Electric conduction of oil-in-water emulsions stabilized with nonionic surfactants was investigated. The emulsions were prepared by using liquid paraffin as the oil phase, deionized water or an 0.01 mol/l KCl aqueous solution as the water phase, and a mixture of poly(oxyethylene) sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan monooleate as the emulsifying agent, respectively. Temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity was measured between 10 and 100°C by means of a low-frequency conductometry.
For the emulsions prepared with an 0.01 mol/l KCl solution, a theoretical equation proposed by de La Rue et al. for the conductivity of a disperse system was proved to hold well. With the assumption that the electrical conductivity of the emulsions prepared with deionized water is proportional to the amount of surfactant contained, the theoretical equation mentioned above was also found to interpret the conductive behavior of the emulsion of deionized water well. The assumption made, however, was not proper for the interpretation of the conductive behavior of the surfactant solutions, which gave much lower conductivities than those expected from the assumption.

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Amphoteric ionization equilibria at SnO2/water interface have been investigated by means of potentiometric titration of hydrous Sn02 in perchlorate solution at 25°C. Although the oxide dispersed into the solution as a colloid at high pH because of a large surface charge density, it didn't dissolve into the solution as a stannate (IV) ion. From the dependence of adsorption densities of H⁺ and OH- on a concentration of NaClO₄, the pH value of 3.6 was obtained as that of zero charge of the oxide. On the basis of the value of the maximum adsorption density of OH- observed in Ba (ClO4) 2 solution, the number of total dissociable surface sites was estimated to be 2.0 mol per 1 kg of SnO₂. The values of intrinsic acidity constant of the surface sites, SnOH₂+ and SnOH, were pK, °=1.9 and pK2°=5.1 in 0.5 moll/ NaCl04 solution, respectively. These values imply that a surface of SnO, is more liable to ionize than that of SiO₂. The change in a surface charge density of the oxide with kind of electrolyte and its concentration is probably ascribed to the interfacial association between the ionized surface sites and electrolyte ions.

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The reactivity of various olefins for the metathesis reaction over an Re₂O₇-Al₂O₃ catalyst was determined by the use of both conventional and competitive reaction techniques and the mechanism was discussed.
The relative reactivity of 1-alkenes in the gaseous phase at room temperature increases in the fol1owing order: propene (0.05)<1-butene(0.12)<1-pentene(0.33)<1-hexene(1.00)<1-heptene(1.07). The amplitude and change of the reacttion order propene(0.47)>1-butene (0.32)>1-hexene(0.03), show that the apparent reactivity is enhanced by the physical adsorption of the reactant on the catalyst. On the contrary, the reactivity of the reactants inbenzene in the liquid phase is differs from that in the gaseous phase, and shows the reverse order, viz. 1-pentene(1.10)>1-hexene(1.00)>1-heptene(0.90)>1-octene(0.63)>1-nonene(0.44).The reaction order which decreasing in the order, 1-pentene(1.03)>1-hexene (0.95)>1-nonone(0.75), are larger than those in the gaseous phasere action.The ratio of trans to cis isomer of the products increases with the length of the alkyl substituent in bath cases.
The reactivity for and the distribution of products for the metathesis of pentenes or that of pentene with 1-nonene are also affected by the alkyl substituents. Considerations with respect to the steric hindrances to alkyl-alkyl and alkyl-surface interactions in the intermediate showed that the reactivity and the distribution of the products were interpreted not by the four-center mechanism but by the carbene mechanism.

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The mechanism of reduction of NO by NH₃ in the presence of O2 over Fe2O3-SiO2-A12O3 catalysts was studied with infrared spectroscopy, pulse and flow reaction techniques. The infrared spectra revealed that NH₃ was adsorbed as NH₄+ on iron component on the surface of the catalysts and the chemisorbed NH₄+ reacted readily with NO. Oxygen pulse had a little effect on the amount of NH₃ chemisorbed and gave little change in the adsorption state as NH₄. + The molar ratio of the produced N2 to reacting NO was maintained about unity for NO pulses supplied several times when preadsorbed NH₃ was treated with 02 pulse, while the ratio decreased from 1.0 to 0.6 when the preadsorbed NH₃ was not treated. These informations described above and results obtained from the flow reaction technique confirmed the mechanism of consecutive reactions of (9), (12), (13) and (14) described in this paper.

