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Masao KAKEI, Haruya OKABE, Susumu OHARA, Kazuhiko ISHIHARA, Kyoko HOTT ...
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
181-186
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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To clarify physiological functions of gastric mucosal glycoproteins, regional variations of mucus macromolecular glycoproteins in rats and quantitative and qualitative changes of the glycoproteins caused by fasting were studied.
(1) Glycoproteins were localized in glandular region.
(2) Carbohydrate composed of galactosamine, glucosamine, galactose, fucose and sialic acid, and the relative proportions of glucosamine and galactose varied significantly in corpus and antrum.
(3) Glycoprotein content in glandular stomach increased gradually in the course of fasting time, and reached 190% of the control value up to 72 hours.
(4) Relative proportions of sugar constituents were almost unchanged during fasting period.
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Analysis by Reflectance Spectrophotometry
Sunao KAWANO, Nobuhiro SATO, Masuki FUKUDA, Motoaki SHICHIRI, Takenobu ...
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
187-192
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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In 8 young healthy volunteers (5 habitual smokers, 20 cigarettes/day for 4 years, 3 unhabitual smokers, only a few chgarettes/year), the effect of cigarette smoking on the gastric mucosal hemodynamics was studied using reflectance spectrophotometry.
In all cases, the gastric mucosal blood volume after one to three puffings of cigarette smoking decreased quickly. The decrease of the mucosal blood volume after cigarette smoking was 22% of the level before smoking in habitual smokers (n=5), while it was 63% of the level before cigarette smoking in unhabitual smokers (n=3). The recovery of the gastric mucosal blood volume after 3 puffs of cigarette smoking was faster in habitual smokers than in unhabitual smokers. The results suggest that the cigarette smoking weakens the deffensive factors by lowering the gastric mucosal blood flow which would affect the occurrence and healing of the peptic ulcer.
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Masaru KAWAMOTO, Tsuneo FUKUSHIMA, Akira KUBO, Naoki ISHIGURO, Hiroshi ...
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
193-198
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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Fecal bacoeria and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) in 31 patients with ulderative colitis were investigated. Fecal total bacteria, espechally anaerobic bacteria were decreased, but aerobic bacteria were increased.
Concentration of fecal SCFA was also decreased to one half of healthy control value parallelto total bacteria.
In the fraction of SCFA, volatile SCFA was decreased but non-volatile SCFA (lactic acid) was increased. Lactic acid was increased in active stage compared to inactive stage and according to extent of the lesion. Fecal volatile/non volatile SCFA ratio was inversely related to frequency of daily bowel movements.
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HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS INDUCED BY 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUO
Ken-ichi NODA, Keijiro ANDO, Yoshinori NUMA, Wakako TSUBOTA, Masataka ...
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
199-204
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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The immuno-biochemical and histological changes of epoxide hydrolase (EH), which was one of the important drug metabolising enzyme in the liver microsomal membrane, was studied by using hyperplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma induced by the intermittent 2-acetylaminofluorene feeding. The amount of EH increased in microsomal fractions of hyperplastic nodules and hepatocellular carcinoma by electroimmunoassay. A single immuno-precipitation line which formed between anti-EH IgG fraction and purified EH, hyperplastic nodular and hepatocellular carcinoma microsome, completely fused each other. By means of the direct immunofluorescent staining, the specific fluorescence of EH was observed in almost all nodular cells in hyperplastic nodules, but was sporadically induced in hepatoma.
These results suggest that the detachment or releasement of EH from microsomal membrane occures as a characteristic changes in liver cell transformation during hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Soichiro MIURA, Hitoshi ASAKURA, Kensuke KOBAYASHI, Yoshio MUNAKATA, M ...
