Effects of nerve stimulations and various drugs on portal circulation were studied in 16 dogs. Portal blood flow (P. F.) was measured directly with electromagnetic flowmeter and the simultaneous measurement of portal pressure (P. P.) and arterial blood pressure (B. P.) were made with electric manometer. Mesenteric vascular resistance (M. R.) and vascular resistance of hepatic side (H. R.) were calculated from B, P., P. F. and P. P.
(1) Biphasic increase of B. P. was observed after the stimulation of greater splanchnic nerve. The second rise of B. P. was accompanied by a decrease of P. F. and P. P. and an increase of M. R. and H. R. Increase of M. R. was greater than that of H. R.
(2) The stimulation of vagal nerve induced no significant change of portal circulation.
(3) Immediately after the rapid injection of blood or physiologic saline solution (90-100cc) into femoral vein, an increase of B. P. was observed. P. F. and P. P. increased more gradually, indicating a decrease of M. R. and H. R.
(4) After the administration of epinephrine (20-100 & gamma;) into femoral vein, biphasic increase of B. P. was observed. The second rise of B. P. was accompanied by a decrease of P. F. and P. P. and an increase of M. R. and H. R. Increase of M. R. was greater than that of H. R. These changes were not affected by splenectomy. After the administration of epinephrine (10-20 & gamma;) into mesenteric vein, a decrease of P. F. and anincrease of P. P., M. R. and H. R. were observed, while changes in B. P. were insignificant. Increase of H. R. was greater than that of M. R.
(6) Effects of norepinephrine administered into femoral (10, 200 & gamma;) and mesenteric vein (10, 20 & gamma;) were similar to those of epinephrine.
(7) After the administration of histamine (100 & gamma;) into femoral vein, a fall of B. P. was observed with the initial rise of P. F. and P. P., indicating a decrease of M. R. Thereafter, while the decrease of B. P. remained, a fall of P. F. and an increase of M. R. and H. R. followed. The administration of histamine (20 & gamma;) into mesenteric vein caused adecrease of P. F. accompanied by an increase of P. P., M. R. and H. R. Increase of H. R. was greater than that of M. R.

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The culture and its significance of bacteria in liver tissue, bile and blood vessels, apparent to and efferent from the liver, in 256 cases of the surgical diseases of viscera in the upper abdominal cavity.
Results thus obtained were as follows:
1) The frequency of the isolation of bacteria is dependent upon the types of diseases. In the biliary tract diseases associated with calculus, especially choledocholithiasis, same microrganism as one in the biliary tract is most frequently isolated from the liver tissues. Therefor, the ascending infection theory could be plausible.
2) Even when bacteria are isolated from blood in hepatic artery or portal vein, same bacterial species are not necessarity isolated from the liver tissues. Therefor, the chance of the descending infection could be considered as seldom.
3) In culture of blood in portal vein, hepatic artery and hepatic vein, a material obtained by a single puncture is not safficient. It should be taken by catheterization.
4) Even when bacteria are found in the liver tissue, same bacteria are seldom isolated from hepatic vein. The liver seems to function as a filter which prevents bacteria from entering into body circulation.
5) The result of bacteriological study on the hepato biliary system in animal is hardly accepted as one in human being.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate fluctuations of vitamin B₁ levels in the body and serum calcium levels following antibiotics administration.
Rabbits used in this experiment were consisted of two groups; one reared on normal diet and another reared on restricted diet.The rabbits of each group were administered every day with intramuscuaular streptomycin, oral chlortetracycline, intramuscular penicilline, oral erythromycin and intramuscular tetracycline.
Every day during the course of this experiment, serum and urinary Vitamin B₁ levels as well as total serum calcium levels and serum dialysable calcium levels were determined with these subjects.The results obtained each antibiotic.
1) Decrease in vitamin B₁ levels in the body and serum calcium levels were apparently observed in the early stage after administration of lach antibiotic.
2) In every subject administered with antibiotic, serum and urinary vitamin B₁ levels begun to decrease from as early as the 2nd to 3rd day after the administration, having indicated to be the minimum value at the 6th to 7th day after the administration, and thereafter to be maintained in lower values, as compared with non-treated control group. The rate of decrease in the respective level was to be highest in the animals administered with intramuscular streptomycin or oral chlortetracycline, being demonstrated to be the next order in intramuscular administration of tetracycline or oral administration of erythromycin, and to be lowest in oral and intramuscular administration of penicilline.
3) Total serum calcium levels and serum dialysable calcium levels begun to decrease from as early as the 2nd to 3rd day after onset of antibiotic administration, both kinds of the levels having kept on decreasing.Viewed from the antibiotics adminidtered, the rate of decrease in both kinds of the levels was found to be high in the following descending order: oral dhlortetracycline, intramuscular streptomycin, oral erythromyin and intramuscular tetracycline, the rate having showed to be lowest in oral and intramuscular penicilline.

