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—Contractile Proteins in Smooth Muscle of Bovine Cerebral Artery—
Takuji TAKAGI, Hidekazu FUKUOKA, En-Chow TAN, Nobuo ITOH, Ken HOTTA
1989 Volume 29 Issue 7 Pages
557-562
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2006
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Understanding of the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm requires basic study of the contraction mechanism of cerebral arteries. In this study, the morphological and biochemical properties of actomyosin from bovine cerebral arteries were examined. Arrays of thick and thin filaments were clearly seen on electron micrographs of a cross section of a muscle strip stretched to 1.5 times its normal length in Krebs-Ringer solution. The diameters of the thick and thin filaments were 110.0 ± 19.9 A and 51.0 ± 8.0 A, respectively. The average ratio of thick to thin filaments was about 1:15 to 1:16. The gel pattern of Ca
2+-sensitive actomyosin extracted from bovine cerebral arteries revealed the presence of myosin, actin, and tropomyosin, but not skeletal troponin. The Mg-ATPase activity of actomyosin was greatly enhanced in the presence of Ca
2+. Rapid superprecipitation occurred after the clearing phase, when 1 mM Mg-ATP was added to a suspension of actomyosin with 10
-5 M Ca
2+. This superprecipitation did not occur with a lower Ca
2+ concentration of 10
-8 M. Intracellular free Ca
2+ appears to play a crucial role in the regulation of contraction and relaxation of cerebral arterial smooth muscle.
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Hidenori KOBAYASHI, Minoru HAYASHI, Hirokazu KAWANO, Yuji HANDA, Masan ...
1989 Volume 29 Issue 7 Pages
563-566
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2006
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Unilateral carotid endarterectomy was performed microsurgically in 60 rats. The effects of perioperative administration of aspirin and flunarizine, a Ca
2+ entry blocker, on thrombus formation were examined 24 hours after endarterectomy. An untreated group of endarterectomized rats served as controls. Platelet adhesion, blood cells, and fibrin cords were observed at the cut edge of the intima as well as in the endarterectomized area in all three groups. However, these findings were significantly more extensive in the control group than in the drug-treated groups. Flunarizine was as effective as aspirin in inhibiting platelet adhesion and fibrin cord formation. Both drugs significantly increased the patency rate after carotid endarterectomy.
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Yoshiyuki NOGUCHI, Minoru HAYASHI, Yuji HANDA, Hidenori KOBAYASHI, Hir ...
1989 Volume 29 Issue 7 Pages
568-572
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2006
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The effects of intraventricular application of norepinephrine (NE) on the development of vasogenic edema was studied in mongrel dogs randomly divided into a control and an experimental group (NE group). Vasogenic edema was produced by infusion of a 2.0 M NaCl solution (hypertonic saline) unilaterally into the carotid artery. NE (40μg/kg) was injected into the lateral ventricle 30 minutes before the infusion of hypertonic saline, after which intracranial pressure (ICP) and systemic blood pressure were continuously recorded. The animals were sacrificed 2 hours after the infusion of hypertonic saline and brain tissues were sampled from both hemispheres for measurement of the water content. Infusion of hypertonic saline produced a marked increase in ICP in the control group and a lesser increase in the NE group. The mean ICP in the control group was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that of the NE group from 30 to 120 minutes after saline infusion. The water content of the salineinfused hemisphere was significantly higher than that of the contralateral hemisphere in the control group, whereas the difference was not significant in the NE group. These results suggest that intraventricular administration of NE may protect against the development of intracranial hypertension due to vasogenic edema.
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Masaki KOMIYAMA, Akira HAKUBA, Toshihiro YASUI, Hisatsugu YAGURA, Yosh ...
1989 Volume 29 Issue 7 Pages
573-578
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2006
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To evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of intracavernous pathology, T
1-weighted spin echo images of four vascular lesions and 10 neoplastic lesions with surgically confirmed cavernous sinus (CS) invasion were reviewed retrospectively. In one case of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) and one of dural arteriovenous malformation (AVM), the internal carotid artery (ICA) and rapid shunted flow were depicted as signal voids, and the relationship between the ICA and shunted flow was clearly shown. Normal venous flow appeared as a low-intensity area and was observed even in the presence of the CCF and dural AVM. In two cases of thrombosed aneurysms, the thrombosis was clearly demonstrated, along with patent arterial flow in one case; in the other case, however, it was impossible to differentiate patent arterial flow from calcification. The intensity of all neoplastic lesions was similar to that of the cerebral cortex. The relationship between the ICA and the tumors was clearly demonstrated. The visual pathways were also plainly shown unless they were involved, or markedly compressed, by tumor. CS invasion was strongly associated with four findings: 1) encasement of the ICA by the tumor; 2) marked displacement of the ICA; 3) absence of low intensity, which reflects normal venous flow, in the CS; and 4) extension of extrasellar tumors to the medial wall or of intrasellar tumors to the lateral wall. MR imaging was judged promising in the evaluation of intracavernous pathology.
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—Case Report—
Saburo SAKAKI, Takao HATAKEYAMA, Shiro OHUE, Yasuko NAKAMURA, Hiroshi ...
1989 Volume 29 Issue 7 Pages
579-582
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2006
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A neonate born after an uncomplicated, full-term pregnancy was evaluated for acute-onset intermittent vomiting and bradycardia at 3 days of age. Computed tomography showed an intracerebellar hematoma and symmetrical dilatation of the ventricles. No abnormal vascularity was demonstrated by angiography. The hematoma and an angiomatous lesion in the cerebellum were removed through a suboccipital craniectomy when he was 21 days old. The histological diagnosis was angiomatous malformation. He is developing normally at 10 months of age. Arteriovenous malformation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracerebellar hematoma in any newborn whose delivery did not involve trauma or hypoxia and who has no hemorrhagic diathesis.