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
205-213
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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In this study, fat malabsorption from small intestine was studied clinically in patients with liver cirrhosis and experimentally in rats with CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis. The presence of abnormalities of fatty acid composition and the inhibition increase in plasma lipids concentration after olive tolerance test as well as the abnormal values of 131I-triolein test were observed in patients with liver cirrhosis. Such abnormalities were found more markedly in patients with ascites, who is supposed to associated with the disorders of intestinal lymphatics. Endoscopically, we can frequently observe the accumulation of lipids in intestinal mucosa in cirrhotic patients with ascites, however there was no evidence of disturbance of apolipoprotein B synthesis in intestinal mucosa of these patients. Experimentally, mucosal uptake of linoleic acid and resynthesis of triglyceride in intestinal mucosa were almost normal, but lymphatic transportation of lipids from intestinal epithelial cells was delayed in rats with liver cirrhosis. In conclusion, the process of mucosal uptake, resynthesis of triglyceride and lipoprotein formation of lipid were supposed to be not so significantly desturbed in liver cirrhosis, but the transportation phase of lipid to intestinal lymphatics was disturbed resulting in mucosal accumulation of lipids. And it is also supposed that fat malabsorption in liver cirrhosis will become marked when the lymphatic disorders were present.
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Tokio WAKABAYASHI, Norio SAWABU, Masatoshi NAKAGEN, Kenji OZAKI, Daish ...
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
214-222
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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Diagnostic usefulness of serum GPDA activities in patients with various hepatobiliary diseases was evaluted, in comparison with other hepatobiliary enzymes which had been commonly used for liver function tests. Serum GPDA activities were significantly increased in various hepatobiliary diseases. The incidence of abnormality was remarkable in acute liver injury such as acute hepatitis and acute alcoholic hepatitis, and intrahepatic cholestasis such as primary biliary cirrhosis and a cholestatic type of drug induced liver injury. In paticular, the patients whose serum activities having remarkably increased GPDA were most frequently observed in cases of intrahepatic cholestasis. In view of the abnormal incidence of serum GPDA activities, the sensitivity of this enzyme wes lower than those of γ-GTP, GOT and GPT, but was the same as that of ALP, and higher than that of LDH. GPDA had the most significant correlation with γ-GTP among all other hepatobiliary enzymes.
From these results, the measurement of GPDA in serum can be used as an useful examination in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary diseases.
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(1) Relationship Between Blood Biochemistry and Hepatic Morphology
Michiyasu YOSHITSUGU, Misao MAEHARA, Hitoshi SUGAYA, Takashi HARADA
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
223-230
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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The interrelations between blood biochemical findings including oral glucose tolerance and hepatic morphology were studied in 28 obese subjects (15 men, 13 women) showing more than 15% over ideal body weight without diabetes millitus and alcohol abuse.
The liver histology in obese frequently showed fatty change (67.8%), and intranuclear vacuolization (46.4%), and less frequently exhibited periportal fibrosis (14.3%). The degree of hepatic fatty metamorphosis correlated well with the incidence of abnormal biochemical parameters (GOT, GPT, GOT/GPT ratio, LAP, γ-GTP, ChE), implying that abnormal liver sfunction in obese is due to hepatic steatosis. In the obese patients with fat accumulation from 1/3 to 2/3 of the liver lobule in biopsy specimens, 6 of 9 subjects (66.7%) had abnormal serum GPT activities, and 8 of 9 subjects (88.9%) had an elevation of serum transaminase activity with a greater rise in S-GPT than S-GOT. It is suggested that S-GPT and S-GOT/S-GPT ratio are sensitive indicators for fatty liver. And then it was shown that hepatic fatty change was promoted by hyperlipidemia and imparied glucose tolerance.
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Hiroshi TAKAHASHI, Yumiko FUJIT, Masamichi DEURA, Yoshikazu SHIMIZU, Y ...
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
231-240
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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To evaluate the B cell function in liver diseases, immunoglobulin (Ig) secreting cells of peripheral blood lymphocytes were assayed according to Granowicz's method. Spontaneuus Ig secreting cells were detected by this method without any mitogen.
The number of Ig secreting cells did not correlate with the population of B cell. There was a sexual difference in the number of Ig secreting cells, that is, the number of IgG and IgA secreting cells was higher in female and the number of IgM secreting cells was higher in male.
In acute hepatitis the number of IgG and IgM secreting cells increased at acute phase and normalized at convalescent phase. In chroic hepatitis the number of Ig secreting cells was less in HBsAg-positive cases than in HBsAg-negative cases. Significant increase of IgG and IgA secreting cells was observed in HBsAg-negative, autoantibody-possitive chronic active hepatitis.
