NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI
Online ISSN : 2185-0925
Print ISSN : 0369-4577
Volume 1999, Issue 11
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
  • Kaoru TSUJII
    1999 Volume 1999 Issue 11 Pages 701-713
    Published: November 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Up-to-date research results on the interactions and hybrid materials between polymer hydrogels and surfactants have been overviewed. The volume phase transition behavior of poly ( Nisopropylacrylamide)gel (NIPA) is dramatically changed on addition of some surfactants, depending upon the chemical structure of the agents. In order to elucidate the above, binding isotherms of the surfactants onto the NIPA gel have been measured. Discontinuous and reversible binding was first observed in the NIPA gel/ionic surfactant systems. The phase transition of the gel also took place at the same concentration of the agent as that of the discontinuous binding. The binding affinity of surfactan ts is, then, switched by the conformational change of t he polymer chains through its phase trans ition. This affinity switching is a g ood mimic of p rotein functions such as oxygen uptake of hemoglobin and/or catalytic process of enzymes. The increments of the phase transition temperature of the NIPA gel on addition of a surfactant are linearly related to the binding amount of the agent at the transition point. This means that the binding ability of surfactant governs the phase transition temperature of NIPA ge l. A hybrid material of polymer hydrogels and bilayer membranes has been first synthesized and characterized. A polymerizable surfactant, 2, 3-dihydroxypropyl dodecyl itaconate (DDI), forms an iridescent solution resulting from a periodic structure of bilayer membranes. This iridescent lamellar structure of DDI can be photo-polymerized by UV-light together with water-soluble monomers such as acrylamide, NIPA and NX-methylenebisacrylamide (a cross linker). The bilayer-membranes-immobiliz ed polymer gels thus obtained show some unique properties that are not obtained from either component. Anisotropic gels obtained by photo-polymerization after shear flow of the monomer mixture s show interesting anisotropic behaviors in swelling, optical and mechanical properties.
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  • Tadahiro KUROSAKA, Masatoshi SUGIOKA, Hiromi MATSUHASHI
    1999 Volume 1999 Issue 11 Pages 715-722
    Published: November 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene was performed over noble metals (Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru)-supported HZSM-5 and NaZSM-5. Among the tested catalysts, Pt/HZSM-5 exhibited the highest HDS activity. Butane was the dominant product in HDS of thiophene over Pt/HZSM-5. Selectivity of aromatics was high on Rh/HZSM-5, Pd/HZSM-5 and Ru/HZSM-5, and remarkable deactivation was observed on these catalysts. Products of consecutive reaction, mainly aromatics, were thought to be the sources of carbon deposit. Because deactivation was remarkable in HDS over the catalysts which produced aromatics.
    The IR s pectra of acidic hydroxy groups and adsorbed pyridine, and the NH3-TPD spectra show that the amount of acid site of HZSM-5 impregnated with noble metals were almost the same as that of original HZSM-5. The dispersion of Pt determined by XRD was lower than those of Rh and Pd. However, Pt was stable against hydrogen sulfide. It was indicated that HDS activity depended on the hydrogen activation ability of metals in the presence of hydrogen sulfide.
    Moreover, HDS activity depended on the dispersio n of Pt, and the acidity of zeolite affected on dispersion of Pt.
    These results indicate that a highly active catalyst for HDS can be prepared by the use of zeolite which has a large amount of acid sites and Pt which shows anti-sulfur ability.
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  • Norihisa ISHIKAWA, Tetsuya NOMURA, Ming-Jie Lit, Hiroshi MATSUSHITA
    1999 Volume 1999 Issue 11 Pages 723-731
    Published: November 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An indirect potentiometric determination of metal ions using chelate displacement reaction and a standard addition method, in which the adjustment of the ionic strength of a sample is not required, is proposed.
