Hïdmo, a traditional house type seen in Tigray Region, Ethiopia, and the adjacent area of the Eritrean highlands, mainly consists of masonry walls, wooden ceilings, and a soil roof. This paper specifically focuses on the hïdmo found in the former Ïnderta province, Southeastern Zone of the present Tigray Region. The objective of this paper is to clarify the typical parcel layout, spatial components of typical hïdmo house and building elements of hïdmo house, based on the basic knowledge of the local building materials. On that basis, the hierarchy of the traditional house is discussed. Making glossary of each building and space in the parcel, each space in the hïdmo house, and each building element of the hïdmo house is helpful to understand the themes clearly.
Hïdmo applies to the main house built in the parcel, and is where the vast majority of daily indoor activities are carried out. The central space with entrance door of the house is named mïdri-bét. In addition, a two-storied part for cereal storage and housing small domestic animals, and one-storied part for sleeping and storing equipment are often attached. The indoor environment of the hïdmo house is stabilized because of the thick walls, ceiling and roof, and the limited number of openings.
Stones and woods are the principal building materials of hïdmo. While stone materials that are easy to deal with could be collected from the neighborhood or nearby, wooden materials were scarce in Ïnderta province. Therefore, the use of more wooden materials contributed to increasing the prestige of the house.
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