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Masataka IWASAKI, Ryukichi KUMASHIRO, Tatsuro WADA, Toyoaki MAEYAMA, E ...
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
241-248
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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The Second department of Internal Medicine, Kurune University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan,
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Polymyxin B on endotoxemia in severe liver diseases. The Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate Test (Limulus Test) was utilized to determine the degree of inactivation of endotoxin by Polymyxin B in vitro. Then, Polymyxin B was administrated orally to 22 patients with liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis (10 cases), hepatoma (10 cases), and obstructive jaundice (2 cases).
This study showed that Polymyxin B at the concentration of 0.1 and 0.Olmg/ml reduced the activity of endotoxin at the concentration of 1×10
-7mg/ml in Limulus Test. Polymyxin B (300×10
4 units/day) was administrated orally for 3 days. Before, during and after its administration, endotoxin in serum was detected by Limulus Test. Before its administration, endotoxin in serum was detected in 40% of patients lith liver cirrhosis (4/10) and 50% of patients with hepatoma (5/10). In these cases of endotoxemia, including 4 cases of liver cirrhosis and 4 cases of hepatoma, endotoxin concentration in serum decreased after its administration. In 20% of patients with liver chrrhosis (2/10, both cases were endotoxin positive), 20% of patients with hepatoma (2/10, one case was endotoxin positive) and 100% of patients with obstructive jaundice (2/2, both cases were endotoxin negative), endotoxin concentration in serum increased briefly during its admimistration.
In contrast, Kanamycin had no effect on inhibition of pregel coagulation. And, no effect was found on endotoxemia in cases with liver cirrhosis after oral administration of Kanamynin. These results suggest that Polymyxin B is effective in patients with endotoxemia in severe liver diseases because of its bacteriocidal and anti-endotoxin effects. Detergent action of Polymyxin B on endotoxin provides one possible explanation for the mechanism of its inactivation.
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Sachiko YAMASHITA
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
249-258
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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Serum levels of cholesterol of high density lipoprotein (HDL-Ch) were examind in 215 cases of liver diseases using Heparin-Ca method. Mean value of HDL-Ch was 61.89±10.74mg/dl in normal controls, while those of liver diseases were significantly reduced (p<0.001).
Serum HDL-Ch levels correlated well with alkaline phosphatase, choline esterase, albumin, LCAT activity, and maximum osmotic resistance of erythrocytes. Thus the measurement of serum HDL-Ch could be said to be useful for the evaluation of the severity of liver damages.
The lipoprotein fractions isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation were examind by both agarose-gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy and the absence of a-lipoprotein bands and marked decrease of HDL particles were confirmed. These observations indcate that severe hepatobiliary injury is associated with profound alteration in lipoprotein composition and metabolism.
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Yoshio KINAMI, Koji KONISHI, Ichiro KITA, Michiaki TAKATA, Koji SHINMU ...
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
259-265
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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This study was carried out to clarify the clinical features of patients with pancreatic calcification and carcinoma seen in the Hokuriku district during the past 10 years, including 15 well-documented patients collected from Japanese literature. Of 37 of our patients with pancreatic calcification, 5 (13.5%) had carcinoma of the pancreas. In 4 patients, there was no obstruction of the main pancreatic duct caused by tumor, and especially in 3 patients it was assumed that pancreatic carcinoma was secondary to pancreatic calcification. The positive findings by CEA, PAS and alcian blue stain were exhibited in both carcinoma and epithelium of the pancreatic duct. On the other hand, the clinical features in all patients including those collected from the literature were as follows.
Male: female ratio of these patients was 9:1, and average age was 50.6 years old. As to etiology, 56%, excluding unknown patients, were regarded as being related to alcohol intake. Duration of symptoms in 47% of the patients was more than one year before this diagnosis was received, and almost all patients on whom PS-test and 50g OGTT were performed showed a functional injury of the pancreas which exceeded a moderate degree. Furthermore, it was inferred from the relationship between the location of calculi and tumor that pancreatic calcification preceded to carcinoma in many patients.
From these findings, it is suggested that patients with pancreatic calcification have the possibility for development of pancreatic carcinoma.
