(I) Study on hepatic arterial blood flow in patients with portal hypertension and in surgery of portal system.
Utilizing the hepatic venous blood dilution curves following injection of red bloodcorpuscles labeled with P³², the Author measured hepatic arterial blood flow, and madea study concerning the intrahepatic circulation in 17 patients with portal hypertension.
1) Average value in 5 cases of the control series was 127cc/min, 95cc/min/m² ofhepatic arterial blood flow and 19% of mean ratio of hepatic arterial blood flow tohepatic blood flow.
2) Average value of hepatic arterial blood flow and mean ratio of hepatic arterialblood flow to hepatic blood flow in patients of portal hypertension was remarkablyhigh compared with that in the control series.
3) No significant correlation was found between hepatic arterial blood flow and portalpressure, wedged hepatic venous pressure, or degree of collateral circulation.
4) Following the splenectomy and end-to-side portacaval shunt (Eck's operation) withintrahepatic arterial implantation, 1.7 times increase of hepatic arterial blood flowwas noticed. This remarkable increase of hepatic arterial flow might be due to thecirculatory flow of the implanted artery, in addition to the compensatory increase ofthe hepatic arterial blood flow.
5) In 18 dogs, average value of hepatic arterial blood flow was 84 cc/min, and meanratio of hepatic arterial blood flow to hepatic blood flow was 24%, which was indif-ferent to position of tip of catheter in the hepatic vein.
6) Hepatic arterial blood flow in experimental Eck's Operation with intrahepatic arterialimplantation less decrease in comparison of thal in experimental simple Eck's Operotion.
7) Appearance time, peak concentration time and intrahepatic circulation time ofhepatic venous blood dilution curves in patients of portal hypertension except congenital anomalies of portal vein and portal hypertension due to extrahepatic block weresimilar those in the control series.
8) Pattern of hepatic venous blood dilution curves in patients of congenilal anomaliesof portal vein, and portal hypertension due to extrahepatic block was markedly dif-ferent from that of normal curves.
9) Pattern of hepatic venous blood dilution curves following Splenectomy and Eck'soperation with intrahepatic arterial implantation was also similar to that of curvesabove mentioned. As results, author believes that hepatic arterial blood traverseanastomosis between hepatic artery and portal vein, and flow into portal vein in thesediseases.
10) Pattern of hepatic venous blood dilution curves following Eck's operation variedfrom that of arterial blood dilution curve to that of curves above mentioned.
(II) Experimental study on circulation in side-to-side portacaval shunt
1) Difference between disappearance rate constant in hepatic venous blood and that infemoral arterial blood following intravenous injection of colloidal radiogold showedthat of reflux blood flow in side-to side portacaval shunt in experimental dogs.
2) Hepatic blood flow following side-to-side portacaval shunt should not be measuredaccording to the B. S. P. clearance methode, but to the methode of colloidal radiogold.
3) In side-to-side portacaval shunt, hepatic blood flow decreased most slightly, andhepatic arterial blood flow increased most markedly in comparison of Eck's operationwich intrahepatic arterial implantation.
4) As the obtained results were in the physiological liver, evaluation of result that willbe obtained in the injuried liver should be made carefully.

