Mesocrystals of BaTiO₃ were fabricated by soaking a molecular sieve to precursor solutions with various concentrations and calcination in flowing oxygen at 700°C. Chemical shifts of the Ti 2p_3/2 electron binding energy were 0.6, 1.4 and 1.8eV for the BaTiO₃ mesocrystals from the precursor solutions of 0.1, 0.04 and 0.004mol/L, respectively, while the chemical shift of the Ba 3d_5/2 electron binding energy was 2.9eV for the mesocrystals from any precursor solutions. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that less interpore electronic relaxation between the filled pores with BaTiO₃ mesocrystals brings about larger blue shift of the optical absorption edge for diluted systems.

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The reactions of bismuth trichloride (BiCl₃) with β-diketone (acetylacetone; Hacac, benzoylacetone; Hbzac, dibenzoylmethane; Hdbzm, dipivaloylmethane; Hdpm) in the presence of sodium cyanate and additives (tetramethylurea, THF, 15-crown-5, triethylammonium chloride) in methanol/benzene solution yielded the corresponding pure tris(β-diketonato)bismuth(III) complexes. THF was the most effective additive in the reaction of BiCl₃ with Hdbzm. The solubility of the isolated bismuth(III) complexes for aprotic organic solvents (benzene, THF, dichloromethane and hexane) and methanol was examined. The characterization of the isolated bismuth(III) complexes was carried out by means of IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, MS and TG measurements.

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A simple and rapid method for the determination of trace amounts of pentachlorophenol(PCP) in water was proposed. The proposed adsorbent was prepared as follows; a suspension of mixed hydroxide, which was prepared by mixing 20mL of 1mol dm^-3 of iron(III) chloride and 30mL of 4mol dm^-3 of magnesium chloride, diluting the mixture to 1dm³ with distilled water, and precipitating mixed hydroxide with sodium hydroxide, was separated through filter paper(No.2, 12cm) under suction. The residue was dried at 450°C for 30min in an oven. A 0.6g portion of adsorbent was added to 200mL of test solution. After adjusting the pH from 11 to 12, the suspension was stirred for 60min and filtered with a 1μm membrane filter. The residue on the filter was stirred in 1.5mL of 5mol dm^-3 of sulfuric acid and 10mL of 1mol dm^-3 of sodium sulfate, and was extracted with 4mL of 1-pentanol. The absorbance of the extract was measured at 215nm against 1-pentanol. PCP ranging from 10 to 80ppb could be determined. NH₄⁺, Ca²⁺, CO₃^2-, SO₄^2-, BO₃^-, F^-, SiO₄^2- and PO₄^3- as much as 1×10^-3mol dm^-3 did not interfere, but up to 1×10^-4mol dm^-3 of NO₂^- and NO₃^- interfered. Molecular sieves 5A coated with mixed oxide of iron(III) and magnesium was applied to the chromatographic separation of chlorophenols.

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[2.n]Naphthalenophanes 2-7 possessing polar substituents on the cyclobutane ring were prepared by the intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of the corresponding, α,ω-bis(vinylnaphthyl)alkanes. Their inclusion behavior with aromatic solvents was investigated and compared with that for unsubstituted [2.n]naphthalenophanes 1a, b that afford only quite unstable inclusion crystals with aromatic solvents such as benzene and toluene.
[2.3](1,4)Naphthalenophanes 2-4 having alkoxycarbonyl or acetyl groups and 5 having hydroxymethyl groups gave inclusion crystals with benzene and pyridine, respectively. [2.3](1,5)Naphthalenophane 6 also provided inclusion crystals with benzene, whereas [2.5](1,4)naphthalenophanes 7 with a pentamethylene linkage no inclusion crystals. These inclusion crystals were much more stable than those obtained from 1a, b and the ratio of naphthalenophane with solvent was different from one another. According to the X-ray crystallographic analysis, the packing manner of the naphthalenophane and solvent was found to be remarkably dependent on the substituents, although the naphthalenophane molecules are arranged head-to-head mainly due to the intermolecular dipole-dipole interaction between polar substituents. It is noteworthy that benzene molecules are accommodated in a channel along the b-axis in the crystal of 2-benzene. As demonstrated by 2 and 6, the difference in the position of trimethylene linkage hardly affected the arrangement of naphthalenophanes, but resulted in the difference in the ratio of included solvent molecules.