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The reduction of NO in automotive exhaust simulated gases over a Ru/A120, catalyst has been studied with a continuous flow reactor. Relative yields of products in the NO reduction vary with reaction temperature:
300-330°C: NH₃N2N2O
350-400°C: N2NH₃N2O
500-600°C: N2NH₃ (No N2O was detected.)
The error in the nitrogen balance calculated from the experimental data was less than 3%. It was found that the NO reduction rates could be expressed by zeroth-order with respect to the concentration of NO in the temperature range of 300-350°C, and nearly first-order in the temperature range of 400-600°C. It was confirmed that NH₃ was formed both by active hydrogen produced in the water-gas shift reaction and by molecular hydrogen added in the model gas. However, at high temperatures the molecular hydrogen formed much more NH₃ than the active hydrogen.
Further decomposition of N20 and NH₃, yielded in the NO reduction, did not take place in the catalyst bed. This suggests that N2O and NH₃ are not intermediates in the gas phase.

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The effect of γ-ray irradiation on graphite fluoride in various gaseous atmosphere was investigated by DTA, ESCA, IR, X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis. In vacuum graphite fluoride was most stable against the irradiation, and the degradation was accelerated in the following order; in Ar in O2in H₂. But until a dose of 100 Mrad of r-ray, chemical and physical properties of this compound were hardly changed. Crystallinity of (CF), was improved by irradiation (Table 1), its starting temperature of thermal decomposition became lower (Fig.4), and new peaks which indicated functional groups containing oxygen atoms were observed in ESCA spectra (Fig.2). From IR spectra of the compound, it was shown that C-OH or C-O-OH and C=O bonds were formed after irradiation (Fig.3). Gaseous compounds and amorphous carbon were produced by r-ray irradiation of (CF), Th. The formers were SiF4, CF4 and CO₂, and among others, COF2 was observed in oxygen atmosphere. The initial step of degradation should be mainly cleavage of C-F bonds, and that of C-C bonds at the edge site of layer structure of the compound, and the residual carbon atoms construct amorphous carbon. From the reaction of evolved F atoms with Si02 of glass wall, SiF4 and oxygen are formed. Radicals containing one carbon atom formed by the C-C bonds cleavage react with F atoms to form CF4. In hydrogen atmosphere, F atoms immediately react with hydrogen. In oxygen, radicals in (CF), are attacked by oxygen to form peroxyl radicals, and then are decomposed to CO₂ or COF2.

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The formation solid solution in fluor-phlogopite (KMg3A1Si3O10F2)luor-tetrasilicic mica (KMg2.5Si4O2) system was investigated with their single crystals, polycrystalline and mixed powder specimens by solid state reaction. Electron probe X-ray microanalysis, X-ray diffraction measurement and scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the reaction products.
The following results were obtained. (1) The reaction process in this system was diff usion-controlled, and the apparent activation energy for single crystals and polycrystalline was 80 kcal/mol and 110 kcal/mol, respectively. (2) The solid solution in this system was formed through substituting Si4+ ion at the tetrahedral site of fluor-tetrasilicic mica by Al- ion at the tetrahedral site of fluor-phlogopite and the vacancy at the octahedral site of fluor-tetrasilicic mica by Me ion at the octahedral site of fluor-phlogopite. (3) For the mixed powder specimen of both micas, the reaction rate was more rapid as the particle size became smaller and a plot of logarithmic values of reaction period up to the end of solid state reaction vs. firing temperature gave a straight line in each particle size. Moreover, as the solid solubility proceeded, the particle shapes of micas were made more round and the hexagonal plate crystals of micas were clearly observed at the end of soild state reaction.

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An attempt to grow high quality single crystals of NaLn (WO4)2 (Ln=La, Nd and Gd) was made by slow cooling of the high-temperature solutions of the ternary system Ln2O3-W03- Na, CO3 and an optimum range in composition of the solutions was determined. The temperature conditions for crystal growth were as follows: Soaking temperature: 1150°C, Soaking period: 10 hours, Cooling rate: 5°C/hr, Cooling range: 1150-500°C.
Results obtained were summarized as follows: (1) The most suitable composition of the solutions to grow NaLn(WO), single crystals was in the vicinity of Ln200(5 mol%)-WO, (65 mol%)-Na, CO, (30 mol%). (2) Maximum sizes of NaLn (WO4)2, crystals obtained were about 4 mm for La and Gd and 6 mm for Nd. These crystals were colorless, transparent or trunslucent for La and Gd and red purple, transparent for Nd. The shape of these crystalswas either bipyramidal or truncated bipyramidal. (3) Lattice parameters of NaLn(W04)2 crystals were a=5.350A and c=11. 6, A for La, a=5. 300A and c=11. 52 A. for Nd and a=5. 240A and c=11. 3, A. for Gd. (4) Densities of NaLn WOO, crystals, picnometrically determined, were 6.56 g/cm3 for La, 6.70 g/cm3 for Nd and 7.21 g/cm3 for Gd. These were in good agreement with the calculated densities (6. 54, 6. 80 and 7. 20 gicm3, respectively) (5) DTA data showed that NaLn(W04), crystals had melting points of 1215- 5C for L 1235 5-C for Nd and 1232 5C for Gd.

