Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi
Online ISSN : 1349-7693
Print ISSN : 0446-6586
Volume 86, Issue 8
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
  • T. OKUMURA, K. OKAMURA, Y. SHIBATA, M. NAMIKI
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1597-1603
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Parasympathetic preganglionic cells innervating the stomach are located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMN) in the medulla. The present experiments were carried out to elucidate that the long-lasting excitation of DMN neurons by kainic acid, a long-acting neuronal excitant, induced gastric ulcers and to identify the input neuronal systems projecting to the DMN by means of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method in rats. Twenty four hours after kainic acid injection into the DMN, gastric ulcerative lesions were induced in 12 out of 14 rats. The ulcer index in experimental group, 10.2±6.5mm, was significantly higher than that in the control group, 0.5±1.0. Mucus content in gastric mucosa was significantly lower than that of the control group. Fourty four hours after HRP injection into the DMN, HRP labeled cells were distributed from medulla to cortex, especially in medullary reticular formation, interpositis cerebellar nucleus, several hypothalamic nuclei, central amygdala nucleus and insular cortex. These results suggest that long-lasting excitation of DMN neurons facilitate gastric ulcer formation and that a decrease in mucus content in gastric mucosa plays an important role in the process of gastric ulcer formation by kainic acid injection into the DMN. Since the cortex, amgdala and hypothalamus has been shown to be closely associated with emotion and stress, it could be speculated that emotional changes and stress might induce the changes of excitability of DMN neurons via higher order neuronal systems.
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  • A study using a sulfamethizole capsule food method
    Takeo ASADA, Yoshiyasu SAKO, Yutaka FUKUSHIMA, Toru KITA, Takeo MIYAKE
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1604-1610
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied the effect of body position on gastric emptying of solid food using a sulfamethizole capsule food method developed by us. Gastric emptying was significantly delayed in a supine position than in a sitting position kept for 120 minuites after ingestion of test food. These findings were obserbed in all of the young, middle and old aged groups. A longer sitting position after ingestion was associated with rapider gastric emptying. Gastric emptying was significantly delayed in the old aged group than in the young aged group in both sitting and supine positions. Our results indicate that a postprandial sitting position is desirable for gastric digestion and emptying of solid food, especially in the old aged subjects.
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  • Takayuki MATSUMOTO, Atsuo KITANO, Shiro NAKAMURA, Nobuhide OSHITANI, A ...
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1611-1616
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Colinic mucosal epitheilal cells (EpC) in patients with ulcerative colities (UC) have been shown to express HLA-DR antigen. In the present study, we observed the characteristics of HLA-DR-positive EpC using immunoperoxidase technique. In the control group, colonic EpC expressed HLA-ABC, but not HLA-DR. Only the EpC at the base of glands revealed positive for DNA-polymerase α(DNA-P). On the other hand, in actively inflamed mucosa of UC, about 80% of glands strongly expressed HLA-DR. Furthermore, most of EpC in the HLA-DR-positive glands showed positive nuclear stainings for DNA-P. This indicates that these EpC are not in the resting stage.
    It is strongly suggested that there are close relationships between the regeneration or proliferation of the EpC and class II MHC (HLA-DR) expression on the EpC in UC.
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  • Hiroto UGAJIN
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1617-1626
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The promoting effect of bile acids in physiological concentration in colon carcinogenesis was studied using male Wistar rats with defunctioned colon. After an instillation of MNNG, collected rat faces (group A), secondary bile acids i.e. deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid in equal concentration to rat feces (group B) and control material (group C) was instilled in the defunctioned colon.
    Concerning the incidence and the number of macroscopically visible tumor, no significant difference was found among these three groups. However, the number of histological lesion with atypia in flat mucosa of the colon in group A and B was significantly greater than that in group C. Considering this result and the reults obtained from prestudy of kinetics of colonic epithelial cells by the use of anti BrdU monoclonal antibody, feces and physiological concentration of bile acids had a promoting effect in colon carcinogenesis.
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  • Application to assessment of efficacy in treatment with total parenteral nutrition
    Masaki NAKAMURA
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1627-1637
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    I investigated changes of faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in 52 hospitalized patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) who had bloody diarrhoea (sever and moderate colitis). The results suggest that molar ratios of faecal lactate could be helpful to monitor the disease activity of UC patients. Faecal SCFA output correlated directly with faecal output. This finding reflected an increase in output of lactate and acetate. In severe colitis, concentrations of faecal lactate were increased, whereas those of faecal major components of SCFA (acetate, propionate and n-buty-rate) were markedly reduced. Further, faecal lactate concentrations were increased in cases with bloody diarrhoea and reduced in those with formed stool.
