NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI
Online ISSN : 2185-0925
Print ISSN : 0369-4577
Volume 1997, Issue 7
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
  • Kazunobu KATOH
    1997 Volume 1997 Issue 7 Pages 467-478
    Published: July 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Ultra-high contrast imaging system by hydrazide-nucleated infectious development has been used as a high quality film making system instead of a lith-development system for graphic arts. The hydrazide system is based on the reaction of the hydrazine compound with the o xidation product of the developer, and an imagewise production of strong fogging species. Such hydrazides are called as a nucleator.
    In this paper, the progress of the nucleation technology developed within FUJI FILM is reported, and some points such as the relationship between the hydrazide structure and the nucleation activity, the nucleation accelerators, the micro-area inhibition technology, and the low pH nucleation technology are discussed.
    Download PDF (7129K)
  • Yo AOYAMA, Sadato SAKURAI
    1997 Volume 1997 Issue 7 Pages 479-482
    Published: July 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Films in which peroxidase and several kinds of water insoluble mediators were co-immobilized were produced using cross-linked poly (vinyl alcohol). These films were attached to glassy carbon electrodes and the characterisitics of these electrodes as the hydrogen peroxide sensor were investigated.
    When 1, 4-naphthoquinone and 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone were used as media tors, cathodic current increased and anodic current decreased in the cyclic voltammogram by the addition of hydrogen peroxide because of the cyclic reaction of electroreduction and enzyme oxidation. On the other hand in the case of ferrocene used as a mediator, not only cathodic current but also anodic current increased in the cyclic voltammogram since hydrogen peroxide was consumed by a reaction with ferrocene and peroxidase before hydrogen peroxide diffuses in the vicinity of the surface of the glassy carbon electrode.
    Download PDF (1102K)
  • Masamitsu MATSUMOT, Hiromitsu MIYAZAKI, Yoshimasa KUMASHIRO
    1997 Volume 1997 Issue 7 Pages 484-488
    Published: July 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An all solid-state dye-sensitized TiO2 photo electrochemical cell was fabricated with solid polymer electrolyte. Oligoethylene glycol methacrylate (MEO) and lithium iodide were used as a solid polymer electrolyte. Ethylene glycol (E. G. ) or propylene carbonate (P. C. ) was added to the polymer to enhance the performance. In order to make a tight contact with the TiO2 porous film, the solid polymer electrolyte was polymerized after immersing the porous film in the monomer solution. The electrical conductivity of polymer solid electrolytes was found to be over 1 mS cm-1.
    The short circuit current of the cell which contained P. C. w as two times higher than the one containing E. G. The cell in which MEO was polymerized by thermal radical polymerization exhibited better currentvoltage characteristics than that produced by photo induced radical polymerization.
    For the cell prepared by thermal radical polymerization with P. C., the op en circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, and energy conversion efficiency were 0.63 V, 2.54 mA/cm2, 0.69, and 1.72%, respectively under photo irradiation of 1000 W/m2.
    A continuous photo irradiation test was carr ied out with a UV- and IR-filterd 150 W hologen lamp for over 8000 h. Though in the initial 2000 h the short circuit current decreased to 70%, no further decrease was observed by the elongated irradiation, proving the stability of the sensitizing dye. No leakage of the electrolyte was observed during this test. The long-term durability of the cell was enhanced dramatically.
    Download PDF (3985K)
  • Misao KOIDE, Reiko ISHII, Jinta UKAWA, Waichiro TAGAKI, Seizo TAMAGAKI
    1997 Volume 1997 Issue 7 Pages 489-496
    Published: July 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Inclusion complexations of α- and β-glycyrrhizinate (α-GK2 and β-GK2) or β-GK2 methyl ester (GMe) with y-cyclodextrin (γ-CyD) and 2, 6-di-O-methylcyclodextrin (DM-β-CyD) have been structurally investigated by ultraviolet (UV) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Based on a close relationship between the UV-absorption wavelength or the CD-intensity and the polarity of the local microenvironment around the enone moiety in the triterpenoidal part, it is found that β-GK2 forms only 1: 1 complexes with γ-CyD and DM-β-CyD, while GMe and α-GK2 form quite a stable 1:1 complex with γ-CyD, accompanied by weak complexation with a 1: 2 stoichio-metry. The location of the CyD torus on the triterpenoidal skeleton is determined with the help of force field molecular mechanics calculations.
    Download PDF (1920K)
  • Shigeaki YONEMORI, Yasuyuki TAKIMOTO, Kyon Hun MIN, Yukio JITSUGIRI, T ...
    1997 Volume 1997 Issue 7 Pages 497-501
    Published: July 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A hydoxyl radical, which acts as an active oxygen radical, has been investigated in an electrolyzed strong acid aqueous solution by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The hydroxyl radical is detected as two different spin adducts of 5, 5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline 1-oxide (DMPO) and N-[ (1-mddo-4-pyridinio)methylene]-t-butylamine N-oxide. The amount of DMPO-QH spin adduct has not been changed. for ca.10 days in sealed bottles. The DMPO-OH spin adduct is gradually increased after DMPO addition into the solution where sodium sulfate is used as an electrolysis promoting reagent instead of sodium chloride. It is suggested that the hydroxyl radical is produced from a precursor like a peroxodisulfate ion, which is derived from the sulfate. The amount of generated hydroxyl radical can be controlled by current density and sulfate concentration in the supplied water, where sodium chloride is used in general as the promoting reagent.
    Download PDF (1368K)
  • Satoshi TAKAHASHI, Takashi IWASA, Yuko KANAZAWA, Yoshio UMETSU, Eiichi ...
