It was found that Co(salen) catalyzed the formation of alkoxy-p-benzoquinone (or 2-alkoxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone) by the reaction of p-benzoquinone (or 1, 4-naphthoquinone) with some kinds of primary aliphatic slcohol. The yield of alkoxy-p-benzoquinone decreased in the following order: methoxy-p-benzoquinone>ethoxy-p-benzoquinone>propoxy-p-benzoquinone>butoxy-p-benzoquinone (Table 1). On the basis of the kinetic study on the reaction of p-benzoquinone with ethanol, the initial rate of ethoxy-p-benzoquinone formation was expressed by the following equation;
d[EtO-p-BQ]d/t=a[Co(salen)][P-BQ]po₂^1/2/(1+b-[ P-BQ])
(a and b are constants)
Activation energy was 14.2 kcal/mol in the range from 8°C to 56°C and the above rate equation agreed with that introduced by the following reaction schemes (cf. Figs.2, 3, and 5):
2 Co(safen)+O→
2Co(salen)-O ( 1 )
Co(salen)-O+ C₂H₅OH→ C₂H₅OH-Co(salen)-O ( 2 )
C₂H₅OH-Co(salen)-O P-BQ→ C₂H₅O-p-BQ Co(salen) -I- H₂O ( 3 )
The rate determining step was the equation ( 3 ). The PMR line broading of ethanol was observed in the ethanol solution of Co(salen) (Fig.7). This result was considered to support the presence of an intermediate of C₂H₅OH-Co(salen)-O complex, The complex of Co(salen) and oxygen exists as [Co(salen)]vO₂ in a solid state. If molecular oxygen concerned with ethoxy-p-benzoquinone formation, the reaction was of the first-order with respect to oxygen pressure. However, in this study, the initial rate was proportional' to the square root of oxygen pressure. Therefore, it was supposed that Co(salen)-O- concerned with this reaction. When dimethyl sulfoxide and N, N-dimethylformamide were added to the reaction system, the reaction rates increased as shown in Fig.6. However, when chloroform and benzene were added, the reaction did not occur (Fig.6). On the basis of these results, dimethyl sulfoxide and N, N-dimethylformamide were considered to have an axial configuration to oxygen, which coordinates to Co, and were considered to promote to the production of Co(salen)-O-.

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N-Methylation of aniline with methanol over NaOH/γ-Al₂O₃ was studied with a continuous flow reactor at atmospheric pressure. In the case of -Al₂O3T catalyst, the products of the methylation of aniline were N-methylaniline, N, N-dimethylaniline and toluidines. The activity of 1-Al₂O₃ decreased with increasing addition of NaOH to γ-Al₂O₃ up to 6 wt%, but only N-methylaniline was produced when the content of NaOH reached more than 6 wt%and its activity rised to a maximum at 12 wt% NaOH. NaOH/r-Al₂O₃ which contained 12wt% NaOH was poisoned by CO, in the methylation of aniline. It was found that NaOH/γ-Al₂O₃ is catalyticaly active as asolid base. The order of this reaction over NaOH/γ-Al₂O₃containing 12 wt% NaOH was zero-th with respect to aniline, and 0.5 with respect to methanol. The observed activation energy was 35.5 kcal/mol. The catalytic activity of rAl₂O₃ which contained the alkali metal hydroxide was found to decrease in the order, CsOH/γ-Al₂O₃>KOH/γ-Al₂O₃>NaOH/γ-Al₂O₃. The ionic redius of the alkali metals related closely to the catalytic activation energy. t N-Methylation of Aniline with Methanols. II.

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It was found that titanium(III) citrate developer was prepared by exposiin titanium(IV)citrate to UV light just before it was used, and that the exhausted developer could be repeatedly regenerated by exposing it to UV light.
Titanium(IV) citrate in the developer was reduced to titanium=citrate by the exposure of UV light. The rate of the photoreduction increased with a decrease in pH value. The titanium(III) citrate developer containing 5 grams of (NH₄)₂H₂edta per liter gave a good characteristic curve for developments of positive films at a pH lower than 1. Fogging in the development was suppressed by the addition of 1 gram of KBr per liter of the developer at a pH not higher than 3, but fogging was not suppressed at pH higher than 3. The regeneration could be repeated more than 15 times for the developer completely exhausted by adjusting the pH of the developer exhausted to the value not higher than 0.5, adding from 3 to 5 grams of (NH₄)₂H₂edta per liter and then exposing it to UV light. An excess of Br- ion in the developer was undesirable for the regeneration.