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Eizo KIMOTO, Yasuo NAITO, Saburo NAKAZAWA
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
266-275
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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In order to clarify the correlation between ultrasonographic and pathohistological findings of the normal and pathological pancreas, study was made using 44 extirpated specimens obtained either by surgery or autopsy. Ultrasonographically, the parenchyma of the normal pancreas had fine granular echo-pattern and was demarcated by a layer of capsular echoes. In chronic pancreatitis, connective tissue proliferation of severe degree caused slight decrease in echo-level, while, that of slight to moderate degree did not. Pancreatic calculi appeared as strong echoes with or without acoustic shadows. Fatty displacement caused diffuse increase in echo-level so that capsular echoes could hardly be detected. In cyst of the pancreas, it was well diagnosed whether the cyst was septated or not and whether its wall was irregulary thickened or not. Ultrasonographic patterns of carcinoma of the pancreas were classsified into three groups: low echo-level type, peripherally low and centrally echogenic type, and irregular echogenic type. Ultrasonographic appearances of most of the papillotubular adenocarcinomas belonged to more or less echogenic type and most of the tubular adenocarcinomas appeared as low echo-level type. Scirrhus type of carcinoma frequently appeared as diffusely low echo-level pattern. Intermediate type and medullary type appeared as either central echogenic or irregular echogenic pattern. The examinations of histologic preparations with a hand lens permitted to classify the textural patterns of the tumor into three groups ; diffusely fine, peripherally fine and centrally ruogh, and diffusely rough. These three groups corresponded to the ultrasonographic patterns: low echo-level type, central echogenic type and irregular echogenic type respectively. It might well be concluded that both parenchyma-stroma composition and spatial structure, e.g. rough or fine, closely related to the ultrbsonographic appearances. All the tumors which had central coagulation necrosis showed central echogenic pattern. Necrotic foci of liquid property were noted as cystic areas in the tumor.
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Kenjiro IWAKI, Michio OGAWA, Takeshi KITAHARA, Shigenori TANAKA, Goro ...
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
276-281
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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Molecular size distribution of exogenous and endogenous trypsin in serum was investigated using purified trypsin and radioimmunoassay of trypsin developed in our laboratory.
When a small amount of 125I-labelled trypsin was added to normal serum, the 125I-labelled enzyme was partitioned between α2-macroglobulin (α2M) and α1-antitrypsin (α1AT) in a ratio of approximately 70: 30, and increasing amount of added trypsin increased the formation of al AT-trypsin complex. In contrast, 125I-trypsin was more likely to bind to α1AT in pancreatitis serum, even when the amount of exogenous trypsin was small, suggesting α2M had already been occupied by pancreatic proteases in acute pancreatitis. The partition of exogenous trypsin between α2M and α1 AT was affected by the amount and the ratio of α2M and α1 AT in serum.
In normal serum, immunoreactive trypsin existed as trypsinogen. In pancreatitis patients serum, however, it was in part associated with the serum protease inhibitors αl AT and inter-α-antitrypsin, and the remainder existed as trypsinogen but no immunoreactive trypsin was found in the α2M fraction.
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IN HEPATIC, PANCREATIC AND BILIARY TRACT DISEASES
Hiroyoshi ONODERA, Hiraku SUGAWARA, Toru HIRATA, Kei OHTA, Masamichi O ...
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
282-286
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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CT scan and angiography were performed in 51 patients and spleen size was determined with three methods as follows.
(1) Area of splenic stain on X-ray film of venous phase of angiography.
(2) Splenic artery width-common hepatic artery width ratio (SpA/CHA).
(3) Cross-sectional area of spleen-that of body ratio on one slice of CT scan in which cross-sectional area of spleen was maximum (CT-spleen index).
There was splenomegaly in liver cirrhosis and hepatoma, and also in pancreatic tumor. We diagnosed splenomegaly when CT-spleen index was more than 0.10. There were close correlations among three methods.
There was close correlation between spleen weight in operation or autopsy and splenic stain or CT spleen index.
It has been concluded that these three methods are useful for the diagnosis of splenomegaly.
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Takashi NOTO, [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanes ...
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
287
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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Tetsunori SATO, [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japan ...
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
288
Published: February 05, 1982
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Hideki INAGUMA, [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japan ...
1982 Volume 79 Issue 2 Pages
289
Published: February 05, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
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