    1997 Volume 1997 Issue 7 Pages 502-507
    Published: July 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    From the viewpoints of removal, recovery and preconcentration of organic anions (An-) in water, the direct fixation into the precipitates of layered zinc hydroxide by a coprecipitation has quantitatively been investigated. When the solution of 8-200 mmol dm-3 Zn (NO3)2 was added dropwise into the solution of 1-250 mmol dm-3 organic anions at 25°C with stirring, the saturated aliphatic carboxylate ions with long carbon chain such as sebacate and dodecanedioate, the aromatic carboxylate ions such as terephthalate and also the anionic surfactants such as dodecylbenzenesulfonate and dodecyl sulfate were incorporated highly in the layered zinc hydroxide precipitates. The optimum conditions were found as follows; Z n2+/ A 2- molar ratio:>1.6, Zn2+/A- molar ratio> 3.2, and pH 6-7. The pecipitates were also found to have the layer structure with large basal spacings, which crystallinity being quite high in spite of the low reaction temperature. The guest organic anions were thought to be incorporated in a perpendicular or tilted configuration to the zinc hydroxide layers or botallackite type layers as a monolayer or bilayer by coordinating their anionic functional group, to Zn2+ ion in the host layers. Therefore, if the solutions contained a lot of inorganic anions, the coprecipitation of the organic anions was not influenced and the excellent selectivity for organic anions was observed. In conclusion, the possible fixation method based on the new mechanism (coprecipitation as pillared-layered zinc hydroxides) can be proposed.
    Download PDF (3595K)
  • Mitsunobu SATO
    1997 Volume 1997 Issue 7 Pages 508-515
    Published: July 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    During the work directed towards the total synthesis of a brevetoxin B analogue, the transformation of esters and lac-tones to the corresponding ethers was examined. Conversion of esters/lactones to their carbothionyl ester derivatives, followed by treatment with triphenylstannane in the presence of AIBN gave the reduced product ethers in good to excellent yields. Interestingly, the use of tributylstannane, under otherwise identical conditions, did not give acceptable yields of the product ethers. Isolation of th e reaction intermediates suggests that a two-step reductive mechanism involving radicals is in ope ration.
    Download PDF (2218K)
  • Noriyuki FUTATSUGI, Masayuki HATA, Minoru TSUDA
    1997 Volume 1997 Issue 7 Pages 516-522
    Published: July 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Molecular switching mechanism of Ras protein p21 which plays an important role for the intracellular signaling cascades was studied by using semiempirical MO method (PM3 method). A conclusion of this study is that the role of Lys16 is most important in the GTPase activity of Ras p21. The mechanism of this GTPase is as follows: in the signal-on state of Ras p21, a H3O molecule coordinates with the phosphorus atom of γ-phosphate and forms a hydrogen bond with the oxygen atom of γ-phosphate which have already produced another hydrogen bond with a nitrogen atom of Lys16 (Nζ atom). There is the third hydrogen bond between this Nζ atom and an oxygen atom of β-phosphate. Subsequently a proton relay reaction occurs among these three hydrogen bonds and a bond cleavage between γ- and β-phosphates is generated to produce GDP. As the result, the signal-off state appears. Potential energy in ratedetermining step of this hydrolysis reaction from GTP to (GDP + P) was calculated to be 26.81 kcal/mol.
    Download PDF (1537K)
  • Yoon-Kab KIM, Satoru KOBAYASHI, Satoshi KUSHIYAMA, Koichi MIZUNO, Chih ...
    1997 Volume 1997 Issue 7 Pages 523-528
    Published: July 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Gas adsorption on adsorbents depends on temperatures and pressures. If the gas adsorption is controlled by another factor like electromagnetic field, the adsorption and desorption can be managed by more intentional way. In this study, microwave was irradiated to the adsorbent of an NaY zeolite which is almost transparent to microwave. As vapor of 1, 1, 2-trichloro-1, 2, 2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113) and water flowed simultaneously on the zeolite packed in a column at room temperature, only water was adsorbed. The adsorbed water was removed from the zeolite and then replaced by CFC-113, since the microwave was irradiated. Greater the power of microwave was, more CFC-113 was adsorbed. The water adsorption took place again after a latent period by stopping the microwave irradiation.
    Download PDF (1519K)
  • Toshiya OKAJIIMA
    1997 Volume 1997 Issue 7 Pages 529-531
    Published: July 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Three transition structures (TS- I, TS-. II and TS-III) for [2, 3]-Wittig rearrangement of (allyloxy)methyllithium (1) were optimized at HF/6-31 (+ ) G (* ) levels. The activation enthalpies (δH≠) were evaluated at MP2/6-31 (+)G (* ) levels. There are little differences between the optimized structural parameters but are considerably large energy differences between δH≠ evaluated at MP2 levels. Calculation shows that TS-III has the largest δH≠ among the three transition structures. TS-I and TS-II have the lower δH≠ than TS-III, though the stability and the energy differences (δδH≠) considerably change whether the polarization function (* ) or the diffusion function (+) were included or not in geometry optimization and energy calculation.
    Download PDF (595K)
  • Tomiya ISSHIKI, Hisato MIYAGAWA, Hideto SASAKI, Jiro YAMAMOTO
    1997 Volume 1997 Issue 7 Pages 532-535
    Published: July 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    When 4-methoxy-ONN-azoxybenzene (1α) in benzene was irradiated with UV light in the presence of trichloroacetic acid, it was found that 1α isomerized to 4-methoxy-NNO -azoxybenzene (1β), in con-t rast to the case of UV irradiation of 1α without trichloroacetic acid. In this reaction, 5-methoxy-2-(phenylazo) phenol (2) and 2- (4-methoxyphenylazo) phenol (3) were obtained as rearrangement products.
    Download PDF (859K)
feedback
Top