-DCDFE afforded the corresponding 1: 1 adduct, 3, 3-dichloro-2, 2-difluoropropylbenzenes, together with telomers. From sym-DCDFE, 2, 3-dichloro-2, 3-difluoropropylbenzenes [4 a] were obtained. Un sym- DCDFE was more reactive than sym-DCDFE with respect to these addition reactions.
Under different reaction conditions by using excess sym-DCDFE and large amounts of peroxide, the cyclic adducts, 1, 2-dichloro-1, 2-difluoroindans [5 a, g, h], were synthesized in one stage from alkylbenzenes [a, g, h] (toluene, ethylbenzene, cumene). Upon dechlorination of [5 a, g, h] with zinc, 2, 3-difluoroindenes [7 a, g, h] were obtained.

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Mononitration of tn-xylene with nitric acid in the liquid mixture of m-benzenedisulfonic acid and phosphoric acid was studied.
The distribution of mononitro isomers was determined by means of gas liquid chromatography. The yield of mononitrated products was excellent and the content of 4-nitroisomer was higher than that by the usual method.
Thus, the liquid mixture (water content: 5.5-6.5%) of m-benzenedisulfonic acid-phosphoric acid (1: 3 weight ratio) and m-xylene (molar ratio of m-xylene to nitric acid: 2.5) was vigorously stirred and 98% nitric acid (weight ratio of nitric acid to the liquid mixture: 1/25 /35) was added dropwise at 10° to ° C. The yield and the ratio of 4-nitro-m-xylene to 2-nitro-m-xylene in the mononitro-m-xylene mixture were 94-96% and 6.8-7.5, respectively.

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Binary additives of 1, 2, 4-trichloro-3 H-phenothiazin-3-one (PTO-Cl) and hydroquinones (HQ) showed a potent antioxidative activity toward the autoxidation of liquid paraffin at 170° C. Since 1, 2, 4-trichlorophenothiazin-3-ol (HPA-Cl) was an effective antioxidant and converted to PTO-Cl, it was presumed that the antioxidative activity was primarily due to two reactions, one of which was the oxidation-reduction reaction between PTO-Cl and HQ, and the other was the radical termination reaction in which HPA-Cl converted to PTO-Cl. This estimate was supported by the relation between the oxidative indtiction periods and the concentration ratios in the combination of tetrachlorohydroquinone with PTO-Cl.
Oxidative induction periods had no direct relation to the equilibrium concentration of HPACI in the oxidation-reduction reaction, but might depend upon the stability of HQ toward side reactions such as oxidative decomposition (excluding redox reactions with PTO-Cl or inhibition reactions).
Upon combination with HQ, homologues of PTO-Cl having higher reduction potential did, not show a marked antioxidative activity.

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4, 4'-[9-0x0-2, 7-fluorenylenebis(iminocarbony1)]diphthalic dianhydride (FOBTA) was prepared by the solid phase condensation reaction of 4- (chloroformyl)phthalic anhydride with 2, 7-diamino9-fluorenone. Polyamide-imides were synthesized by the bulk polycondensation reaction of FOBTA with aromatic diamines at high temperatures, and the reaction conditions were investigated. As an aromatic diamine, p-phenylenediamine, 4, 4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4, 4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4, 4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 2, 7-fluorenediamine, or 2, 7-diamino-9- fluorenone was used.
The polmers, [1][6], are insoluble in such an organic solvent as DMF, DMA or DMSO, and slightly soluble in conc. H₂SO₄. Reduced viscosities of polymers increased with a rise in reaction temperature. Reduced viscosities of polymers obtained at 300° C were measured in conc. H₂SO₄ solution at 30° C and their values are O.13-0.31.
From the thermal analyses, it was found that these polymers decompose at 400-400° C in nitrogen atmosphere.