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Cyanide ion was anodically oxidized in solutions which contained a small amount of copper ion and were buffered at different pH; at the same time the amount of cyanide ion, destroyed per unit quantity of electricity (faraday), was measured and also qualitative and quantitative analyses of the reaction products were made. In alkaline solutions (pH 11.8-44), O.5 mol of cyanide ion was destroyed and 0.5 mol of cyanate ion was produced per faraday, but cyanate ion was not oxidized further. In weakly alkaline carbonate-buffer solution (pH 9.3), 0.5 mol of aAide ion' was destroyed and O.5 mol of ammonium ion was produced per faraday, but cyanate ion was not formed at all. Under these conditions, cyanide ion was considered to decompose into carbonate awl ammonium ions. In neutral and weakly alkaline solutions, Such as ammonium nitrate (pH 9.4), ammonium sulfate (pH 8.7), and phosphate-buffer solutions (pH 7.0), 1 mol of cyanide ion was destroyed per faraday, and oxamide as well as brown polymer (azulmin) were produced. In weakly acidic phosphatebuffer solutions (pH 5.5-6.1), 1 mol of cyanide ion was destroyed per faraday and oxamide was precipitated.1-Cyanoformamide or oxamic acid was considered as another product other than oxamide. In acidic solutions (pH 4.0-5.0 ), 1 mol of cyanide ion was destroyed, 1 mol of ammonium ion was produced per faraday, and, oxalic acid was detected.

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The reaction products obtained by heating a mixture of ilmenite and carbon in a SO2 stream at various temperatures were. examined. The possible reactions during the above process were also examined. The sulfidization of ilmenite with H₂S was investigated in a similar manner.
When a mixture of ilmenite and carbon was heated in a SO₂ stream, the formation of pyrrhotite and rutile was observed above 700°C. At 750-800°C, pyrrhotite and rutile were only obtained Sulfur was also obtained outside the heating zone, and its amount increased markedly above ca.700°C. The composition of the pyrrhotite formed was found to be Fe_0.88S. By heating ilmenite in a SO₂ stream in the presence of carbon, the reaction between 502 and carbon proceeds to form sulfur. Above ca.700°C, the reduction of Fe(III) in the ilmenite to Fe(n), and the reaction between ilmenite and the sulfur proceed to form Fe_0.88S and rutile. When ilmenite was heated in a H2S stream, the formation of FeS₂ and rutile at 200-500°C, and Feo_0.88S and rutile above 550°C were observed. At 750-4300°C, Fe_0.88S and rutile were only obtained. Outside the heating zone, sulfur was obtained and the formation of a small amount of SO₂ was observed above 200°C. The reaction between ilmenite and H₂S proceeds above ca.200°C, giving FeS₂ and rutile below ca.500°C and Feo_0.88S and rutile above ca.550°C. The SO₂ formed by this reaction reacts with excess H₂S to form sulfur. Above ca.600°C, the reaction between ilmenite and the sulfur, formed by the reaction between SO₂ and H₂S and by the thermal decomposition of H₂S, to form Feo_0.88S and rutile also occurs.

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The syntheses of solid solutions in two systems consisting of fluor-silicic mica and fluorgermanic mica as end members has been performed by means of melting method: one system was composed of fluor-phlogopite; (F-ph) and germanium fluor-phiogopite [KMg₃-ISi₃O₁₀F₂; (G-ph)] and another of fluor7tetrasilicic mica KMg₃-ISi₃O₁₀F₂; (TSM)and fluor-tetragermanic mica [KMg₃-ISi₃O₁₀F₂; (TGM)]. The resultant solid solutions has been investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectra. Further, their refractive indices and densities have been examined.
The results are summarized as follows: (1) The lattice constants of solid solutions in both the systems increase continuously with increasing amounts of fluor-germanic micas(G-ph, TGM) and the variation was found to be linear. This finding indicates that all compositions between the end members in both systems forms complete solid solution of [KMg₃-ISi₃O₁₀F₂ and KMg₃-ISi₃O₁₀F₂]. (2) The rates of change in lattice constant, a, b and c are 2.3, 1.7 and 3.3%, respectively, for the F-ph—G-ph system and 2.8, 3.O and 3.5%, respectively, for the TSM-TGM system. (3) The infrared spectra of the solid solutions in both systems are mostly assignable to vibrations in relation to the linkage between tetrahedrally coordinated metal and oxygen in the crystal structure of mica, and each absorption band shifts toward the lower frequencies with increasing amounts of fluor-germanic micas. The absorption bands observed only for intermediate compositions of TSM-TGM system in the range of to 625 to 645cm-1 are attributed to Si-O-Ge vibration. (4) The refractive indices apd densities of the solid solution in both systems bear linear relations to the molar compositions, and each of them increases with increasing amounts of fluor-germanic micas.

