Neurologia medico-chirurgica
Online ISSN : 1349-8029
Print ISSN : 0470-8105
ISSN-L : 0470-8105
Volume 35, Issue 6
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
  • Toyotaka AIBA
    1995 Volume 35 Issue 6 Pages 347-352
    Published: 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The characteristics of isolated and subcultured Mongolian gerbil brain microvessel endothelial cells (BECs) were investigated, especially the disappearance of blood brain barrier (BBB) functions, and subcultured BECs were co-cultured with gerbil glial cells to assess a mass-producible BBB filter model. The subcultured cells lost specific characteristics observed in freshly isolated BECs, such as limited permeability to albumin and inulin, high γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, and strong connections between individual cells. The subcultured BECs did not regain BBB functions during co-culture with glial cells, even derived from the same species. Only freshly isolated endothelial cells can be used for the BBB filter model, and a mass-producible BBB filter model may be impossible to make.
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  • Eiichirou URASAKI, Sumio UEMATSU, Ronald P. LESSER
    1995 Volume 35 Issue 6 Pages 353-359
    Published: 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The intracranial spatiotemporal distributions of brainstem auditory evoked potentials were analyzed in two patients with epilepsy to study the dipole directions of waves III and V, previously found to have a horizontal and a vertical dipole, respectively. Depth electrodes were implanted bilaterally into the frontal and temporal lobes of these patients, the targets including the amygdala and hippocampus which are close to the upper pons and midbrain. Recordings around the upper pons and from the subcortical area downwards along the dorsal aspect of the upper pons indicated that waves III and V are constructed of mixed dipoles, wave III also having a vertical dipole segment and wave V also a horizontal one. These results suggest that several neural activities from the upper pons to midbrain contribute to the generation of waves III and V.
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  • Katsumi MATSUMOTO, Eiji KOHMURA, Toshiaki FUJITA, Kouichirou TSURUZONO ...
    1995 Volume 35 Issue 6 Pages 360-363
    Published: 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A 42-year-old female presented with recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma mimicking the roentgenographic appearance of diffuse brain degeneration. Betamethazone was administered, but her condition worsened. Biopsy of a swollen neck lymph node demonstrated lymphoma cells. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed no contrast-enhanced lesions. T2-weighted MR imaging revealed diffuse, high intensity areas in the white matter of the bilateral cerebrum, basal ganglia, and brainstem. Despite chemotherapy for systemic lymphoma, she died of respiratory arrest. Histological examination of autopsy specimens showed diffuse infiltration of lymphoma cells in the perivascular space of the cerebral cortex, but little neovascularization. The absence of contrast enhancement may have been due to preservation of the blood-brain barrier. Histological confirmation of roentgenographic findings of brain degeneration is important in patients treated for primary central nervous system lymphoma.
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  • —Case Report—
    Takahisa FUSE, Takuji TAKAGI, Masao HIROSE
    1995 Volume 35 Issue 6 Pages 364-368
    Published: 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A 39-year-old male presented with an exceedingly rare primary intracranial epithelioid angiosarcoma in the right parietal lobe manifesting as weakness of the left hand. Neuroimaging revealed a well-defined intensely enhanced lesion in the right parietal lobe with peripheral cerebral edema. The tumor was grossly totally removed. Light microscopy of the surgical specimens revealed features typical of an epithelioid vascular tumor. The tumor cells showed intense positive immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin and vimentin and focally positive staining for both Ulex europaeus agglutinin and antihuman endothelial cells, CD31. Tumor regrowth required two further operations. This progressive growth was consistent with an angiosarcoma. The tumor was diagnosed as an epithelioid angiosarcoma based on the histological and clinical characteristics. He became progressively obtunded and finally died. This is the first intracranial epithelioid angiosarcoma which expressed epithelial markers detectable by immunohistochemical methods.
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  • —Case Report—
    Shigeru MIYACHI, Masao WATANABE, Kazuhiko OKAMURA, Norio INOUE, Tetsuy ...
