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Volume 23, Issue 12
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Ôki NAKAYAMA, Kin-ichiro SAKAGUCHI1950 Volume 23 Issue 12 Pages 513-517
Published: October 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEight strains of aerobic, thermophilic, and spore-forming bacilli, which produce d-lactic acid up to 95% of sugar consumed, have been isolated from green malts, wheat bran and soil. They are identical with Microbaeteriurium ORLA-JENSEN in those characteristics such as decompo-sing hydrogen peroxide, reduction of nitrates, positive GRAM stain as well as a vigorous sur-face growth, but differ markedly in their thermophilic property and the formation of typical thermo-resistant endospores. They also stand apart from ordinary spore-forming rods in the ability of abundant formation of lactic acid. From the phylogenetic point of view, they might possibly be regarded as an intermediate form between Lactobacetriateae ORLA-JENSEN and Bacillaceae FISCHER (1895).
The characteristics of the organism are as follows: Spores Oval, terminal or sub-terminal, 08._??_1.2 by 1.4_??_1.7 microns. Killed in 20 min. at 100°C. Formed on yeast-, meat-. rice bran-, wheat bran-, potato-, corn-, soy bean-, or carrot extract agar, but not formed on bouillon agar added with more than 1% of glucose, where the pH value turns to lower than 4.5. Sporangia sometimes swollen at poles. Rods 0.4_??_0.8 by 3_??_6 microns with roun-ded ends, occurring singly, in pairs, or in short chains, showing bipolar staining with methylene blue, GRAM-positive. Non acid-fast. Agar colonies Circular, convex, white and entire (wort). Glucose gelatine stab: Surface growth white and raised, poor filiform growth along line of stab. No liquefaction. Wort: Turbid heavily showing “silky waves”, flocculent sediments. Ring on the wall in old cultures. Milk: Coagulated, acid, litmus reduced. Catalase: positive. Nitrates reduced. Voges-Proskauer positive. Indole and SH2 not formed. No gas produced from carbohydrates. d-Lactic acid produced from glucose in homo fermen-tative way. Acid from glucose, levulose, galactose, arabinose, trehalose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, dextrin and mannitol. No acid from inulin. Amylase present in most strains. Growth at 20°C, abundant at 37° and 50°. No growth at 60°. Aerobic, facultative.View full abstractDownload PDF (945K) -
Akira HANAOKA, Tokuya HARADA1950 Volume 23 Issue 12 Pages 517-521
Published: October 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThirteen strains of spore-forming lactic acid bacteria were isolated from fresh green malt by a new selection method using lactic acid maceration. Among these bacteria, one strain showed a good lactic acid fermentation and was named, for the time being, the J. II. bacterium. It differed from many other spore-forming lactic acid bacteria which had been reported in the literatures, but resembled closely to the new strain isolated by NAKAYAMA and SAKAGUCHI from green malt.
The living organism of the J. II. bacterium was less tolerant to lactic acid rather than other weak fermenting lactic acid bacteria, and died by 10 minutes maceration in N/10 lactic acid solution. But the spore of this strain sprouted even after 1 hour maceration in 1N acid solution. Here lies a significance of the authors' new selection method of lactic acid bacte-ria.View full abstractDownload PDF (1180K) -
Part I. Anthelmintic Action of the Essential Oil of the Black-Rotten Sweet PotatoHiroyasu WATANABE, Hisayoshi IWATA1950 Volume 23 Issue 12 Pages 521-524
Published: October 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Sweet potato was artificially black-rotten by inoculation of Ceratostomella fimtriata. The product was steam-distilled and the distillate was extracted, with ether. Thus, about 0.14% of essential oil was obtained.
2) By distillation under reduced pressure, five fractions were obtained. Fraction No. N (4mm Hg, 130_??_135°C) had strong bitter taste and was very toxic to animals, and was ascer-tained to be Ipomeamarone by the formation of 2, 4-dinitro-phenylhydrazone (mp. 148.5°C) and semicarbazone (mp. 132.5°C).
3) Fraction No. I (4mm Hg, below 120°C) was also very toxic to animals, but had no bitter taste. It was shown that this was something other than Ipomeamarone.
4) Anthelmintic action of each fraction of the essential oil was tested compared with . Santonin soluticn, and the order of toxicities against earthworms was as follows:
No. IV (4mm Hg, 130_??_135°C)>No. I (4mm Hg, below 120°C)>Santonin>No. III (4mm Hg. 125_??_130°C)>No. II ( 4mm Hg, 120_??_125°C)>No. V (mm Hg, 135_??_140°C).
5) Ipomeamarone, diluted 7500 times, killed earthworms by 75% within 6 hours, and by 100% within 20 hours. It was more toxic compared with Santonin under the same condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (366K) -
Hiromu MURAI1950 Volume 23 Issue 12 Pages 525-528
Published: October 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Caprylic (C8), capric (C10), lauric (C12) and myristic (C14) acids were obtained from coconut oil and their ammonium salts were prepared.