    When the sample of volume V, containing a metal ion M to be determined, in which N-selective electrode and a reference electrode are immersed, is titrated with the solution (Titrant-1) containing NLchelate of a concentration co, where N and L denote a metal ion and a chelate-forming ligand respectively, N is released by displacement reaction. After the electromotive forces (E1) which correspond to volumes (νf) of the added Titrant-1 are measured (the final volume of the added Titrant-1 is denoted with νf0), the same sample solution of another certain volume ( V0) is added to the titrated sample. Subsequently this solution is titrated again with the solution (Titrant-2) containing NL-chelate of the concentration c0 and M of a concentration cM and having the same ionic strength as that of Titrant-1. The electromotive forces (E2) which correspond to volumes (vs) of the added Titrant-2 are measured. E1 and E2 which correspond to νf and vst hat satisfy a condition of νs= [1+ ( V0/V)] νff0 foa re read off from two titration curves. If side-reaction coefficient of N in the solution of E1 is almost the same as that of E2, the following equation is held concerning with the concentration cx of M: _??_where νf0'f/ [1+(V0/V)], ΔE=2-E1, S is the response slope of N-selective electrode. This cx. is determined from the slope of linear plots of 10ΔE/S vs. (νff0').
    By using CuII-edta and CuII- selective electrode, co ncentrations of bismuth (III) ranging from 2×10-3 to 1× 10-5 mol dm-3 in the samples of various ionic strengths were determined with an error of less than±1 % and a relative standard deviation of less than 0.8%.
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  • Kazuaki MATSUMOTO, Yoshiaki MOTOZATO
    1999 Volume 1999 Issue 11 Pages 733-737
    Published: November 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Cellulose acetate butyrate in mixed solvents consisting mainly of dichloromethane and mixed diluents, which contain ester and alcohol, was suspended in an aqueous solution of poly (vinyl alcohol) to form droplets. Dichloromethane in the droplets was removed by evaporation to obtain cellulose acetate butyrate beads containing the mixed diluents. The beads thus obtained were saponified so as to remove the mixed diluents subsequently to prepare macroporous cellulose beads. The macroporous cellulose beads obtained were crosslinked with (chloromethyl) oxirane. By adjusting the preparation conditions, macroporous cellulose beads with the exclusion molecular weight ( (0.5-4.5)×106) were prepared. In addition, the packings with the diameter of 32-105 μm exhibit a excellent pressure-resisting property. The macroporous cellulose beads obtained were found to be useful as packing materials for gel chromatography.
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  • Takuko KIMURA, Shin-ichi YAMAMOTO, Isao OGAWA, Hirohiko MIURA, Masaki ...
    1999 Volume 1999 Issue 11 Pages 739-750
    Published: November 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Active oxygen is known to play an important role in the development of aging, carcinogenesis and inflammation. Chapeu-de-couro, inhabiting in South America has been used as valid medical herb to rheumatism or hepatitis. Recently, it was reported that chicoric acid, which was extracted from Chapeu-de-couro, showed remarkable anti lipid peroxidation ability.
    In present study, it was undertaken to prepare chicoric acid an d its analogous compounds. As a result, efficient preparative route to chicoric acid was established by using highly polar solvents, su ch as nitrobenzene, in esterification process. Then, correlation between chemical structure and antioxidant ability of these compounds was investigated by means of free radical scavenging ability test by the reaction with DPPH and anti lipid peroxidation ability test; these abilities were evaluated stoichiometrically per a unit mole of antioxidants by DPPH assay and thiobarbituric acid assay, respectively, and discussed in relation with their chemical structures, particularly focused on phenolic hydroxy, carboxylic and olefinic groups in these compounds. Catechol and hydroquinone derivatives consumed appr oximately two molar amounts of DPPH presumably to form corresponding quinones, followed by further oxidation. It was found that antioxidants having electron-withdrawing group remarkably enhanced both radical scavenging ability and anti lipid peroxidation ability.
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  • Osamu FUJINO, Hiroaki KATSUBE
    1999 Volume 1999 Issue 11 Pages 751-757
    Published: November 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The radish (Kaiware daikon) was grown in the culture solution containing lanthanoid ions at 20°C. The absorption and release behavior of hydrogen, potassium and lanthanoid ions were examined during the germination and growing period of the radish. During the germination period (ca.30 h) from the seed in the culture solution of pH 5 at 20°C, the concentration of potassium ion increased, and hydrogen and lanthanoid ions decreased. On the other hand, in the growing period (ca.1 week), almost all potassium ion which liberated from the seed to the culture solution in the germination period was absorbed to the radish, and hydrogen and lanthanoid ions were released to the solution. The correlation coefficients of correlation between the concentration of potassium and lanthanoid ions were -0.96--0.99, -0.77--1.0 in the germination and growing period, respectively, and a good negative correlation was observed between them.
