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Volume 23, Issue 6
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Osamu TANABE, Tadao NAKAMURA, Haruo TURU, Tetuo UTIDA, Yoneko YAMAGUTI1950 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 229-230
Published: January 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI. We selected Aspergillus oryzae suitable for Amylo-process.
Results obtained It is decided that 3 strains (Asp. orzae HAYAKAWA, Asp. oryzae A, Asp. Sake E.) are the most powerfull for liquefaction and saccharification of starch, and the most suitable for Amylo-process.View full abstractDownload PDF (176K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1950 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 230
Published: January 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSII. We selected Black Aspergillus suitable for Amyloprocess.
Results obtained: It is decided that 2 strains (Black Asp. R-15-0635 and R-7-0436) are the most powerfull for liquefaction and saccharification of starch.View full abstractDownload PDF (90K) -
Kiyoshi ASIDA, Sadaichi NAKAMURA, Takako BEBEKO1950 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 231-237
Published: January 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSd-Glucose in alkaline solution is in equilibrium as shown in formula (1).
If there is an acceptor of the hydrogen anion formed in this equilibrium, the reaction will proceed to the right and produce d-gluconic acid. As the acceptor one of the following was used ketones (cyclohexanone or acetone), double bond-containing compounds (cinnamic acid or maleic acid), nitrobenzene, or atonial oxygen (air). d-Glucose and the equivalent amount of one of these acceptors were dissolved in about 2% aqueous solution. of sodium hydroxide After the Raney nickel was suspended, this reaction mixture was shaken at the room temperature.
In all cases except nitrobenzene d-glucose was oxidised to d-gluconic acid, while these acceptors were reduced. In the case of nitrobenzene d-glucose was further oxidised.View full abstractDownload PDF (584K) -
Makoto ODA, Minoru HIRANO1950 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 237-239
Published: January 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPenicillin (200_??_600u/mL.) in broth was estimated by FORD's hydroxylamine method, using PULFRICH photometer with 530mμ filter. The error is less than 10%. Time needed for one sample is within 30min. When the cuvette of D=10mm was used, the factor for penicillin in broth is 3773 that for crystalline penicillin G is 3790. Alkali treatment is applicable in-stead of penillinase. Recovery tests gave 84_??_100%.View full abstractDownload PDF (76K) -
Part III. On the studies of the two strains of useful bacteria of which one can decompcse peptic substance and other cannotToshio NAKAHAMA, Junji AOKI1950 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 240-244
Published: January 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe two strains of aerobic bacteria industrially useful were isolated and named independently by us “Hemp I5” and “Hemp F”. “Hemp F” was classified as a new species Bacillus mesentericus var. Aoxl, since the characteristics of the bacteria were found not to be quite same with those of any species belonging to Bacillus mesentericus, to which “Hemp F” was similar. “Hemp I5” was effective for the retting of hemp fibre materials, because it presumably produced the enzyme which could decompose pectic substance. Bacillus mesentericus var. AOKI was as remarkably effective as “Hemp I5” for the retting of hemp, but it could not decompose pectic substance. From the result obtained above it was recognised that Bacillus mesentericus var. AOXl had symbiosistic action with bacteria which could decompose pectic substance, existing on hemp fibre materials or their deeping water.View full abstractDownload PDF (153K) -
Part IV. On the studies of two strains of useful, anaerobic bacteria for the retting of hemp fibre materials and their symbiosis with aerobic microörganismsToshio NAKAHAMA1950 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 245-249
Published: January 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS2 strains of anaerobic bacteria useful for the retting of hemp fibre materials were isolated by me from the same materials and named “AnB” and “F14B”.
The retting of hemp fibre materials was done by the pure cultures of “AnB” or “F14B”, respectively, and it was shown that they could decompose pectic substance of the materials.
B.mesenterieus var. Aoki, which could not decompose pectic substance, had so associative relationships between “AnB” or “F14B” that the retting of hemp fibre materials was done satisfactorily under the symbiosis of them.
“AnB” or “F14B” had also associative relationships between “Aerobic No. 3” or “hemp I5” which could decompose pectic substance as had been reported.
“AnB” and “F14B” were classified respectively as sorts of Clostridium sphenoides and Clostridium butyricum.View full abstractDownload PDF (165K) -
A Supplement to Part XVIIMatazo ABE1950 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 250-251
Published: January 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper(1) the author reported that the quantity of the ergot alkaloid which could be found both in the mycelium and in the culture medium at a certain period of the culturing process was considered to be the balance, in the former, between the total alkaloid permeated into cells and that decomposed therein, while in the latter, between the total alkaloid excreted into the culture medium and that permeated into cells therefrom, by that time; that is, the decrease of the ergot alkaloid in the culture medium culturing the ergot fungus was attributable, not to the decomposition, but to the permeation into cells.
In the present work the author has dealt with the observation that an ergot alkaloid in certain solutions decreases in the same manner as in the culture medium culturing the ergot fungus when these were subjected to microbial contamination. The study has resulted in the conclusion that the observation should also be ascribed to the permeation of alkaloid into cells.