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X-ray powder data showed that huttonite (monoclinic form ThSiO₄) and monoclinic form Cao.5Tho.5PO₄ were isostructural with monazite (monoclinic form CePO₄). In the CePO₄ ThSiO, and CePO₄-Cao.5Tho.5PO₄ systems, perfect solid solutions were made up at 1400°C for 7 days in air. Chemical formulae of solid solutions were given, by (Ceix, Thx) (P1Sis)04 or dei r, Cao. Tho.50PO₄. Their densities increased and unit cell volumes decreased with increasing Th contents. Natural monazite free from Th is very rare. There were a lot of natural monazite having a 1: 1 mole ratio of Th and Si. These monazite seemed to be a case of solid solutions as described (Ceix, Thy) (Pi-s, Six)°, On the other hand, unusual, natural monazite having the chemical formula, (Ro.40, Cao, 27, Tho. U0. os, Pb0.0, ) (P o.91, 0.91, Si0.08)04 was reported by Bowie et al (1953). This so-called unusual monazite seemed to be a similar case of solid solutions as described (Ce Cao., x, Tho.6x)PO4.

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Thirteen pyrimidine compounds having a functional group, -C(=0) -C (NO) -C (.0) -, in a pyrimidine ring were synthesized.
To use as a reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of iron (II), their acid dis-. sociation constants, molar absorptivities of complex, optimum pH for complex formation, and compositions of the complex were studied by the comparative method.2-Thioxo-5-nitroso-1- methylperhydropyrimidine-4, 6-dione (TNMP) reacted with iron (II) to form a water-soluble blue complex. Iron (II)-TNMP complex had an absorption maximum at 660 nm against a reagent blank and showed a constant absorbance over the final pH range from 9.5 to 10.5. It obeyed the Beer's law over the range from 0 to 3 pg/m/ of iron (II) at 660 nm; the molar absorptivity of the complex and the sensitivity for log (I/0/I) =0.001 were 2.66 x 104/ and 2.10 x 10-3 pg cm^-2, respectively. The coefficient of variation was 0.48% for 1 pgiml of iron (II). A large amount of mercury (II) interfered with the determination, but this could be masked by the addition of a 1 N hydrochloric acid. The ratio of iron (II) to TNMP in this complex was estimated to be 1: 3 in terms of the continuous variation method.

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Voltammetric detector using wall jet electrode (glassy carbon) was utilized for determination of a small amount of aminophenol isomers. Individual aminophenol isomers were sepaiated with, u-Bondapak Cl. as stationary phase and aqueous solution containing 0.1 mol/dms perchloric acid as eluent. Potential of the working electrode was set at + 1.0 V vs. SCE.
The linear dynamic range between limiting current and concentration was about 1 x103 (2x x 10-7g) and minimum detectable amount for m-aminophenol was found to be 2 x 10-10g and 5 x10-'°g for o- and p-aminophenols, respectively. Voltammetric detector was more sensitive than UV detector (254 nm).
A small amount of o- and p-aminophenol in m-isomer were selectively determined by means of selection of applied potential of detector. This method was also applied to the determination of a small amount of impurities (aminophenol) in high purity atninosalicylic acids.
Voltammetric detector using wall jet electrode is useful for selective and sensitive determination of electrochemically active compounds as aminophenols.