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By means of ultramicroelectrode method intracellular potential changes of smooth muscle of the tenia coli were studied in the ginea pig and in the human being.
1. Resting potential as well as action potential are measured as the follow; ginea pig 35-68 mV.(mean 52.5±2.8 mV.), 5-45 mV., interval 0.7-4.2 sec.; human being 35-60 mV.(mean 46.6±3.06 mV.), 1-10 mV., interval 1.2-1.7 sec.
2. Speaking of configulation of the action potential there are two types of the wave. The one is the mountainous wave and another is a spike with plsteau at the declining phase, also an intermediary shape of the wave is often seen in this study.
3. There is no difference in nature between the action potential in ginea pig and that in human being, and the configulation and the response to acetylcholine and adrenaline of the action potential in human being is similar to that in ginea pig.
4. Effects of drugs:
resting Potential action potential frequency
Acetylcholine decrease increase→decrease→oincrease
Histamine decrease increase→decrease→oincrease
Neostigmin decrease increase→decrease→oincrease
Adrenaline incyeasel decrease→o decrease
Atropine decrease decrease→o decrease
Morphine decrease decrease→o decrease
Chlorpromazine no change no change
Filorpromazine no change no change
5. There is little thermal effect on the resting potential. Spike frequency is increased with high temperature but decreased with low temperature, No action potential is observed in above 46 C or below 20 C.
6. Intraperitoneal fluid due to bowel obstruction causes an increasing of the spike frequency temporally and is followed by its disappearance. This effect is fairly closed to that to acetylcholine or histamine.
7. Impalement of the microelectrode in human being is very difficult since the thickened serosa of the tenia coli, therefore only in a half of 32 cases the recordings of the action potential are in good success. The potential change concerned, there is no correlation among the various gastrointestinal diseases, but it wobably has closed relation with the colonic disorders though inconclusive at the statistical point of view.

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Dn dogs hemodyanmic studies were carried out by means of Western-Reserve's method described by C. J. Wiggers. Mesenteric circulation which is great significant for the distribution of the blood in hemorrhagic state observed at physiological as well as at metabolic aspect.
1) An automatic bubble-flow-meter is used to measure continously the flow within the superior mesenteric artery under hemorrhagicstates.
2) The flow in the superior mesenteric artery of dogs decreases down to average 54% at 90mmHg. Mesenteric vascular resistance is increased and portal pressure is decreased with comcomitant.
3) In 90 minutes following hemorrhage, spontaneous reinfusion of the blood occurs, the portal pressure is elevated and the mesenteric vascular resistance is reduced, above facts seem to indicate a pressence of pooling of the blood in the mesenteric vascular system.
4) As an irreversible shock is induced, the oxygen contents of the portal blood falls into extremely low, so that the oxygen differency between the portal and the arterial blood is increasing. Above results suspect ischemic and stagnant anoxia developed in the mesenteric vascular system.
5) The oxygen consumption of the liver slice does not change in a reversible shock state but is reduced as irreversible state brought in.
6) On the hemorrhagic shock state such vasoconstrictor as Noradrenalin and Neosynephrine reduces the mesenteric arterial flow as well as the intestinal capillary then anoxia of the intestinal vascular bed appears.
7) On the hemorrhagic shock state, hypertonic glucose solution increase the mesenteric arterial flow and the intestinal capillary flow and reduce the anoxia of the intestinal vascular bed, and also increase the oxygen content in the portal blood. It seems to be a good effect for the liver anoxia.

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A clinical diagnosis of the disease of the bile duct is discussed in this paper. Bile of the gall bladder was obtained by a direct punktion into the gall bladder and the “B” bile was obtained by the duodenal intubation (Kalk-Schöndube's method). The results from 61 patients suffering from the biliary tract disease were compared to those from 22 normal cases. In order to obtain the duodenal juice easily and steadily, the radiopaque duodenal tube was applied.
1. Microscopically observing the bile konkrement in all of the 83 cases, cholesterol crystal and calcium bilirubinate granules were recognized in over 80% of the, patients with the gall stones were recognized in the most of such patients who have cholesterol crystals or calcium bilirubin pigment in the dilute “B” or “C” biles.
2. In 11 patients (33%) with positiv or negativ gall bladder ston schadow on the cholecystography (Telepaque and Biligraf in).
3. Attempting to observe the crystal formation, the “B” bile and the bile obtained by the punction in-to the gall bladder were dried on the watch glass at 38°C. from the alone results, it appears that the fern-shaped crystal is recognized in only cholelithiasis cholecystitis and not in normal cases.
4. The removed gall stones have been analyses by the infra red-ray spectrophotometer. The application of this spectrophotometer for the analysis increases our knowledge concerning the gall stone.
The results show that more cholestelin stone is recognized than bilirubin stone, then cholestelin crystal is also remarkably observed with microscope. Gall stone is recognized in female more than in male.

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