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Electrically conductive and transparent Sn-doped In₂O₃ films were prepared by the thermal indium(III) nitrate and tin(IV) nitrate. The mixture of acetylacetone solution of indium(III)nitrate, acetylacetone solution of tin and nitric acid, and acetone, was coated on a glass substrate, and dried at 55°C for twenty minutes. The film was heated in a electric furnace at the temperature range from 400 to 600°C. The coated solution decomposed vigorously at a temperature about 150°C, and indium oxide-tin oxide films were produced by heating above 400°C.
The film formation process was examined by thermal analysis; infrared spectrometry, Xray diffractometry and electron micrograph. The effects of substrate materials, the amounts of tin (IV) oxide, heating temperatureS and heating time on the electric resistivity of prepared films were examined.
The films prepared on the soda lime glass showed 'rather high' electric resistivity, but the fil ms on the quartz substrate or silicon oxide coated substrate showed low electric resistivity. It was confirmed that the relatively high resistivity of the former was due to the sodium ion which diffused into the films during the heating. An optimum dopant concentration of the film with the lowest resistivity was around 5 wt% tin(N) oxide in In₂O₃. The sheet resistance of the films was about 1.8 kΩ/sq at 40 nm thick and 0.4 kΩ/sq at 80 nm thick.

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Dehydration behavior of calcium hydrogenphosphate dihydrate was investigated in water it 60-90°C. Samples were collected with a syringe from the reaction apparatus at various times. Measurements were performed on pH and concentration of phosphorus and calcium ions in the liquid phase of the samples. The solid part of the above samples were analysed by X-ray diffractometry, TG-DSC and X-ray microanalyzer, in addition to the morphological observation with scanning electron microscope.
The results revealed that the dehydration of CaHPO₄·2H₂O to CaHPO₄4 proceeded via three reaction steps: (1) formation of acidic phosphorate ion, (2) dissolution of calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate), (3) precipitation of CaHPO₄.
Time required for dehydration decreased with the decreases of the relative amount of CaHPO₄·2H₂O in the liquid and with the increase of its specific surface area The logarithm of the time required for dehydration showed the correlation with the reaction temperature. The correlation slopes of them were independent of the amount of CaHPO4?2 H20 and its specific surface area. Change in pH with time of the liquid phase showed same patterns over the temperature range from 60°C to 90°C. It is assumed that the pH pattern represents the dehydration process, therefore the dehydration of CaHPO₄·2H₂O seems to be the same mechanism over the above temperature range. In addition, the measurement of the dissolution rate of CaHPO₄·2H₂O in HC1 at pH 2.0 is suggested to be an effective method for the evaluation of the powder surface.

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An amperometric titration for the differential determination of hydroquinone and p -(methylamino)phenol sulfate(Metol) in mixtures with potassium iodate has been studied. The reduction current of potassium iodate at a rotating platinum electrode (2000 rpm) was measured at +O.6 V vs. SCE. The method was based on the difference in their reaction rate with as rmateea suwreidth potassium iodate in the presence of hydrochloric acid and potassium bromide. Thus hydroquinone in the mixture was rapidly titrated with potassium iodate after adding hydrochlori c a cid and potassium bromide. The sum of hydroquinone and Metol was titrated similarly in th e presence of hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride by using anothe r aliquot. The amount of Metol was estimated from the difference of the two titrations. Mixtures containing h ydroquinone (2× 10^-4-8 × 10^-4mol/l) and Metol (2 × 10^-4 -5× 10^-4mol/l) were analyzed with a relative error less than 0.3% and t he coefficient of variation, less than 0.2%. Total titration time was about 10 minutes. Sodium sulfite, sodium carbonate, sodium tetraborate and potassium bromide did not interfere with the titration.
The recommended procedure is as follows. A mixture containing 10 ml each of 2 ×10^-3mol/l hydroquinone and 10^-4mol/l Metol is analyzed on two aliquots. To one aliquot, 20 ml of 10mol/l hydrochloric acid and water are added to make the total volume up to 50 ml. After 8 g of potassium bromide is dissolved at ca.10°C, hydroquinone is titrated with 10^-2mol/l hpotassium iodate at the titration r4te of 0.05, ml/2s. To another aliquot, 10ml of 10mol/l ydrochloric acid and water are added to make the total volume up to 50 ml. After 10 g of sodium chloride is dissolved at ca.25°C, the sum of hydroquinone and Metol is, titrated with 10^-2mol/l potassium iodate at the titration rate of 0.05 ml/2 s until near the end point of hydroquinone and then at the titration rate of 0.05 ml/10 s until the final end point is obtained.