    1995 Volume 35 Issue 6 Pages 369-372
    Published: 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A 65-year-old male presented with rapidly progressive paraparesis and akinetic mutism due to occlusion of the bihemispheric anterior cerebral artery (ACA). He was treated by intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy but reocclusion of the arteriosclerotic lesion occurred. Bilateral superficial temporal artery (STA)-ACA anastomoses achieved lasting neurological improvement. Bilateral STA-ACA anastomoses are quite effective to prevent ischemia of the bilateral ACA territories.
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  • —Case Report—
    Katsuhisa KAWAJIRI, Miki KIYAMA, Koji HAYAZAKI
    1995 Volume 35 Issue 6 Pages 373-376
    Published: 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • —Case Report—
    Shizuo HATASHITA, Atsushi TAJIMA, Kazuhiko TAKEUCHI, Hideo UENO
    1995 Volume 35 Issue 6 Pages 377-379
    Published: 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A 37-year-old male presented with an arteriovenous malformation in the left temporal lobe associated with a large cyst. The cyst was drained and the nidus completely excised. The histological findings suggest that repeated subclinical hemorrhages from neovascular channels of the cyst membrane was responsible for the growth of the cyst.
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  • —Case Report—
    Hirofumi OYAMA, Yoshihisa KIDA, Takayuki TANAKA, Takanori IWAKOSHI, Ma ...
    1995 Volume 35 Issue 6 Pages 380-384
    Published: 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A 30-year-old male with Albright''s hereditary osteodystrophy, pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus presented with hemifacial spasm persisting for 2 years. This association is extremely unusual. Angiography revealed markedly tortuous carotid and vertebral arteries inconsistent with his age. Neurovascular decompression of the left vertebral artery achieved only partial resolution of the spasm.
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  • Toshio IMAIZUMI, Tsutomu SOHMA, Haruhiko HOTTA, Ichiro TETO, Hitoshi I ...
    1995 Volume 35 Issue 6 Pages 385-391
    Published: 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Injuries associated with traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) leading to death were analyzed in 11 patients, nine injured by traffic accidents, of which five were victims of car-pedestrian accidents. On admission, unconsciousness and respiratory arrest were noted in all patients, and cardiac arrest in nine. Skull and cervical roentgenograms revealed enlargement of the retropharyngeal space due to injury of the vertebral artery or its branches in nine patients, atlanto-axial dislocation (C-1-C-2 separation) in four, and skull fracture in four. Computed tomography demonstrated subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the upper cervical and posterior fossa in nine patients, fourth ventricular hematoma in seven, and atlas fracture in three. SAH and ventricular hematoma were due to craniocervical injury. Other common injuries were injury of face and head excluding the mandibular region in 10 patients, mandibular fracture in three, severe chest injuries in eight, and intraperitoneal bleeding in two. The overall outcome was poor. Nine patients died within 13 hours of admission, one was diagnosed as brain dead 8 days after the accident, and the other one survived in a persistent vegetative state. Early death is probably caused by associated severe injuries, i.e. chest injuries and intraperitoneal bleeding rather than AOD. Although injury of the mandibular region is known to be associated with AOD, head, breast, and abdominal trauma may also lead to neck hyperextension-flexion in various directions. Whatever the direct cause, a distractive force to the craniocervical joint by hyperextension-flexion appears to be important in the mechanism of AOD.
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  • —Case Report—
    Tatsuo TAKAHASHI, Kazuyoshi HATTORI, Kenji IMAGAWA, Akira ASAI, Akio K ...
    1995 Volume 35 Issue 6 Pages 392-394
    Published: 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2006
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A 16-year-old boy presented with segmental muscular atrophy of the bilateral distal upper extremities. Cervical spine x-ray films showed occult spina bifida from C-1 to T-1 associated with an abnormal long club-like bone located parallel to the epidural space between C-5 and C-7. In neck flexion, the cervical spinal cord was stretched and compressed to the posterior aspect of the vertebral body. Moreover, the dorsally placed abnormal bone migrated ventrally, indenting the dorsal portion of the spinal cord. This is quite an unusual case of so-called “flexion myelopathy, ” aggravated by the abnormal bone located dorsally.
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