    Patients were divided into two groups according with their treatments: patients treated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or low-residue UC diet. The molar ratio of faecal lactate in the TPN group was reduced below 2% in four weeks, whereas that in the UC diet group was reduced into the 2% mark in eight weeks. These findings support that patients in the former group were more rapidly induced into remission.
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  • Toshiaki YONEKURA, Hiroyuki KURODA, Junko TAJIMA
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1638-1644
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Ultrastructures of interlobular bile ductules were examined in 7 cases of lupoid hepatitis and related disease (LH) and 8 cases of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Mononuclear cell, especially lymphocyte infiltrations into bile ducts cross basement membrane were common findings found in 57.1% of LH and in 50% of PBC patients, thus, statistically, the occurrence of lymphocyte infiltration was similar for both groups. Cell contact between bile duct epithelia and infiltrated cells differed in LH and PBC. In LH, 86.7% of the cells contacted at small point, but 92.3% PBC cells had broad contact with each other. Stratification of bile duct epithelia and other visible changes in PBC epithelial cells was statistically more extensive compared with LH. Dilatation of intercellular space was often observed in basal region of LH. Destruction and degeneration of LH and PBC bile duct epithelial cells was mainly observed in basal and luminal regions, respectively. Rupture and thickening of basement membrane was seen in PBC, but rarely in LH. The average diameter of interlobular bile ducts were larger and oval shaped in patients with PBC compared to smaller circular ducts observed in LH patients. These results not only revealed that several changes in interlobular bile ducts occur but that similar changes with LH and PBC. This suggests that both distinctions and similarities exist between LH and PBC as autoimmune hepatic disease.
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  • Hiroyuki OHASHI, Eiji SUKEGAWA, Toru TAKAMI, Takashi YOSHIDA, Yasutosh ...
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1645-1653
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A study was conducted to investigate effects of oral supplementation with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on protein-nutritional status in rats with liver cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis was induced in male strain Sprague-Dawley rats by simultaneously administrating carbon tetrachloride (500mg/kg, twice a week, intracutaneously) and phenobrabital (0.05% in drinking water, ad libitum) for 30 weeks. Following treatment with carbon tetrachloride and phenobarbital, cirrhotic rats received oral supplementation of BCAA with varying ratio among isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu) and valine (Val), or with varying content of total BCAA in the diet (Final content of total nitrogen was kept consistent by addition of glutamine). Nutritional efficacies of diets as described above were evaluated employing those protein-nutritional parameters as nitrogen balance and plasma levels of total protein, albumin and free neutral amino acids. Following results were obtained:
    1. Compositional ratio of Ile:Leu:Val at 1:2:1.2 or at 2:1:1 was found to be more effective on nitrogen balance as well as on plasma amino acid pattern when compared to other diets which contained ILe:Leu:Val at 1:1:2 or either Val, Ile or Leu alone.
    2. As to content of total BCAA in the diet (0, 2.5, 5, 10%), supplementation level of 2.5% was found to be most appropriate in terms of effects on nitrogen balance and on plasma protein concentration.
    In conclusion, 2.5% BCAA in the diet with the ratio of Ile:Leu:Val at 1:2:1.2 or 2:1:1 seems to be recommended to improve the impaired protein-nutritional status in liver cirrhosis.
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  • Takashi TAMADA, Fuminori MORIYASU, Shigeki ONO, Kozo KAJIMURA, Yasunar ...
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1654-1660
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A new method for measuring portal blood flow using magnetic resonance imaging has been developed. Flow velocities are calculated from distances that are directly visualized using a new pulse sequence. In a phantom study, the measured flow rates showed a close correlation (r=0.9996) with actual flow rates in the range 4.7cm/sec to 22.8cm/sec. In a study using volunteers, portal blood flow was quickly measured (about 18 seconds) using electrocardiographic gating. These measurements were compared with those obtained by Doppler ultrasound, with which they showed a close correlation in flow velocity (r=0.968) and flow volume (r=0.936). This method allows reasonably accurate quantitative analysis of portal blood flow in patients in whom the Doppler method can not be used because of obesity or intestinal gas.
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  • Histological diagnosis in acute stage and clinical outcome
    Tadao OKUNO, Michiko SHINDO, Ken ARAI, Masayuki MATSUMOTO, Makoto TAKE ...
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1661-1665
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We have retrospectively studied the clinical and histological features of 55 cases of acute posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. Histological findings in the liver biopsies taken in the acute stage covered the whole spectrum of acute and chronic hepatitis. the incidence of acute hepatitis or nonspecific ractive hepatitis was 12.7% and 16/4%, respectively, while that of chronic active hepatitis was 56.4%. There was no correlation between histological features in acute stage and the mean peak levels in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Post-transfusion hepatitis, non-A, non-B with histological signs of chronic hepatitis in acute stage frequently results in biochemical evidence of chronic liver disease during long-term follow-up periods. Therefore, our results suggest that the histological features of chronic hepatitis in the acute stage are indicative of long-term elevation in serum ALT level.