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T-Ray induced polymerization and copolymerization of formaldehyde divinyl acetal (divinyl formal) have been carried out. The measurements of infrared and NMR spectra of the polymers formed by the bulk polymerization revealed that the polymers formed in the solid state at 96° and 8° C had considerable amount of linear structure with pendant vinyl groups, while those formed in the liquid state above 0° C consisted of the cyclic monomer units. The polymer which consisted of the cyclic monomer units was formed also in the solution poly- merization at 8° C. On the basis of these results, the effects of polymerization temperature and reaction state on the structure of the divinyl formal units in the polymers have been discussed. In the copolymerization of divinyl formal with such electron-accepting comonomers as maleic anhydride and N-ethylmaleimide, copolymers containing linear structure with pendant vinyl groups were formed, while the copolymers formed in the copolymerization with such electron-donating comonomers, as styrene and phenylacetylene, contained mostly cyclic divinyl formal units. Equations have been proposed concerning the molar ratio of the linear structural unit to the cyclic one in the polymer.

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In the winter, 1975, measurements of the concentrations of sulfur compounds (SO₂, SO₃ and H₂S) in the atmospheric air were made in Yokohama area for the purpose to investigate the behaviors of these gases. The concentration of SO₂ was measured by the p-rosalinine-form- aldehyde modified method, that of SO s by turbidimetry with barium sulfate, and that of H₂S by fluorometric method which is highly sensitive and suitable for the measurement of H₂S on environmental levels. The results of the measurement are shown in Table 2. The average values within this period were 43.6 ppb (SO₂), 10.9 ppb (SO₃), and 0.87 ppb (H₂S). The relative concentration ratio of these sulfieds in the atmospheric air was 79: 19.2: 1.8. An interesting relation was observed between the concentration of SO₂ and that of H₂S the concentration of H₂S decreased in the daytime while that of SO₂ increased (Table 3 and Fig.1). In the morning (10; 00), SO^2-/H₂S concentration ratio was almost constant (30). But, during daytime (13; 00 and 16; 00) SO^2-/H₂S concentration ratio was high and the range was great (50--#200). In the evening (19; 00), the concentration of SO₂ decreased and SO^2-/H₂S concentration ratio became 30-100 (Fig.2 and 3) again. SO^2-/SO^2- concentration ratio was almost the same for varied concentrations of SO₂ (Fig.4) in the atmospheric air, while SO^2-/1-12S concentration ratio increased with increasing concentration of SO₂. Therefore, it was presumed that H₂S might be emitted from the natural sources despite SO₂ and SO₃ were emitted from the common industrial sources.

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The mechanism of title reduction was studied by bubbling NO₂ gas into an aqueous Na₂S08 solution. On the basis of the analysis of the product, the whole reaction course could be divided into three stages. In the first stage, O^2- evolved. In the second stage N2, N20, and NO evolved. In the third stage NO and NO₂ evolved, but not N2 and N20. These results indicated that the reaction between NO₂ and sulfite did not proceed in terms of such a simple mechanism, as 2 NO₂ + 4 SO^2-2- N2 + 4 SW-. The formation of intermediates was assumed by the fact that an induction period was observed during the generation of N2, N20, and NO in the second stage. Tentatively, the following reaction mechanism was proposed: first, HNO₂ and HNO₂ were produced when NO₂ was absorbed in an aqueous solution, and various intermediates were formed by the reaction between HNO₂ and 1-12SO^2-. Then, N2, N20, and NO were produced by the reaction among these intermediates and HNO₂, Finally, NO' evolved upon decomposition of HNO₂. The NO₂ was considered to be due to the bubbled NO₂ gas not absorbed in an Na₂3O^2- solution. On the other hand, the mechanism of the evolution of O^2- in the first stage different from that of the formation of N2, N20, and NO, and would be a direct reaction of NO₂ with 1-12SO^2-.