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Methyl oleate was plasma-oxidized under glow discharge to elucidate the reaction of excited oxygen with the long-chain alkyl group containing one olefinic double bond. The material did not change its weight after 3 hours oxidation, while 96% of the methyl oleate was oxidized during the period. An effective accumulation of low-grade intermediate oxides in the oily sample material appears to prevent the loss of high-grade oxides by gasification experienced in the ordinary plasma ashing of organic materials. The oxidation rate of methyl oleate accurately followed the first order reaction. The result is compatible with the hypothesis that oxides formed at the surface of the sample are transported rapidly into the oily sample by diffusion or convection so that the concentration of the oxides is consistently uniform throughout the sample during the oxidation. The methyl oleate sample oxidized for 30 min was subjected to gas chromatography. Three peaks of main oxidation products were obtained and were shown by ¹³C-NMR to be methyl cis-9, 10-epoxystearate, methyl trans-9, 10-epoxystearate and methyl 9 (or 10)-oxostearate. The chemical constitutions of these oxidation products also implied that molecular rearrangement took place during the addition of oxygen to the olefinic double bond.

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The reaction conditions were optimized for the industrial preparation of styrene oxide (2) and 1-phenyl-1, 2-ethanediol (3) by means of oxidation of styrene (1) with peracetic acid.1-Phenyl-1, 2-ethanediol (3) was obtained in a good yield when peracetic acid was diluted with 10 times its amount of water. Other effects of solvents, peracetic acid to styrene ratio, concentration of acetic acid and temperature were also invesilgated, and the optimum conditions were determined as carrying the reaction of styrene (1.0 mol/l), per acid (1.0-1.2 mol/l) and water (15 mol/l) in ethyl acetate in the presence of acidic catalysts.
In order to obtain styrene oxide (2) in a good yield, the concentration of acetic acid and water had to be supressed. The effects of solvents and temperature were also investigated. In the solvent system acetone-acetic acid, the product distribution was studied throughly. The main by-products were monoacetates of 1-phenyl-1, 2-ethanediol (5 a) and (5 b) and 2, 2-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1, 3-dioxolane 4, especially in acetone. The solvolysis of styrene oxide, which is the intermediate of the glycol formation, was also investigated.

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The hydrogenolysis of 4-benzyl-2, 6-piperazinediones[1] over palladium carbon afforded 4-unsubstituted 2, 6-piperazinediones [2] in a high yield. The amino group in 1-phenyl-2, 6-piperazinedione [2 b] was alkylated with benzyl chloride and phenacyl bromide but not with simple alkyl halides. Reaction of [2 b] with methoxychloromethane in acetone in the presence of potassium carbonate afforded 4- (3-oxobutyl) -1-phenyl-2, 6-piperazinedione [3]. When heated with glacial acetic acid, [2 b] gave 1, 4-bis(phenylcarbamoylmethyl)-2, 5- piperazinedione [4].

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1-Isopropenylnaphthalene was vulcanized with sulfur at 190° C to give 1-methylnaphtho[2, 1-b]thiophene [1 a] and 4-(1-naphthyl)-1, 2-dithiole-3-thione [1a].2-Bromo-1-methylnaphtho[2, 1-b]thiophene [1 b], obtained by the bromination of [ 1 a], afforded 1, 2-dimethylnaphtho[2, 1-b]thiophene [1 c] by the Grignard reaction. Similarly, 3-methylnaphtho[1, 2-b]- thiophene [2 a], 2-bromo-3-methylnaphtho[1, 2-b]thiophene [2 b], 2, 3-dimethylnaphtho[1, 2-b]- thiophene [2 c] and 4-(2-naphthyl)-1, 2-dithiole-3-thione [3 b] were obtained from 2-isopropenylnaphthalene. In order to confirm the site of the bromination in [1 b], 5-bromo-1- methylnaphtho[2, 1-b] thiophene 61 was independently synthesized from 4-bromo-1-isopropenylnaphthalene [ 5 ], and the spectral data of [6 ] were compared with those of [1 b]. The picrate of [ 5] showed a wide melting point range and [ 6 ] did not yield its picrate. The complexes of 2, 4, 7-trinitro-9-fluorenone with [ 5 ] and [6] had the sharp melting points of 124.5-125.5° C and 189-190° C, respectively.