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For the sensitive and selective analysis of high performance liquid chromatography(LC)effluents, a new detection system with resonance Raman spectrometry was developed. A micro LC was coupled with a laser Raman spectrometer by a quartz tube flow cell. This cell, connecting with a micro column directly, was simply inserted into the capillary holder in the sample compartment of the Raman spectrometer. The resonance Raman effect was measured with 488 nm line of Ar+ laser at 200 mW output. Several derivatives of 4-dimethyldminoazobenzene(DAAB) eluted from a separation column (packing: ODS silica, eluent: methanol) were detected continuously by measuring the intensity of resonance Raman scattering at 1406 cm-1, since Raman lines were observed for all compounds at about this wave number. A chromatogram obtained by this method was found to be similar to the one obtained by UV detector. The relation between the Raman intensities for 1406 cm-1 and the concentration of 2'-chloro-4-DAAB injected into LC was linear up to 260 ngl pl. A detection limit of 2 ng/g/ was obtained by this method. Moreover, rapid identification of compounds possessing almost the same retention time was made by ? means of the operation in a stop-and-go mode. By measuring Raman spectra on the condition of stopping the flow of LC at the retention time of 2'-chloro-4-DAAB and by paying an attention to the characteristic Raman lines (1253 cm-1 and 1195 cm' for 2'chloro-4-DAAB, 1224 cm' for 3'-methyl-4-DAAB), it became possible to detect above two compounds separately which could not be separated by UV detector. LC-Raman proved to be a useful detection system with both high sensitivity and excellent selectivity for colored compounds.

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The extraction of vanadium(IV) from hydrochloric acid solutions by tricaprylmethylammonium chloride (R₃R'NCl, Aliquat-336) and trioctylamine (R₃N, TOA) in benzene has been investigated under various conditions. In addition, the extraction behaviour of vanadium into the organic phase has been examined by spectrophotometry and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. From the distribution data, it is concluded that the extractions of vanadium(N) from hydrochloric acid solutions by Aliquat-336 and TOA are expressed as
VOCl₃-(aq) R₃R'NCl(org)→R₃R'VOCl₃(org)+Cl-(aq)
and
VOCl₂(aq) R₃NHCl(org) R₃NHVOCl₃(org)
The electronic spectral and ESR results suggest that the complexes, R₃R'NVOCl₃ and R₃NHCl₃, formed in the organic phase are not always stable, but easily hydrolized or oxidized.

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The surface of rimmed steel was chemically treated in a zinc phosphating bath and the physicochemical states of iron compounds in phosphate coatings were studied by means of conversion electron Mossbauer spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscope.
High spin iron(II) compound (I. S.: 1.26 mm/s, Q. S.: 3.40 mm/s, phosphophyllite: Zn₃Fe₂(PO₄)₂4H₂O) and amorphous iron(III) compound, which were estimated to lie underneath the hopeite [Zn₃(PO₄)₂.4 H₂0] layer, were observed in zinc phosphate coatings formed by the immersion of rimmed steel in Bonderite 3008 solution. The ratio of iron (II) to iron (III)in the coating increased with increasing the immersion time (15-120 s). The respective addition of oxidizing reagents (H₂O₂, NaClO₃+NaNO₂, NaNO₂ and NaNO₂+NaNO₃) into a zinc phosphating bath decreased the ratio of iron(II) to iron(III) in the coatings in the order of magnitude of their oxidation-reduction potential. Both the higher concentration of zinc ion and the addition of nickel ion in the bath prevented the formation of phosphophyllite and favored the deposition of unidentified iron (II) phosphate (presumed to be Fee (PO₄)₂·3H₂O) under the hopeite layer.
Iron(II) compound (I. S.: 1.26 mm/s, Q. S.: 2.06 mm/s) was deposited in the leading product of scholzite [Zn₂Ca(PO₄)₂·2H₂0] formed by the treatment in a calcium-zinc phosphating bath (Xca =Ca/ (Ca +Zn) =0.8). The principal axis of the electric field gradient was approximately oriented at 60° to the steel surface.
The magnetic orientation of the interfacial iron beneath the phosphate coating changed from being parallel to the steel surface to a randomly packed state with the increase of the immersion period in the phosphate bath and of the phosphate coating weight.