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The growth and spreading of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells, on various polymeric films prepared by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and casting methods were investigated. PC12 cells, which were cultivated on collagen and synthetic polymeric films prepared by the LB method, adhered and spread much more than those on the films prepared by the casting method. The relationship between the cell growth or spreading and physical properties (i.e., contact angle and surface roughness) of the polymeric films where the cells were cultivated was investigated. Exponential relationship was observed in the plots of the cell density versus root mean square of roughness of the films, which was estimated by atomic force microscopy. The cell growth and spreading ratio of PC12 cells were found to be higher on the LB films which adsorbed the serum proteins containing higher content of α-helix than those on the casting films. The contact angle of LB films was found to be different from that of cast films prepared from the same polymer used in the LB films. The maximum cell density and spreading ratio were observed on the films having a contact angle of around 55 degrees. It is suggested that the adsorbed serum proteins having high α-helix contents on the films control and stabilize the proliferation and spreading of PC12 cells cultivated on the films.

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The hydrolysis ratio of silicic ester on the surface of coated films was analyzed quantitatively by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using monochromatized AlK_α X-rays. Alkoxy groups were selectively decomposed on irradiation of non-monochromatized MgK_α X-rays to coated silicate films. This phenomenon could be used for determination of the number of alkoxy groups bonded to one silicon atom. This method was applied to evaluate the hydrolysis ratio of various silicic ester coating films. A good correlation was obtained between hydrolysis ratio which was measured by XPS and water contact angle which indicate hydrophilicity of the surface of coated films.

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The bagasse is the compressed waste of the sugarcane from Brazil and was found to have small holes of about 8×10^-7m in diameter on its surface. By the carbonization under nitrogen gas, the bagasse changed to a porous char having the adsorption ability and the water content in the bagasse influenced its activation. The condition of the carbonization was evaluated according to surface form, specific surface area and adsorption capacity of the char. The effect of water-content in the bagasse was also evaluated by the relationship of the product of char yield (Y)×specific surface area (S) and the char yield (Y). Our experimental results indicated that the small holes of the bagasse were increased with increasing heating temperature until 973K. Under the conditions of heating rate of 10K/min and heating temperature of 1273K, specific surface area of the char was 611×10³m²/kg and the adsorption capacity was 960×10^-3kg/kg in iodine test and 52×10^-3m³/kg in Methylene Blue test. When the water content in the bagasse was 200% under the condition of the heating rate of 10K/min until 1173K or the heating rate of 5K/min until 1273K, the specific surface area was 967-1055×10^-3m²/kg. Further study illustrated that the equilibrium adsorption isotherms of benzene steam by this char was the same as that of the bagasse activated carbon. It was possible to arrange our data by the Langmuir’s equilibrium adsorption isotherm. By the carbonization of this water-containing bagasse under nitrogen gas, the adsorption mechanism of the resulting char became equal to that of the activated carbon.

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The resin-molding releasing properties of metal molds were shown to be related to following factors: a) interfacial chemical bondings between surfaces of polymers and metal molds and b) a friction force or friction coefficient between polar substances and/or low molecular weight components in the polymers and physical factors on mold surfaces. It was confirmed theoretically and experimentally that metal molds with good resin-molding releasing properties have very small surface free energy. It was also proved that surface free energy in the resulting polymer molding was changed to be lower than that of before shaping. Molding releasing properties were improved with decrease in friction force and friction coefficient between surface of polymers and metal molds as well as decrease of surface free energy.
To obtain metal molds with smaller surface free energy, the polymer plating method of perfluorinated group-containing triazinedithiol was developed. Metal molds treated by the polymer platings have lower critical surface tension of 7.5mJm^-2 than that of Teflon (18mJm^-2), meaning that the surface consists of CF₃ groups. The treated mold showed more markedly excellent durability in releasing properties than untreated one. The technique has been developed in the production of molds for Fθ lens and natural bright focusing screen.

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The simple pretreatment-GC/MS method for chlorophenol(CP) derivatives was developed using the homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction in water/pyridine/ethyl chloroacetate ternary component system. The proposed method was performed all process of pretreatment within 15minutes. The determination limits(S/N=3) of each CP derivative were the range of 0.2-2.1μgL^-1 in the volume ratio 1000(i.e. water phase: 50mL→organic phase: 50μL). Ten kinds of CP derivative were completely separated and were able to determine except 2, 5CP and 2, 6CP.

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An alkaliphilic bacterium strain GS-1 assimilating disodium terephthalate as the sole carbon and energy sources was isolated from soil. The strain GS-1 degraded 19.3mM(1M=mol/dm³) of disodium terephtalate in 168h at alkaline condition(pH10) with the growth. The cultures showed degradation lag phase of 72h before growth commenced. The greatest degradation occurred between 72 and 100h. The maximum degradation rate was 0.46mM/h. The doubling time was 9.3h.

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