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An activated carbon of granular form was impregnated with some nickel salts and was heated in an atmospheric hydrogen flow at the rate of 2.2° C/min up to 1000° C to examine the catalytic activity of Ni for gasification. Methane was formed in two stages; first one between 400 and 700° C and the second one above 800° C (Fig.1). The conversion in the first stage of Ni(NO3)2 -impregnated carbon was very small when the Ni content was less than 1.5%, but when the Ni content was more than 1.5%, the conversion increased with increasing the content. The conversion in the second stage depended on Ni content in a different way (Fig.2). In the case of carbon treated with nitric acid, the region of nickel content within which the activity was insignificant extended up to 4%, but, for Ni content more than 4%, the increase in the reactivity of treated carbon with Ni content was much larger than that of untreated one (Fig.3). Ni, CO, (OH), impregnated to carbon from an aqueous ammonia solution was as active as Ni(NO, 3)2, while NiCl2 and other salts were mostly inactive for the first stage reaction (Table 1). However, when the amount of NiCl2-impregnated specimen charged for gasification was reduced, the conversion in the first stage increased fairly (Fig.4). This was attributed to a lowering of the reduction temperature of the salt, resulting in a better dispersion of Ni on carbon surface. Apparant magnetic susceptibility increased during the first stage reaction, suggesting a change in the dispersion of Ni, while it decreased during the second stage, suggesting a change in the bonding state of Ni (Fig.5).

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A new amino acid was synthesized as follows: Treatment of bis(glycinato)copper(II) with acetaldehyde (6.3 molar eq.) in water gave an adduct. The adduct was converted to a chelate compound of copper (II) by treating with methanolic potassium hydroxide. The elimination of copper from the chelate with hydrogen sulfide affordded a new amino acid with the molecular formula of C6H12O4N2H2O (54% based on the adduct used) which gave a colored spot by ninhydrin very close to the initial spot on a paper chromatogram.
The formol titration showed that this amino acid contained two carboxyl groups. The amino acid was hydrolyzed to glycine and others by heating with inorganic strong acid. These results, and NMR and IR spectra of this amino acid were consistent with the structure of α-Amino-β-(carboxymethylamino)butyric acid. The presumable reaction pathway for the formation of this amino acid was dicussed.

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In a course of the investigation on the terpenoids obtained from the liverworts (Hepaticae), which belong to a unique group in ^ a avegetable kingdom, two new diterpene acetates were isolated from a methanol extract of Jungermannia infusca. Their respective, structures were determined to be (16 R) -ent-15-oxokauran-11 α-yl, acetate[ 4 ] and ent-15-oxokauren-11 α-yl acetate [5] based on the chemical and spectral evidence.

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As previously reported, upon heat treatment of calcium methacrylate (CaMA) in a solid state at 230° C for 3 hr it gave dimethyl a-methylene-8-methyladipate [2] as a dimer and trimethyl 1-nonene-2, 5, 8-tricarboxylate 4 as a trimer. In this study, the effects of heating conditions of CaMA crystal on the oligomer formation were investigated at 150-210° C. At a high temperature, 210° [2] was formed as a dimer, but at a lower temperature, below 190° C, dimethyl a-methylene-r, r-dimethylglutarate [1] was formed together with [2]. Upon heating it above 170° C a trimer was formed. On the basis of X-ray diffraction data of CaMA crystal at various temperatures, it was found that formation of [1] proceeded only under the conditions, viz, the lattice structure of CaMA crystal was maintained, but [2] was formed in excellent yield despite the lattice structure of CaMA was considerably destroyed.
A mechanical mixture of CaMA and calcium isobutyrate (CaIB) powder gave the oligomer in the same as that in the case of pure CaMA crystal. On the other hand, a crystal obtained from aqueous solution of a mixture of CaMA and CaIB gave the oligomer in extremely low yield.

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In order to develop a new type of photosensitive polymer, of which sensitivity can be amplified by thermal treatment after exposure, azide polymers with the vinyl bromide (VBr) units [1], [2] were prepared by the condensation reaction of vinyl bromide-vinyl alcohol copolymers with p-azidobenzoyl chloride, or 1-azidonaphthalene-6-sulfonyl chloride, respectively.
On UV-ray irradiation, the azide polymers became insoluble in tetrahydrofuran by the photo-decomposition of azide groups. The photosensitivity of [2] was higher than that of [1]. The gel fraction after irradiation increased with increasing azide composition in the azide polymers. This showed that the photosensitivity depended on the azide composition. Moreover, it was found by IR spectra that C=C double bond arised from the dehydrobromide reaction of vinyl bromide unit by irradiation. Thus the gel fraction was considered to be also increased by the photo-decomposition of vinyl bromide unit.
The increase of the gel fraction was observed on heating at the temperature higher than 80° C after exposure. It was confirmed that the amplification of photosensitivity by heating was effective in this system. From the measurement of electronic spectra, the effect of thermal sensitization was considered to the result from the C=C double bond arised in exposure step.