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A new method for the optical resolution of chiral alcohols is proposed. Reactions of optically active trans-1, 2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride[1] with racemic alcohols such as (±)-α-methylbenzyl alcohol [2], (±)-p-chloro-α-methylbenzyl alcohol[3], (±)-α-ethylbenzyl alcohol[4], (±)-borneol(5), and (±) -menthol[6] gave the respective diastereomeric monoesters. Fractional crystallization of their benzylamine salts or cyclohexylamine salts, followed by the decomposition of the salts and subsequent hydrolysis of the diastereomeric monoesters gave pure (+)- or (-)-chiral alcohols.

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A variety of poly(oxyethylene) alkyl ether carboxylic acid type surfactants, RO(CH2CH2.0)xCH, COONa (R; alkyl group, x: mole number), were synthesized from the corresponding alcohols by Williamson's method and subsequent carboxymethylation with sodium chloroacetate; R is C8, C, , , C18, and x is 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, respectively. The sodium salts of these surfactants were prepared by neutralization with ethanolic sodium hydroxide, and then purified by recrys tallization and column chromatography. The properties of these surfactant solutions such as surface tension, foam capacity, dispersion property, calcium ion sequestration capacity and detergency were measured. With an increase of oxyethylene units the --critical micelle concentration (CMC) decreased, and the: minimum surface tension at CMC increased. The foam capacity was most excellent for RC=1 2and. r=4 in each alkyl group; R=Cig being superior to R in the foam stability. The dispersion property increased with an increase of the chain length of alkyl group, and the '4effect of the number of oxyethylene units was not remarkable. Unlike the conventional soap, the present surfactants did not produce turbidity from the salt formation with calcium owing to the existence of oxyethylene units. The detergency of the surfactants of and C1 was considerably superior to that of R =C8, although it decreased slightly with an increase of oxyethylene units. This investigation indicates that these materials are noted as one of the excellent surfactants used as detergents.

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N-Alkyl-N'-aryl-3, 4: 9, 10-perylenebis(dicarboximidesE) [5a-e], [6a-e], [7a-e], [8a-e], [9a-e], and [10a-13] were prepared by the condensationo f N-alkyl-3, 4: 9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic monoanhydride monoimide[4a-e]with arylamines (aniline, p-toluidine, p-anisidine, 3, 5-xylidine, 4-aminoazobenzene, and o-phenylenediamine). The yield was: [5a-6]; 32-94%, [6a-e] 83-95%, [7a-e]; 39-95%, [8a-e]; 40-99%, [9a-e]; 43-63%, [10a-b]; 61-81%. The properties of these derivatives as a pigment were tested. All compoundss howed reddish color and N-butyl-N'-aryl-34, : 9, 10-perylenebis(dicarboximides) [5e] (λd -498 nm, Y 16, 4 %, Pe 12.9 %) and [ 6e ] (λd 608nm, Y 18.5 %, Pe 23.9%), for example, had excellent light-fastness.