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  • Rolation to biliary proteins including apolipoprotein A-1
    Susum TAZUMA, Shigeki MIZUNO, Harutoshi SASAKI, Hiroshi SAGAWA, Sumie ...
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1666-1672
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied the preferential distribution patterns of cholesterol and proteins to biliary lipid particles isolated from human gallbladder bile by gel permeation chromatography. In addition nucleation times of those bile samples were determined to estimate the metastability of bile cholesterol. Cholesterol dominantly incorporated into a non-micellar fraction in bile from cholesterol gallstone patients with and without preoperative treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid, whereas nucleation time was significantly longer in cholesterol gallstone patients with a preoperative treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid than that of those without any preoperative treatment (p<0.01). Furthermore the induced incorporation of apolipoprotein A-1 into a non-micellar fraction was found in bile from cholesterol gallstone patients with ursodeoxycholic acid. These results suggest that stabilizing effects of apolipoprotein A-1 on a non-micellar fraction has been induced by ursodeoxycholic acid treatment resulting in the retardation of cholesterol nucleation in bile.
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  • Fuminori ITO, Yukihiro TSUCHIYA, Masao OHTO
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1673-1683
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Percutaneous gallbladder drainage (PGD) was performed in 78 patients with diseases of the bile duct system and pancreas, including 48 patients with acute cholecystitis. The procedure was utilized for the treatment of acute inflammation and obstructive jaundice, and this study was initiated to evaluate its utility and the potential indications. Following PGD, the inflammatory changes improved, and the clinical symptoms subsided, especially in cases of acute cholecystitis, in which it appears to have an excellent therapeutic value.
    Compared to cases of acute cholecystitis treated without PGD and used as controls, the clinical symptoms, laboratory findings and ultrasonographic findings were evaluated. Ultrasonographic findings, including signs of gallbladder swelling, thickening of the gallbladder wall, and as sonolucent layer in the wall were shown to be useful as positive indicators for the use of PGD. PGD also effective in cases of acute cholangitis, and cases of obstructive jaundice in which therapy was difficult using other bile drainage methods. PGD was also useful in establishing a visualization of the gallbladder and for cytological sampling of the bile in cases with negative cholecystography.
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  • With special reference to comparison with histological appearance
    Satoshi HASE, Saburo NAKAZAWA, Junji YOSHINO, Yoji KOJIMA, Yasumasa NI ...
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1684-1691
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To obtain characteristic findings of gastrointestinal aberrant pancreas by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), we made comparison between endoscopic ultrasonograms and histological findings in 5 cases (6 lesions) of resected gastric aberrant pancreas and 1 case (1 lesion) of small intestinal one. By EUS, gastrointestinal aberrant pancreases were delineated as hypoechoic masses with blurred boundary containing fine scattered hyperechoic spots, and also there were thickening of the fourth layer below the mass. Occasionally, there were some duct-like structures within the mass or marginal lobular structures. Moreover, the ultrasonographic patterns of aberrant pancreases were classified into 2 types, that is, M and S types. On histological examination, M type cases, in which the mass attached to the thickened fourth layer by EUS, were corresponded to acinar type and the pancreatic acinar cells penetrated into the proper muscle layer of the gastrointestinal wall, whereas S type cases, in which the mass was separated from the fourth layer, to ductar or mixed type. We conclude, therefore, that not only making the accurate diagnosis of aberrant pancreas but also drawing an inference of its histological type might become possible by EUS.
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  • Makoto HIRATA, Masaki NAKANISHI, Masaya SASAKI, Kenji FUSE, Tokutaro H ...
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1692-1696
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Akitada ISO, Seiji SHIMIZU, Hirotomo OTSUKA, Miyako OGAWA, Yoshihiro A ...
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1697-1700
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Naoya YOSHIDA, Yasukiyo SUMINO, Yukihisa UENO, PAI-SUNG Chen, Toshihik ...
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1701-1704
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Yasutaka KAMIYA, Kazuo GOTO, Yoshiki NOGUCHI, Shigehiro SHIRAKI, Shuzo ...
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1705-1709
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Yasuyuki NAGAO, Shigeo YAMASHITA, Michio BANBA, Hiroshi YAMAMOTO, Take ...
    1989 Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 1710-1714
    Published: 1989
    Released on J-STAGE: December 26, 2007
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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