As a part of research by the Matsukura Surgical Clinic on the mechanism of oliguria occurring in ileus, the author has made some biological observations on the variation of antidiuretic substances, and in addition, the changes in the Gomoriphile substance representing the secretory activity of antidiuretic substances in the hypothalamo-pituitary system.
I. 1) Serum antediuretic substance shows a remarkable increase during the course of ileus whether compound or simple. However, in compound ileus the increase is greater and occurs earlier than in the simple.
2) This increase of serum antidiuretic substances occurring in ileus can satisfactorily be prevented by administration of an anti-acetylcholine drug, Atropine, section of the vagus nerve and total resection of the intestinal canal below the point of obstruction.
II. 1) Antidiuretic substances in the hypothalamo-pituitary system show a marked decrease during the course of ileus whether compound or simple.
2) The decrease of antidiuretic substances in the hypothalamopituitary system during ileus can be effectively inhibited by administration of atropine, section of the vagus nerve and total resection of the intestinal canal below the point of obstruction.
III. 1) In normal dogs antidiuretic substances show practically no changes even if 0.01 mg/kg/cc of isotonic acetylcholine solution is injected into the carotid artery.
2) If. however, isotonic acetylcholine solution was injected into the carotid artery of the dog previously treated with an anti-cholinesterase agent, eserine (2 cc of 0.0025 percent solution per kilogram injected subcutaneously 1 hour previously), there occurs a distinct rise in the amount of antidiuretic substances, even though temperarily.
3) When isotonic acetylcholine solution was injected into the carotid artery of the normal dog, only a slight decrease of antidiuretic hormone of the hypothalamopituitary system occurs.
4) However, when isotonic acetylcholine solution was injected into the carotid artery of the eserine-treated dog, a marked -fall of antidiuretic hormone of the hypothalamopituitary system can be demonstrated.
IV. 1) (1) In normal dogs the Gomoriphile Substances of the paraventicular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus fill the body of nerve cells in the form of fine granules, the cell nucleus occupies nearly the center of the cell and its axone processes are also filled with the Gomoriphile Substances which, in the hypothalamo-hypohyseal tract, exist as the so-called Herring bodies assuming the form of broken lines, rosaries and other uneven ovoids.
(2) The Gomori-phile Substances of the infundibulum normally exist as fine or medium-sized granules, namely, the Herring bodies, paralleling the course of nervefibers in the inner layer, but they are hardly recognizable in the outer layer and Lobus tuberalis.
(3) Under normal conditions the Gomoriphile Substances of the posterior lobe of the hypophysis exist abundantly as fine granules, but the granules of over medium size, the Herring bodies, are present only sparrely. On the contrary, in the peripheral portion they are extremely abundant, displaying notably varied forms such as fine, medium-sized or giant granules.
In fact, the Gomoriphile substances are so abundant so that the principal cells of the posterior lobe can be hardly be recognized, being congregated particularly around the blood vessels.
2) (1) The Gomoriphile Substances of the paraventicular and supraoptic nuclei show a tendency to increase slightly during the first 4 hours after the establishment of ileus, However, beginning at about 8 hours the granules are moderately reduced in the paraventicular nucleus, and after 12 hours they are either markedly decreased or even disappear completely. In the supraoptic nucleus, the granules commence to diminish within 8 hours and markedly reduced by 12 hours.

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In this report the relationship between Takata reaction and Knnkel's zinc sulfate turbidity test (ZTT) in serum in 1686 normal and various sick individuals for the past one year has been described.
Both tests were performed simultaneously in the same serum.
The results were as follows.
1) It has been observed that the correlation between Takata reaction and ZTT was close and high.
2) The seasonable fluctuation in both tests was slightly observed. That is, in winter Takata reaction tended to be more positive, and ZTT unit tended to be lower in summer. The latter observation was opposite to the findings of Torii's report.
3) In normal individuals the ZTT unit was an average 8.3 ± 0.79 unit, normal range was from 4.5 to 12.5 unit throughout a year. These results were approximately the same as many reports.
4) 80.2 per cent out of all cases were negative in Takata reaction and 8.3 ± 0.79 unit in ZTT.
3.7 per cent out of all cases were plus-minus in Takata reaction and 14.4 ± 0.80 unit in ZTT.
5.6 per cent out of all cases were one plus in Takata reaction and 16.6 ± 0.79 unit in ZTT.
3.9 per cent out of all cases were two plus in Takata reaction and 18.2 ± 0.89 unit in ZTT.
3.6 per cent out of all cases were three plus in Takata reaction and 20.4 ± 0.87 unit in ZTT.
3.0 per cent out of all cases were four plus in Takata reaction and 88 per cent of these cases exceeded 21 unit in ZTT, especially those two-thirds over 25 unit.

