The usage of paprica in renal disease or in hypertensive patients is commonly considered to be contraindicated. However there are quite few experimental studies upon these effect.
I studied the effect of paprica as mustard, curry, upon the renal function or clinical, signs in patients with chronic nephritis or with hypertension.
The results obtained are as follows.
1. Mustard administration increased the appetite of patients with chronic nephritis.
2. Renal clearance test following mustard administration (two gram) showed lowering RPF and this phenomenon is probably due to transient effect of mustard through sympathetic nerve.
3. Continuous usage of small amount of mustard or curry in one or two weeks did not give any significant effect upon clinical signs of patients with chronic nephritis or hypertension.
4. Continuous administration of one gram of mustard for a month did not show any significant change of kidney in rats pathologically.
5. From the results above mentioned suggested harmless usage of paprica in adequate amount for the patients with chronic nephritis as good appetizer.

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Report I. The sense of taste in normal individuals and in patients. And the relationship between taste and tongue coat, favorite and appetite.
Studies on the change of taste were done in normal individuals and in patients and further the relationship between taste and tongue coat, favorite and appetite were observed.
Result:
1. The threshold of sweet taste, sour, salty and bitter taste elevated in patients, as compared with the normal individuals.
2. In patients with tongue coat the threshold of taste is definitely elevated. Most striking elevation was sweet taste which was 0.49%, second was salty taste (0.19%) and then sour taste (0.035%). Bitter taste did not show any significant difference.
3. In patients with particular favorite of these taste except bitter, the threshold of favoue taste elevated contrary to elevated threshold of sour taste in patients without appetite.
Report II. Change of the threshold of taste in various disease and in various condition
Threshold of taste in 101 patients in diferent condition were studied. The relationship between taste and gastric acid content, blood sugar, serum electrolytes and sodium glutamate were studied.
Reslut:
1. In all patients the threshold of taste generally elevated. In patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer, elevation of sour taste and lowering of bitter taste were observed. In patients with hepatitis or cholecystitis elevation of sweet taste and mild lowering of salty taste and marked lowering of bitter taste were observed. In patients with liver cirrhosis elevation of sweet and bitter taste were observed, in particular the latter was striking. In patients with uremia or nephritis marked elevation of sour taste, moderate lowering of sweet and bitter taste and in patients with diabetes marked elevation of sweet taste and lowering of bitter taste were observed.
2. In patients with low gastric acid secretion, elevation of sweet and bitter taste, in patients with high gastric acid secretion elevation of sour taste were observed.
3. No definite relation between taste and serum electrolytes was observed.
4. In patients with high blood sugar the positive correlation between blood sugar and sweet taste was observed.
5. In accordance with the recovery of the clinical condition the threshold of taste returned into the normal range.
6. The threshold of taste with scdium glutamate was 0.041+0.012%. Threshold of sweet and bitter taste elevated with glutamate administration but marked lowering of sour taste and no changes of salty taste was observed.

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It has already been clarified that the synthesis of serum albumin is made in the liver, and in this processes hepatic pentose nucleic acid plays a very important role. On the other hand, the existence of enzymes is known to be necessary to the metabolic processes of the living body. And now, an attempt has been made to investigate the relationship between serum proteins and hepatic enzymes by clarifying the role of the latter in the synthesis of the former, and also to investigate the changes in several liver functions by clarifying whether the regeneration of serum proteins was accompanied with the acceleration or depression of the liver functions during the accelerated production of serum proteins following acute plasmapheresis (Ph).
Methods: 16 dogs fed with standard diet were divided into two groups (A and B). In group A, serum proteins, hepatic nucleic acids and hepatic enzyme activities (arginase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, specific and non-specific cholinesterase, and succinic dehydrogenase) were measured three times, i. e., before Ph, one day after, and 7 days after. In group B, the determination of serum proteins and the test of liver functions, such as serum cholinesterase activity, plasma prothrombin time, congored index and bromsulfalein retention test, were carried out periodically as in group A.
Results: 1) In group A, acute Ph resulted in a prompt and remarkable increase in serum albumin which was accompanied by a significant increase in hepatic pentose nucleic acid, as shown in Nakai's report. In hepatic enzyme activities, arginase and catalase showed a significant increase after Ph. Alkaline phosphatase activity showed a tendency to increase after a week, but the change was not statistically significant.Acid phosphatase, specific and non-specific cholinesterase, and succinicdehydrogenase showed no significant change.
2) In group B, serum proteins showed a similar change as in group A, following acute Ph. Concerning the liver functions, serum cholinesterase activity decreased on the following day and returned to the control level after a week. Plasma prothrombin time was slightly shortened by acute Ph and bromsulfalein retention test and congo-red index showed no significant change.
Conclusions: In hepatic enzyme activities, changes in the arginase and catalase fairly well paralleled with the changes in serun albumin following acute Ph, and so it may safely be concluded that hepatic arginase and catalase will participate in certain metabolic processes of serum proteins. The significance of hepatic alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, specific and non-specific cholinesterase, and succinic dehydrogenase was not apparent in this experiment. From the results in group B, it is presumed that the liver functions which seem to participate in metabolism of proteins, such as serum cholinesterase activity and plasma prothrombin time, are influenced by acute Ph. In this experiment, no direct relationship was found between the reticulo-endothelial function measured by congo-red index and the formation of serum globulin. It was found that the function of foreign body excretion examined by bromsulfalein retention test had not been affected by Ph.

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In acute depletion of blood cell (Rh), the liver would be exposed to rapid hypoxic state which might influence on various metabolism in the liver. In order to clarify the effect of acute Rh on the serum proteins, hepatic nucleic acids, hepatic enzymes, and several liver functions, the following experiments were made.
Methods: 14 dogs fed with standard diet were divided into two groups (A and B). Acute Rh was performed on both groups, and serum proteins, hepatic nucleic acids, and hepatic enzyme activities (arginase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, specific and non-specific cholinesterase, and succinic dehydrogenase) were periodically measured, i. e., before Rh, one day after, and seven days after, in group A. In group B, the serum proteins and liver functions, such as serum cholinesterase activity, plasma prothrombin, time, congo-red index, and bromsulfalein retention test, were determined periodically.
Results: 1) In group A, albumin showed a slight decrease initially but had a tendency to increase slightly after a week, while a-globulin showed a tendency of mild increase, and 48- and i-globulins did not show any significant changes statistically. Change in hepatic pentose nuclic acid was not statistically significant. In hepatic enzyme activities, arginase showed no significant change, while catalase decreased on the following day and returned to the control level on the seventh day. Alkaline phosphatase considerably increased initially and showed a slight increase afterward. Of changes in acid phosphatase, specific and non-specific cholinesterase, and succinic dehydrogenase, it could not be decided to be statistically significant.
2) In group B, acute Rh resulted in the similar changes in serum proteins as shown in group A. In liver functions, changes in serum cholinesterase activity, congo-red index and bromsulfalein retention test, were statistically not significant, while plasma prothrombin time showed a tendency of prolongation by acute Rh.
Conclusions: Acute Rh did not remarkably effect on serum albumin, hepatic nucleic acids and liver functions. As to the change in hepatic catalase, it was conjectured that the initial fall might be caused by stress, and recovery afterward might be concerned with the formation of hemoglobin. The increase in alkaline phosphatase activity might also be accounted for stress reaction.

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