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In order to clarify the factors which obscure the intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography, the cholecysto-cholangiography with Biligrafin was performed on 124 cases with disturbanceof the biliary system or with a hepatic disease and the results were examinedafter classification according to the kind of disease. At the same time, various liverfunction tests were performed and examinations were made as to whether the commonbile duct was obstructed and whether inflammatory symptoms were present. In addition, the liver was biopsied and histological examinations of the gall bladder were alsoperformed.
The conclusion obtained from these examinations was as follows. It appears that notonly the obstruction of the biliary tract but the presence of inflammation of the intrahepaticbile ducts is an important influence on the efficacy of the intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography. In other words, in diseases of the biliary system in which theobstruction of the common bile duct is absent, the main factor which obscures X-raypictures is the inflammation of intrahepatic bile ducts. When the obstruction of the commonbile duct is present, the obscurity may be attributed to both the obstruction andthe inflammation of the intrahepatic bile ducts.

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To accomplish hemostasis and prevent blood loss during hepatic surgery, fifty-threedogs were subjected to the temporary occlusion of the hepatic afferent blood supply forone hour. And four dogs were subjected to the subtotal hepatectomy following the hepaticafferent occlusion for one hour during hypothermia. Results obtained in the experimentare as follows:
1) When dogs were subjected to the occlusion of the hepatic afferent blood supply forone hour, the portal pressure elevated, and the arterial blood pressure fell immediatelyafter the occlusion, and then, the circulating blood volume decreased, and pulses becameirregular, and hematocrit elevated. After its release, blood sugar and serum potassium.elevated.
2) In the normothermic series, four of sixteen dogs survived following one hour occlusion. Survials showed no remarkable changes by liver function tests and histopathologicstudies.
3) In the hypothermic series, the portal pressure, the arterial pressure, the circulatingblood volume, pulses, hematocrit, blood sugar, serum potassium, and B. S. P. clearance: were examined.
Though there were the same tendencies in the hypothermic series as in the normothermic, changes in the hypothermic were usually somewhat lower. However, correlations.between the degree of changes and prognosis has not always been proved. These changesmust be examined in the future.
4) In the hypothermic series cooled to the rectal temperature of 27°C, twenty two ofthirty seven dogs survived following one hour occlusion. Survivals showed no remarkablechanges by liver function tests and histopathologic studies.
5) When dogs were subjected to the subtotal hepatectomy following the hepatic afferentocclusion for one hour during hypothermia, one of four dogs survived. At its autopsytwo months after the surgery, liver regeneration was abundunt, and there were noremarkable changes by liver function tests and histopathologic studies.
6) Aided by transfusion, blood transfusion, antibiotics, and the proceeding of surgicaltechnique, the hepatic afferent occlusion during hypothermia would be applied clinicallywith safety.

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Plasma prothrombin concentration was investigated before, during and after operation.There were peptic ulcer in 88, gastric cancer with gastrectomy in 42, gastric cancerwithout gastrectomy in 42 and biliary tract diseases in 44 cases
Plasma prothrombin concentration was slightly low in all four groups on admission butthere was no specific difference among them.
Plasma prothrombin concentration was elevated 6 hours after administration of 50 mgrof Vitamin K in all 4 groups.
In groups of peptic ulcer, gastric cancer with gastrectomy and biliary tract diseases, plasma prothrombin concentration a day prior to operation was markedly higher thanone on admission.In the group of gastric cancer without gastrectomy, however, it stillremained low.
Plasma prothrombin concentration was markedly depressed during premedication orbasic narcosis, and then elevated while the abdominal cavity was opened. The group withblood transfusion revealed gradual increase of plasma prothrombin for 2 or 3 hours followingthe transfusion but the group without transfusion revealed gradual dicrease.
Plasma prothrombin concentration was the lowest one or two days after operation, andthen began to gradually increase with fluctuation. On 7th or 14th day, it returned to thesame as on admission. On 21st day it attained to the vicinity of the normal value in groupof peptic ulcer and biliary tract diseases. It was, however, slightly lower in the group ofgastric cancer with gastrectomy than the above two groups. In gastric cancer withoutgastrectomy, it remained lower than one on admission. Thus, the variation of plasmaprothrombin concentration in groups of peptic ulcer and biliary tract diseases wasdifferent from gastric cancer. especially one without gastrectomy.

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