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—Report of Two Cases—
Seisho ABIKO, Tetsuo YAMASHITA, Shigeki NAKANO, Masami FUJII, Hideo AO ...
1989 Volume 29 Issue 7 Pages
583-587
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2006
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The main cause of recurrent stenosis within 24 months of carotid endarterectomy is myointimal hyperplasia. In these cases, reoperation is technically difficult because there is no true plane of dissection between the recurrent plaque and the remaining vessel wall. The authors present two cases of early recurrent stenosis after carotid endarterectomy, both of which were successfully treated by an interposed saphenous vein graft. In the first case, angiography suggested that the recurrent stenosis was due to atherosclerosis. In the second case, however, myointimal hyperplasia was suspected to be the cause, and this was confirmed by histological examination of the surgical specimen. The authors' experience indicates that anastomosis with an interposed saphenous vein graft is a reliably effective treatment for early recurrent carotid stenosis.
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—Report of Two Cases—
Tomoo FURUI, Akihiro YAMADA, Kinjiro IWATA
1989 Volume 29 Issue 7 Pages
588-591
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2006
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We describe two cases of subdural hematoma as a complication of thrombocytopenia and coagulation deficiency due to liver cirrhosis. Both patients were treated surgically despite uncorrected hemostatic deficiency. There have been no reports of similar cases in the literature.
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—Case Report—
Katsuzo KIYA, Tohru UOZUMI, Katsuya EMOTO, Takashi MATSUOKA
1989 Volume 29 Issue 7 Pages
592-595
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2006
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The authors present a case of a ruptured anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm at the right internal auditory meatus, the incidence of which is thought to be very rare. The patient experienced sudden onset of headache, vomiting, and right tinnitus. Moderate right peripheral facial paresis, hearing disturbance and diplopia appeared 2 weeks after the onset. These signs and symptoms improved to some extent after successful clipping of the aneurysmal neck.
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—Case Report—
Takashi MINAKAWA, Tetsuo KOIKE, Ryuichi TANAKA
1989 Volume 29 Issue 7 Pages
596-599
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2006
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A 6-year-old male with bilateral lenticulostriate arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) had suffered an intraventricular hemorrhage at the age of 10 days. Transfemoral cerebral angiography performed 6 years later revealed bilateral AVMs at the basal ganglia accompanied by vascular anomalies. Both AVMs appeared inoperable, and were treated conservatively. Bilateral, symmetrical cerebral AVMs are extremely rare, only three such cases having been reported.
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—Case Report—
Iwao NISHIURA, Tsunemaro KOYAMA, Jyoji HANDA, Shigeru AMANO
1989 Volume 29 Issue 7 Pages
600-605
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2006
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A 38-year-old male who presented with trigeminal nerve paresis was found to have a cerebellopontine angle tumor. The tumor was subtotally removed. Multiple histological sections showed no malignant changes, and the diagnosis was typical epidermoid cyst. Tumor growth recurred twice and the diagnosis after the third operation was epidermoid carcinoma. A review of the available literature yielded only 22 reported cases of malignant intracranial epidermoid cyst.
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—Case Report—
Hideichi TAKAYAMA, Katsuji NAKAGAWA, Satoru ONOZUKA, Yukio IBATA, Youi ...
1989 Volume 29 Issue 7 Pages
606-609
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2006
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A nonfamilial case of Turcot syndrome (glioma-polyposis syndrome) is described. A 16-year-old male with no siblings first developed a frontal astrocytoma, and was later found to have colonic polyposis with adenocarcinoma. The family history was negative for the syndrome, but his parents were first cousins.
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—Case Report—
Kazuyoshi MORIMOTO, Makoto ABEKURA, Yasuo NII, Susumu NAKATANI, Toru H ...
1989 Volume 29 Issue 7 Pages
610-613
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2006
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A 2-year-old boy suffered nodding attacks (infantile spasms) that were refractory to anticonvulsants. Computed tomography showed a mass with cystic components in the right temporal lobe, and electroencephalography (EEG) disclosed polyspike and wave discharges in the bilateral temporoparietal regions. At surgery, a firm, gray, well circumscribed tumor was radically removed. The nodding attacks disappeared immediately after surgery and EEG improved gradually. The pathological diagnosis was grade 1 astrocytoma with abundant capillaries and calcospherites. He remained free of seizures during the following 6 years.
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—Case Report—
Takeshi HASEGAWA, Toshio KOMAI, Masahiro KITABAYASHI, Kiyotoshi YAMANO
1989 Volume 29 Issue 7 Pages
614-618
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2006
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A 61-year-old male with right facial pain and hearing loss was found to have a cerebellopontine angle epidermoid tumor that extended downward through the foramen magnum into the upper cervical spinal canal. The tumor was removed except for a small fragment of its capsule adherent to the brainstem. Only three such tumors with caudal extension have been reported.
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—Case Report—
Tatsuya NISHIOKA, Akinori KONDO, Ikuhiro AOYAMA, Katsumi SHIMOTAKE, Ju ...
1989 Volume 29 Issue 7 Pages
619-623
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2006
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The authors present the case of a 32-year-old female with a hard, bony mass on her left forehead, present for several years, which rapidly increased in size after she became pregnant. Neuroradiologically, the tumor appeared to have originated in the interosseous space, and it invaded the subgaleal and intracranial spaces as the pregnancy advanced. The tumor was explored and removed after delivery. Light and electron microscopic studies verified that it had the characteristics of a typical meningotheliomatous meningioma. Interosseous meningiomas are biologically and morphologically similar to intracranial meningiomas and must be followed carefully during pregnancy because of their potential for rapid growth at this time.
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