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As a part of researches on Cholelithiasis in Matsukura Surgical Clinik, the author has made histological studies in detail on the gall-bladders removed from 127 patients clincally diagnosed as cases of cholelithiasis. and cholecystitis.
Attempts have been made to correlate these findings with clinical observations, and the results obtained may be summarized as follows.
1) This series of 127 cases consists of 46 males (41 cases with stones and 5 without) and 81 males (71 patients with stones and 10 without), the ratio thus being 1: 1.7. In age the greated majority was between 3/and 60 years, the peak being in the forties. However, there were 19 aged patients over 61 years, while 9 patients were under 30 years. Nearly two-thirds of the patients were operated upon within 2 years after the onset of the disease, while the remainder were not so treated in as long periods as 5 or 10 years. Furthermore, there were 4 out of 15 instances without the stones with a lapse of over 5 years.
2) There were 112 instances of stone-formation and 15 without in this series of 127 cases. Of the former, cholesterol stones were seen in 62 cases (55%), bilirubin stones in 47 cases (42%), while inorganic stones were present only in two cases. The site formation for cholesterol stones (62 cases) was in the Gallbladder (48 cases or 77.4%) and in the common bile duct (14 cases or 23%), while for bilirubin stones (47 cases) in the gallbladder (22 cases or 46.8%) and in the common bile duct (25 cases or 53%). Inorganic stones in 5 cases were both in the gallbladder.
3) Icterus was noted in 73 (57.5%) of 127 cases but in 54 (42.5%) no icterus was detectable. In relation to the site of stone-formation, nearly one-half the total gallbladder cases presented icterus, of which 5 (7%) were markedly icterus. On the contrary, icterus was present in 27 (67.5%) of 40 cases with stones in the common bile duct, of which 10 (25%) cases were highly icteric, while 11 (26%) cases were without icterus. There were 4 (26.7 %) with icterus among 15 cases, in which no stone-formation was demonstrable, and one of these presented marked icterus.
4) In regard to the presence of bacteria in the bile, there were 63 (75%) out of 84 instances examined in which bacteria could be demonstrable. The frequency of positive findings was: 32 (91.4%) of 35 instances of bilirubin stone; 23 (61%) of 38 instances of cholesterol stones; 6 (67%) of 9 instances without stones; and both of 2 cases with inor ganic stones.
5) In cholecystitis with stone-formation, 11.5% showed acute inflammatory picturs, the same percentages markedly acute symptons, 20% combination of acute und chronic pictures, while the remaining 57%, only mildly chronic pictures. On the contrary, in cholecystitis without stone-formation, the majority (87%) presented mildly chronic symptoms, but a few (13%) showed highly acute pictures.
6) Symptoms varying from acute to chronic inflammation were noted in 42-45% ofstone cases in the gallbladders, but the rate was lower (33%) in patients with stones in the common bile duct.
7) In bilirubin cholelithiasis the inflammation of the gallbladder was marked in 50%, but on cholesterol cases the rate was lower (41%).
8) A parallel relationship was obtained between the number of white blood cells and the degree of gallbladder inflammation, but there were some instances showing no leukocytosis despite the presence of highly inflammatory symptoms.
9) Strawberry gallbladder was seen in 4 cases, of which 3 had cholesterol stones, all showing histological pictures of chronic cholecystitis.
10) The incidence of lymph nodule formation on the walls of gallbladder was 37.8%, being most frepuently seen in cases of markedly chronic inflammation, and the frepuency of its appearance was highest in the perimuscular connective tissue layer, followed by the mucous layer.

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Ten cases of periodic paralysis associated with hyperthyroidism were studied. Demonstration of the induction of attacks in all ten individuals by the administration of glucose, insuline and cortisone was shown and the conclusions were as follows:
1) In clinical course, disappearance of spontaneous attacks of paralysis with cure of the hyperthyroidism was observed in all ten cases, and the attacks did not occur even provocation in 4 cases, and developed again by recurrence of hyperthyroidism in 2 cases. From these data, it was concluded that there is definite evidence of a relationship between periodic paralysis and hyperthyroidism.
2) Concerning attacks of paralysis, the essential phenomenon is that, of an abnormal acceleration of carbohydrate metabolism caused by hyperthyroidism. The attacks were associated with a remarkable fall of serum potassium and phosphorus, which was reflected in an increased intake of potassium and phosphorus by the cells.
3) Cholinesterase activities of corpuscle and plasma in the blood did not increase. Electromyographic findings showed a low amplitude of neuromuscular unit voltage, but histological findings of muscle during attacks showed no pathological features.
4) In eight cases, electrocardiographic findings sufficiency agreed with changes in hypokalemia.
5) Mechanisms of attacks of paralysis is infered as follows:(Attacks stimulating procedures)

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The attitude of the gastric juice in patients with cholecystopathia of the 1st Department of Internal Medicine of the Iwate Medical College and the Matsuo Medical Clinic, particularly the back-flowing phenomenon of the bile into the stomach in such a condition, has been studied giving the following results as follows:
1) 40.9% of the patients of the 1st Department of Internal Medicine of the College demonstrated distubances in the gastric juice secretion, while at the Matsuo Medical Clinic the disturbance of the same was only noted in 30%. The unexpectedly low percentage in the latter group of patients was presumed, to the author's opinion, to be due to detection of the condition in its early stage.
2) Subjective symptoms of the condition, such as colic pains in the right epigastrium, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, headache, and general langour were noted mainly in patients with hypoacidity.
3) Objective symptoms of the condition, such as gall bladder tender point, positive reactivity of urobilin-reaction in the urine, vowiting of ascaris lumbricoides, positive signs of both the ascaris nit and anchylostoma nit in the feces, pathologic signs of B-bile (existence of green shade in colour, decrease in its concentration activity, increase in the number of both the leucocytes and the epithelial cells, existence of the ascaris nit, the anchylostoma nit and the gall sands, increase in the alkalinity of the duodenal juice) and positive disordered signs in the x-ray examinations (particularly signs demonstrating decrease in the contraction activity of the gall bladder, fault contrast, deformity, prolongation in the contrast-appearance-time, adhesion of the duodenal bulb) were detected mostly in patients with hypoacidity. Autonomic nerve function tests in the patients made known that they were, as a rule, of the mixed type (G, G₁, G₂).
4) The back-flowing phenomenon of the bile into the stomach was found in 77% of the patients. These patients comparing with other patients without the back-flowing phenomenon had more striking clinical symptoms, particularly more frequent colic pains and higher alkalinity in the duodenal juice, and further the continuance of the condition was more longer.

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