Along with various clinical laboratory tests conducted on 135 cases of acute viral hepatitis, a total of 172 needle biopsies were made to conduct histopathological examinations with an emphasis placed on the intrahepatic cholestasis.
1) Those cases having extensive parenchymal damages such as swlling, subtiliation, necrosis etc.in liver cells, demonstrated in general higher serum bilirubin values, however, many cases were found to be lacking jaundice even the damages were of more thanmoderate degree.
2) The incidence rate of intrahepatic cholestasis such as bileplug in cholangiole, sinusoidal and intracellular cholestasis, were 23.1 per cent of all of the cases.
The incidence were found most numerously between the increasing stage and the peak of the serum bilirubin values, and the more marked the jaundice was, the greater tendency of having such incidence was found.
Therefore 32.3 per cent of acute viral hepatitis with jaundice were found to have such incidence.
3) There were some cases where the perenchymal damages were slight, and yet the marked intrahepatic cholestasis and the fairly marked jaundice were present, that were considered to be the intermediate type between the typical acute viral hepatitis and the so-called cholangiolitic hepatitis.
4) Whereas the intrahepatic cholestasis were most marked between the increasing stage and the peak of serum bilirubin values with the significant correlation, the parenchymal damages were relatively slight with no significant correlation to the serum bilirubin values.
Thus, some cases were proven to be present to demonstrate that the mechanism producing the intrahepatic cholestasis might play a fairly important role, besides the parenchymal damages, in the mechanism of producing jaundice in acute viral hepatitis in such stages.

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One hundred cases of the cascade stomach complicated with cholecystopathia were clinically obseved.The data obtained were as follows.
1) These cascade stomachs belonged to the type of the functional cascade stomach.
2) Important matter of observation.
A) Subjective symptoms:
There were epigastralgia, hypochondralgia, nausea, vomiting and hyperacidity syndrome as chief compaints. It was interesting to observe dysphagia and neurotic syndrome.
B) Objective symptoms:
a) Pressure puncture on the abdominal wall:
There were many pressure punctures on the abdominal wall, but the positive rate of Kudo's pressure puncture on the gall-bladder was found in higher degree.
b) Palpative method in the elevated position of the waist:
Over a half of all cases was positive in this method.
c) Gastric juice and bile:
Hypoacidity and anacidity in 60% were found, and genarally a decrease of the bilirubin content of B-bile was found.
d) Parasite egg:
It was important that the functional changes of the gall-bladder and the bileducty caused by ascaris parasitism were found.
e) Cholecystography:
Dysfunction of the gall-bladder was found among over a helf of all the cases.
f) The functional test of the autonomic nervous system:
Uneasy state of the parasympathic nervous system was found in many cases by the medicament test. Secondly the tense situation of the sympathic system and that of the parasympathic nervous system were found.

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Serial determiaations of the degree of hepatic dhsfunction is necessary when studying the effect of various substances in experimental hepatic damage (rabbits).However, hep-atic function tests which can be done on one animal repeatedly during a short period of time are fem. Although there is a hepatic function test devised by Ida and Nagazumi which utilizes the diphenylamine color reaction to measure the blood fructose concentration, the fructose determination in done by dilution colorimetry which is not without the fault of being lacking in accuracy. Therfore, the present study was designed to increase the reliability of the hepatic fnnction test which uses fructose, by making the fructose determination more accurate through the use of a photometer.
For the above purpose, a photometric fructose determination done by using a naphtoresorcine color reaction was studied, with the following results. It was made clear that the blood fructose concentration could be measured, after administration of fructose, with this procedure. It was also confirmed that it is possible to make clear the degree of hepatic dysfunction by determining the blood fructose level, in normal rabbits and in rabbits given venous poisons, 5, 20 and 45 minutes after an intrevenous injection of 0.5 grams of fructose per kilogram of body weight.
This hepatic function test could be done on the same healthy rabbit every day for 3 to 7 days without any deleterious effect. By performing this test once every other day on rabbits given poisons, the course of the hepatic dysfunction could be followed closely. Furthermore, this test can be used very effectively to determine accurately the effect of therapeutic drogs on rabbits with hepatic dysfunction by performing the test every other day. Thus, it can be said that this hepatic function test is a suitable test fos following the effect of therapeutic durgs in rabbits with experimenta hepatic damage.

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A hepatic function test which consists of an intravenous fructose loading followed by blood fructose determinations was studied. The fructose determination was done by a photometric method which utilizes the naphtoresorcine color reaction. The subjects used were divided into two groups, and one recieved 0.1 gram and the other 0.3 grams of fructose per kilogram of body weight intravenously. The blood fructose values 3, 20 and 40 minutes after the injection were added and the sum was expressed as the combined blood fructose level. This level was studied in normal controls and in patients with hepatic diseases with the following results.
1. Patients with hepatic diseases have decreases in the ability to metabolize fructose in the liver as compared to normal controls.
2. In the group given 0.1 gram of fructose per kilogram of body weight, the decrease in the decrease in the ability to metabolize fructose was especially prominent in cases with severe hepatic disease. Approximately the same tendency was found in the group which was given 0.3 grams of fructose per kilogram of body weight.

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Report I.Effect of the Vagotomy upon the Action Potential of Gastrointestinal Tract
Electromyographic study of the gastrointestinal tract were performed in dogs pre-operatively, immediately after vagotomy, one day, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days after the operation.Recording were done under the following way.The dogs were anesthetized with nembutal and action potential were introduced directly from serous membrane of the stomach body, pylorus, duodenum, ascending and descending colon with bipolar electrodes simulaeoustaneously.The data obtained from the analysis of the spike wave, number of spikes, appearance of the burst and number of spike groups in every minute.
The resurt obtained were as follows:
1. Total number of spikes in a minutes decreased in duodenum after vagotomy and the depressing effect was the highest in duodenum but the temporary accererative effect after vagotomy were observed in pylorus.
2. Number of the spike groups appearing in a minute were devided approximately into three groups.In stomach and pylorus it was 5 times, in duodenum and ileum, 16 times and 8 times in ascending and descending colon.The order of the number of grouping were not altered after vagotomy.
3. Spike burst of G. I.tract decreased after vagotomy.Until 7 days after operation, it showed mild tendency of recovery but after operation 14 days it disappeared or remarkably depressed in all G. I.tract except stomach body.
4. Effect of vagotomy were observed more in the upper G. I.tract but lesser in the lower G.I.tract.
Report II. Effect of the tow Drugs upon the Action Potential in Gastrointestinal Tract before and after Vagotomy
The above mentioned recording proceedure were performed in order to study the effect of sympathethic stimulants and depressants upon gastrointestinal tract.Imidalin and Ephedrine wers selected as a sympathetic stimulants and depressing drugs.Recording of the E.M.G.were done in the same days as report 1.pre-and post-operatively.
1. Accelerating effect with Imidalin, and depressing effect of Ephedrine upon potential after vagotomy were observed until 7 days after the operation but 14 days postoperatively these drugs did not show significant effect upon the G.I.tract.
2. Depressing effect of Ephedrine upon G.I.tract action potential were observed in the highest degree in pylorus in every period.
3. Accerarating effect of G.I.tract action potential following depressing effect of Ephedrine were observed in every period.
4. Depressing effect of Ephedrine is prevalent to the accererating effect of Imidaline after vagotomy.

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