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Demethylation of 6-hydroxy-5, 7, 8-trimethoxyflavones [1]with anhydrous. aluminum chloride in acetonitrile was investigated by the high performance liquid chromatographi c analysis of the resulting products.
(1) The 5-methoxyl group of acetate [10 a] of [1 a] was selectively split up to give 5, 6- dih ydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone [2 a] in high yield with 2.5-3 molar ratio of anhydrous aluminum chloride, after deacetylation of the reaction product. ( 2 ) The 5- and 7-methoxyl groups of [1 a] were selectively split up to afford a mixture of 5, 6, 7-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone [3 a] and [2 a] as a main product with about 10 molar ratio of anhydrous aluminum chloride. The mixture was repeatedly demetbyl ated under the same conditions to give [3 a] in high yield.5, 6-Dihydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone [2 a], 5, 6, 7-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone [3a], 4', 5, 6- trih ydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxyflavone [2 b], 4', 5, 6, 7-tetrahydroxy-8-methoxyflavone [3 b], 4', 5, 6- trih ydroxy-3', 7, 8-trimethoxyflavone [2 c], and 4', 5, 6, 7-tetrahydroxy-3', 8-dimethoxyflavone [3c] were synthesized from the corresponding 6-hydroxy-5, 7, 8-trimethoxyflavones [ 1 ] by the above methods. These methods can be used as a general method for synthesizing[2]and [3].

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The adsorption behaviour of poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDM) at a water-toluene interface from water phase or toluene phase was investigated by using interfacial tension (γ_W/T) as a function of polymer concentration, pH of water phase and temperature. Following results were obtained; 1) The adsorption from the water phase was much affected by the degree of dissociation. PDM did not adsorb at pH 5 or lower, but -gave the maximum adsorption at pH 8.5 giving lower γ_W/T (7 dyne/cm).2) PDM behaved as polyelectrolyte in the water phase and the γ_W/T increased with the decrease of polymer concentration.3) From the toluene phase, PDM gave a lower γ_W/T (5 dyne/cm or less)at the water (pH 5 or over)-toluene interface. PDM did not adsorb but diffused into the water phase (pH 3 or lower) through the water-toluene interface.4) The γ_W/T of interface adsorbed by PDM increased with increasing temperature. These facts indicate that the adsorption of PDM decreased with an increase of temperature.

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The graft polymerizations of acrylaldehyde onto imidazole-containing polymer such as a homopolymer of 4-vinylimidazole(VIm) and several copolymers of VIm-4-vinylpyridine, VIm1-viny1-2-pyrrolidone, VIm-styrene, VIm-acrylic acid, VIm-vinyl acetate, VIm-vinyl alcohol and VIm-acrylamide were kinetica ly studied in water-ethanol mixture at 0°C. The rate of graft p olymerization(R_p)was estimatedon the basis of the rate of consumption of acrylaldehyde at 0°C. The graft polymerizability was influenced by the kind of comonomer in the parent polymer and the composition of water-ethanol mixture. Values of Rp in ethanol were found to be in the following order: poly(VIm)>poly(VIm-vinylpyrrolidone)>poly(VIm-vinylpyridine)>poly(VIm-styrene); while water contained in the system increased the respective value of R_p. In particular, value of Rp of copolymerization system markedly increased with increasing water concentration. On the other hand, the graft polymerization of acrylaldehyde onto other copolymers such as VIm-vinyl alcohol, VIm-acrylic acid, Vim-vinyl acetate, or VImacrylamide was kinetically carried out in ethanol with 70% water at 0°C. Values of Rp were found to be in the following order: poly(VIm-acrylamide)>poly(VIm)>poly(VIm-vinyl acetate).
On the basis of the above resulsts, the graft polymerizability was discussed in terms of the conformation of the parent polymer.

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The micro-intraparticle pores hold, more or less, the stagnant phase in the inside of them. It is confirmed that there exists a rectangular hyperbolic relation between the retention time and the interdiffusion coefficient of the inert component in the carrier gas. This fact is explaned by the diffusive kinetics between the mobile and the stagnant phases. The retention time of the carrier gas (t_R), in which the time consumed for the diffusive kinetics is not included, is estimated from the asymptote of the hyperbola and the effective pore volume in the column is calculated as a product of the average flow rate and tt_R. The ratio of the effective porosity to the total porosity varies with the flow rate even in the laminar flow region.

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The polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) by cobalt(II) complexes with cyanide and acetylacetonate (acac) mixed ligands in aqueous solution at 30°C was investigated. The polymerization of MMA was initiated by the complex, whose Co/CN/acac ratio being 1: 3: 2, by the addition of a small amount of oxygen in the presence of non-ionic surface-active agent under nitrogen atmosphere.2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and excess amount of oxygen interfered with this polymerization. The composition curve of the copolymerization of styrene with MMA by this initiator agreed with that of ordinary radical polymerization. It was considered on the basis of the above results that the polymerization of MMA by this initiator proceeded through a radical mechanism.

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