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Selective removal of nitrogen oxide (NOr) in terms of reducing agents, ammonia (NH, ), has been studied by using metal oxides, supported by natural zeolite, as catalysts. Among the catalysts examined, the natural zeolite occurred in Itado, Akita pref., Japan, which supported CuO, Fe208 and MnO (2.15, 4.19, 0.16 wt%, respectively), showed the most preferable catalytic ativity and durability for a flue gas free from SQ.
Life testing of this catalyst for 9600 hours ESV(STP) =10000; reaction temperature = 260 -0.60° C; gas flow rate= 30 m3/hr; NO=70-150 ppm; NH₃/NO (ppm/ppm) [1] for a flue gas from a methane combustion boiler, has demonstrated that catalytic activity remained almost constant after an initial slight decline and that NO reacted with NH₃ as follows
NO + NH₃ + 1/4 O^2-=N2 + 3/2 H₂0 ( 2 )
In the next, the alkali and alkaline earth metal ions in natural zeolite were converted into hydrogen ions (extent of ion-exchange was 1. O^2- meq/g) by the ion-exchange method to form H-type xeolite. For a flue gas which contained SOz and dust, it has been confirmed that the use of a support-material, such as H-type zeolite, was very effective for the suppression of catalyst from becoming sulfated and controled the decrease in catalytic activity and durability. H-type zeolite impregnated with V20, and Fe2O₃ under prolonged life testing for 3600 hours showed only a slight decrease in activity as expected [SV(STP) =1000 hr-'; reaction temperature = 360-390° C; NO = 110-150 ppm; SO₂ k400 ppm; N118/NO (ppm/ppm) =1.5-2.0].

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The microwave spectra of the normal species and five isotopic species of methyl nitrite, CH₃ONO, have been assigned between 8 and 40 GHz. Analysis of the observed rotational constants of those isotopic species has resulted in the following bond lengths and angles as the structural parameters of cis form C-0 1.430 A, 0-N 1.415 A, N.0 1.185 A, C-H (in-plane) 1.063 A, C-H (out of plane) 1.98A, LON() 115.2°, LCON 114.0°, LOCH' 1O^2-.9', LOCH, 110.2°, LH0CH0 107.90.

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The phase transitions of cx-Bi203 containing <0.01-4.20% SO₄2- on heating and cooling were examined by DTA and high temperature X-ray analysis.
The phase transition of Bi203 on cooling was remarkably affected by the existence of 0.02% or more amount of SO₄2. On cooling ce-Bi203 containing 0.02% SO₄2- and 0.060.12% SO₄2- from temperatures above the melting point (827° C) and above 810° C, respectively, 6-Bi203 transformed directly to a-Bi203 without passing through 9-Bi203. When a-Bi203 containing 0.20% SO₄2- was allowed to cool, the a transition occurred regardless of the temperature before cooling.

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It is confirmed that the reaction of picolinic acid with cis-19-[Co(Q11)2(trien)]+ gives only cis-j92[Co(pic) (trien)]". The conclusion was derived from the analysis of geometrical structure of the product through the comparison of its infrared and visible spectra, and circular dichroism peaks with those of analogous chelates.

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Epoxy prepolymer mixed with 2, 4, 6-tri-t-butylnitrosobenzene was heated up at 180° C. ESR spectral analysis of the mixture showed that the dehydrogenation of the epoxy prepolymer occurs to produce carbon radicals. The coupling constant of these radicals are a, -0.8, a, 2.0, and aH -0.4 and the radicals are
The thermal decomposition products of the epoxy prepolymer were examined by pyrolysis gas chromatography. At the initial stage of decomposition, low-boiling substances appeared, but with increasing decomposition temperature phenol derivatives appeared.

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The ammonolysis of phenol in liquid phase was investigated to find appropriate catalysts for the production of aniline. The reaction was carried out in an autoclave at 300-350° C. Among various acids and metal salts, especially chlorides, SnCl2 was the most effective catalyst, which gave aniline in a 56% yield and with a 95% selectivity at 340° C.
Cresols formed corresponding toluidines without rearrangement of methyl group.

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