    Furthermore, it was examined about the influence of the concentration of lanthanoid ions and the accumulation. As for the lower concentration than 1 ppm, it did not have an influence at all against the germination of radish and the growth. And these ions showed that it was often accumulated in comparison with the stem and the leaf of by a root. On the other hand, at concentration higher than 3 ppm of lanthanoid ions in the culture solution the radish germinated poorly and did not completely mature. When the concentration of lanthanoid ions were more than 10 ppm, a seed germinated a little, but did not grow at all.
    From the above results, the positive effect of the lanthanoid ions on the growth of radish could not be admitted.
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  • Toshiro TSUJI, Yoshiki TANAKA, Toshiharu SHIBATA, Osamu UEMAKI, Hirono ...
    1999 Volume 1999 Issue 11 Pages 759-763
    Published: November 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Polyethylene pellets have been gasified by two-stage thermal degradation process. The first stage is the conversion of polyethylene to afford liquid products, and the second stage is the gasification process of the liquid hydrocarbons produced by the first-stage.
    The distilled oil yield in the first stage was about 87 w t% at 470°C. The maximum gas yield based on the weight of polyethylene in the second gasification stage was 82 wt% at 800°C. The main components of the product gas were ethylene and methane. The optimum space time at 800°C to obtain the gas lighter than C4 components was 2.6 s. Under these conditions, the ratio of coking was less than 1 wt%.
    The two-stage pyrolyses of polyethylene produce high calorie gas efficiently with low cokin g ratio and some aromatic oils containing benzene, toluene and xylene as main components.
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  • Kazuhito AOKI, Yoshihiro ISHIMARU, Takeaki IIDA
    1999 Volume 1999 Issue 11 Pages 765-768
    Published: November 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An ion sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) combined with immobilized thermophilic enzymes was applied to the determination of β-D-glucosidic glycosides. In order to improve the stability of the biosensor, the pH-sensing gate of ISFET was covered with the thermostable enzyme layer using thermophilic β-D-glucosidase and glucokinase. The characteristics of the developed bienzyme ISFET sensor were studied using the samples of β-glucosidic glycosides such as salicin and esculin. The dynamic range from 0.3 mM to 30 mM (1 M=1 mol dm-3) was obtained for salicin at pH 7.0. The responses were enhanced in the temperature range from 40 to °C.
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  • Yasunori IMADA, Keisuke KITANO, Hironobu OHKITA, Takanori MIZUSHIMA, N ...
    1999 Volume 1999 Issue 11 Pages 769-773
    Published: November 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effect of alkali metal cation as an additive in catalytic combustion of Diesel particulate matter (PM)was investigated using TiO2-supported copper catalysts (M, Cu/TiO2, M: alkali metal ion) derived from copper ( II ) chloride (CuCl2, 2H2O) by the addition of Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+ ions, respectively. M, Cu/TiO2 catalysts except for Na, Cu/TiO2 showed good catalytic performance of the PM combustion be low 620 K, especially in recycle use. This is attributed to that the presence of compounds consists of M-CuCl promoted the intimate contact between MC1 and Cu species after the decomposition of M-Cu-Cl. Since K, Cu/TiO2 among M, Cu/TiO2 catalysts was superior in combustion temperature, potassium is presumed to act favorably for the oxidation of PM.
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  • Hiroki DEGAWA, Yuki IKEDA, Taiichi SHIROGANE, Takeshi FUKUDA, Osamu WA ...
    1999 Volume 1999 Issue 11 Pages 775-776
    Published: November 10, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: May 30, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Lysozyme adsorption to cross-linked poly (vinyl alcohol) (c-PVA) hydrogel was studied in vitro. cPVA hydrogel was prepared from saponified copolymers of vinyl acetate and triallyl isocyanurate by exposure to ultraviolet light. In vitro, c-PVA hydrogel and four types of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) hydrogel were used. Hydrogels were individually kept in the 0.5 w/v% lysozyme solution at 37°C for 24 hours. The lysozyme adsorbed to hydrogels was extracted with 1 w/v% sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) respectively. The quantity of extracted lysozyme was determined using 2, 2'-bicinchoninic acid. The adsorbed lysozyme of c-PVA hydrogel was much less than those of four types of HEMA hydrogel. These results suggest that our PVA hydrogel may be promising as a biomaterial like soft contactlens.
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