2. Their insecticidal powers were determined by using Minomushi (Clania minucula BUTLER). In the case of fatty acids, they were of dissolved to 25% and 50% in xylene. The order of insecticidal power was C8>C1O>C14>C12.
3. In case of ammonium salts, they were dissolved in water to 1%. The order of insecti-cidal power was C8>C10>C12_??_C14.View full abstractDownload PDF (403K) -
Part III. The Influence of Phosphate and pH Value to the Iodine Color ReactionKen-ichi TAKAOKA1950 Volume 23 Issue 12 Pages 528-532
Published: October 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhosphates had no influence upon the reversion of the iodine color reaction. But the hyd-rogen ion concentration of the reaction liquid concerned remarkably the iodine coloration. The reversion of iodine color'Occurred most rapidly by the optimum pH of α-amylase, for instance, at 4.8 by the mould amylase and at 7.0 by the bacteria amylase.View full abstractDownload PDF (416K) -
Part I. Analytical Observation of Various HopsYasuo UMEDA1950 Volume 23 Issue 12 Pages 533-538
Published: October 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnalyzing the hops produced from Germany, U.S.A., and Japan, we found that there were no special differences in ash and bitter contents of all hops, but the tannin contents of Ger-man and American hops were 2.5_??_3.5%, while the tannin content of domestic hops was 4_??_5%. The SO2 content of hops were for German hops 80_??_300mg%, for American hops 20_??_160mg%, and for domestic ones 20_??_40mg%.
Investigation on the hops decoctions revealed the following: the pH values for German hops•4.75_??_4.95, for American: 4.9_??_5.6, and for domestic: 5.4_??_5.7. The colours were for. German hops: light greenish yellow, for American: reddish or greenish yellow, and for do-mestic: reddish yellow. The quality of bitterness was for German hops mild, , and for American and domestic ones rough bitter.View full abstractDownload PDF (488K) -
Part I. On the Influence of pH and Temperature on the Velocity of the AutolysisSetsuko KOBAYASHI1950 Volume 23 Issue 12 Pages 539-542
Published: October 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI studied the influence of the hydrogen ion concentration and the temperature on the autolysis of chicken, pork, horse flesh and beef. The optimum hydrogen ion concentration of the mu-scle autolysis lies at albout pH 5. The optimum temperature of the muscle autolysis is about 35°. The temperature coefficient is 1.3 below 20°C, while it is 1.0 at about 20°.View full abstractDownload PDF (305K) -
Part II. On the Content of Tryptophane in Bull Semen, Spermatozoa and Seminal FluidIwao IWAMURA, Hidemasa HAMAKAWA, Yoshio NAKAHIRO1950 Volume 23 Issue 12 Pages 543-548
Published: October 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSColorimetric determinations of tryptophane by the methods with glyoxylic acid and with vanillin were made on the semen, spermatozoa, and seminal fluid of Holstein bulls. It was pointed out that the latter method was more convenient for the estimation of tryptophane in hydrolyzates of semen and spermatozoa. Furthermore, the samples of smaller amount were sufficient for measuring.
The average values of tryptophane per 100g. of the fresh samples were, semen 141.9, spermatozoa 197.0, and seminal fluid 212.9mg.; these values were, respectively, 1.41, 1.05, and 2. 19 per cent on the dry basis.
The ratio of tryptophane in spermatozoa to that in seminal fluid averaged 1:2.11 on the dry basis.
A rapid method was described for determinig tryptophane in the fresh samples of phys-iological materials. The results of such .a determination were found to agree well with those obtained in the baryta hydrolysates.View full abstractDownload PDF (593K) -
Part III. Some Informations about Cellulose-Decomposition by the Cellulose-Decomposing Bacteria and their MetabolismToshinobu ASAI, Koichi YAMADA, Kiyomoto UEDA, Tatsuo OKAMOTO1950 Volume 23 Issue 12 Pages 549-556
Published: October 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe selected several strains, which decompose cellulose vigorously, by shaking culture me-thod. Using two strains (Pseudomonas No. 306 and Pseudomonas No. 107) which showed the most intensive decompositions on inorganic nitrogen sources, we decided he optimum culture conditions. The main products of cellulose decomposition by Pseudomonas No. 306 were confirmed as CO2 and bacterial gum. The quantity of CO2 gas reac_??_ied to about 70% or more to the exhausted cellulose.
From the quantity of CO2 formed in the glucose culture and, remarkable quantity of glu-cose formed from cellulose by enzymic action, we considered that cellulose was decomposed to glucose and then metabolized into CO2 and water. Owing to the inhibiting action of glu-cose on the cellulose decomposition and little accumulation of glucose in the culture solution, we could assume that glucose formed from cellulose was metabolized instantly.
From the oxidative function of these strains, viz., the formation of 2-ketogluconic acid from gluconic acid, we considered that oxidative decomposition seemed to have some relation to the cellulose-decomposing metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (758K) -
1950 Volume 23 Issue 12 Pages 556
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (54K)
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