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The electron micrographs of the dispersed form of polyolefin/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)-composed materials showed that the EVA, existing as a minor component, was in a form of micro particles (less than 1μ diameter), and had good compatibility with polyolefins. From these facts, a possibility to obtain a dyeable isotactic polypropylene (IPP) fiber by melt spinning of IPP/ethylene copolymer-composed materials consisting of a comonomer, being possible to form ion or hydrogen bond with dyes, was presumed.
Improvement of dyeability of IPP fiber was tested by melt spinning of IPP/ethylene copolymer-composed materials consisting of a copolymer-containing nitrogen, and it was found that IPP/ethylene-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate copolymer fibers showed excellent dyeability toward acid- and premetallized-type dyes, having prominent color-fastness properties. On the basis of the correlation of the highest occupied energy level values ((2)ho) of antioxidants and the antioxidizing abilities, two effective antioxidants for melt spinning process were also found.

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The sediments in Hiro Bay under by the pulp mill effluent water analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The sediments were extracted with chloroform (CHCla: CI-13OH=2: 1). The chloroform extract was then concentrated under reduced pressure. The concentrated chloroform extract was fractionated on silica gel column. Each fraction was then analyzed in terms of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Identified compounds. were longiforene, isopimaradiene, dehydroabietane, retene, fatty acids (normal branched CH C164H16411 C1841, C1842) resin acids (dehydroabietic acids), aliphatic hydrocarbons (normal Cl228), and sterols t (cholesterol, β-sitosterol). The distribution of fatty acids, hydrocarbons, or terpenes in the sediments in Hiro Bay was elucidated.

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Coadsorption equilibria among mercury (II) ion, halogenide Ions, and activated carbon in the aqueous solution were studied. Amounts of halogenide ions adsorbed on activated carbon were determined by the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. Mercury concentration was determined by the alkaline reduction-aeration technique combined with the cold atomic absorption spectrometry to eliminate the interference caused by the formation of mercury halogeno complex. The amount of mercury adsorbed on activated carbon was calculated from the residual concentration of mercury in the solution.
Results indicated that the adsorption of halogenide ions on activated carbon (Fig.1 and 2) showed the remarkable influence on this coadsorption. The order of the magnitude of adsorp-- tion of halogenide ions was I- >Br^- >Cl- which coincided with that of coadsorption tendency of halogenide ions. This sugested that mercury ion interacted with halogenide ions adsorbed on activated carbon, and consequently the adsorption of mercury on activated carbon was enhanced markedly. No improvement of mercury adsorption was found in the case of fluoride ion. However, the concentration of mercury ion at the equilibrium increased with increasing concentration of halogenide ion (Fig.4-6). These indicated that the coadsorption effect markedly decreased with increasing halogenide ion concentration, namely the formation of HgX, - and HgX42- was predominant in the solution. The mercury compound which moved from the aqueous solution to activated carbon was found to be HgX2 in the range of halogenide ion concentration from 0.01 to 0.5 mol/l.

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Removal of formaldehyde by alkaline earth metal peroxides was studied; its optimum conditions and its absorption mechanisms were elucidated. The higher the relative humidity, the higher was the removal efficiency of formaldehyde by peroxides (BaO2, SrO2, CaO2) having no hydrated water. But the efficiency of its removal by hydrated magnesium peroxide did not change with relative humidity. For all peroxides the initial removal efficiency showed maximum in the case of low humidity, and the efficiency decreased gradually with time. This maximal efficiency was interpreted in terms the adsorption of formaldehyde on a surface of an absorbent. It was found that atomic oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, produced by the reaction of peroxides with water, oxidized formaldehyde to produce formic acid, and this formic acid was absorbed by alkaline earth metal hydroxides, produced by the reaction of peroxides with water. The higher the relative humidity, the higher was the removal efficiency of formaldehyde by peroxides having no hydrated water; the reason why it should be estimated by the fact, viz., the higher the relative humidity, the more was the produced atomic oxygen and hydrogen peroxide which oxidized formaldehyde.

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It was found that 2, 2'-dihydroxydiphenylmethane-5, 5'-dicarboxylic acid was exclusively formed by the reaction of excess methyl p-hydroxybenzoate with formalin, followed by hydrolysis. This method is superior to that proposed previously, because the substituted diphenylmethane is prepared in good yield without using an elaborate intermediate such as 3-halo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid.

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