View full abstractDownload PDF (76K) -
Part I. The Influence of Hydrogen-ion Concentration and Temperature on the Proteolytic Enzymes in the Polyhedral-diseased SilkwormsFumiko YOSHIHARA1950 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 252-254
Published: January 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe multiplication of viruses depends upon the denaturation or polymerization of normal protoplasma proteins in living tissues. Therefore, in order to clarify the mechanism of virus formation the metabolism in the cells must be investigated. As it has been generally recognized that the virus molecules are no more than the polymerized nucleoproteins, I have begun to study the changes and properties of proteases in the virus-diseased tissues. At first, the investigation on the nature of proteolytic enzymes in polyhedral-diseased silkworms was performed. The silkworm is the most suitable animal for this purpose, because it grows very rapidly and chemical changes in its body are vigorous. Furtheremore, this insect is easily attacked with a virus disease. The polyhedral-diseased silkworms were treated with acetone and an enzyme praparation was prepared. The proteolytic activity of this preparation is somewhat low in acid side, most weak at neutral reaction and strong at higher pH. The action of the protease is very weak below 10°, strongest at 50° and over 70° the activity is losta in few minutes. At all times it was found that the protease activity of diseased body is considerably higher than the activity of healthy one.View full abstractDownload PDF (315K) -
Part. II. Relation between Experimental Virus Formation and Proteolytic Activity of Silkworm BodyF. YOSHIHARA1950 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 254-257
Published: January 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper some properties of proteases of virus-diseased silkworm were described. I have assumed that before the formation of virus molecules in living cells protoplasma proteids, especially nucleoprotein must be rearranged. Furthermore it is supposed that the proteolytic enzymes in living tissues participate certainly in this rearrangement of proteins. As it was reported, in the silkworm body the virus can be formed by artificial means. A group of silkwors was warmed, the second group was fed with mulberry leaves which were wetted with a hydroxylamine solution and the third was given barium peroxide. The treated worms were attacked with a polyhedral disease. It was found that the proteolytic action of worm body was elevated by these treatments. The maximal activity of proteases was observed in the virus-diseased worm.View full abstractDownload PDF (432K) -
Yasaku WADA, Sotoshi SHIMBO, Minoru ODA, Jin-ichi NAGUMO, Kensuke SHIM ...1950 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 258-261
Published: January 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe apparent molal volume of amino acids in aqueous solutions increases with the ionic strength of other simple ions. The relation between molal volume and ionic strength was explained according to Kirkwood's theory. From the fact that this relation is equal for various α-amino acid, it was concluded that the hydration of hydrocarbon part was not accompanied with the electrostriction. Thus the two kinds of hydration are epxected for amino acids, or, more generally, for all water-soluble organic substances.View full abstractDownload PDF (340K) -
Part III. On a New Amide TheanineYajiro SAKATO1950 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 262-267
Published: January 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author discovered a new amide in the water extract of Japanese green tea, and named it “theanine”. This substance crystallizes in the form of colorless needle; molecular formula C7H14O3N2, melting point 217_??_218° (decompose), and [α]12 D=+7.1. It presents strong ninhydrin reaction. It is very soluble in water, and is dissolved in 2.6 times of water at 0° and 1.8 times of water at 100°, but insoluble in ethyl alcohol and ether. By hydrolysis of theanine, it gives L-glutamic acid and ethyl amine nearly quantitatively. From the fact that it shows no biuret reaction and that the natural glutamine is γ-amide, it seems very probable that theanine may be L-glutamic acid γ-ethyl amide. It is the first time that ethyl amine has been discovered, though not in a free state, in plant kingdom. The author has also studied the distribution of theanine in each stage of tea leaf developments. Gyokuro is rich (about 1%) in it, but Sencha is poor. It seems, therefore, that theanine assumes the analogous rôle of glutamine or asparagine in other plants though the destination of ethyl amine is yet unknown.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
Part IV. Isolation of Paltreubin[in Japanese]1950 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 268
Published: January 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author recently isolated a colorless needle crystal in the unsaponifiable part of ether extract of tea. Molecular formula of this substance is C30H50O2, m. p. 257_??_259°, and does not give Liebermann's reaction. It closely resembles paltreubin of JUNGFLEISCH and LEROUX (1906) as shown in the table above. Therefore, it seems to be paltreubin itselfmost probably.View full abstractDownload PDF (79K) -
Part V. Synthesis of TheanineY. SAKATO, T. HASHIZUME, Y. KISHIMOTO1950 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 269-271
Published: January 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreviously, one of the authors discovered a new amide in the water extract of Japanese green tea and named it theanine which was assumed to be L-glutamic acid γ-ethyl amide. Now we attempted to synthesize it according to the following scheme.
L-Glutamic acid→L-glutamic acid γ-ethyl ester
→N-cbz-L-glutamic acid γ-ethyl ester
→N-cbz-L-glutamic acid γ-ethyl amide
→L-glutamic acid γ-ethyl amide.
L-Glutamic acid γ-ethyl amide obtained here had m. p. 217_??_218° (decompose) and [α]20D=+7.0. The mixture with natural theanine (m. p. 217°) showed no depression of its m. p. Their Cusalts were also completely identical. Therefore, it is provedd that natural theanine is L-glutamic acid γ-ethyl amide itself.View full abstractDownload PDF (249K) -
Part III. Dry Preparation of Potato PhosphorylaseBunji MARUO1950 Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages 271-274
Published: January 01, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDry preparation of potato phosphorylase was prepared by dioxane precipitation. One part of phosphorylase solution was poured into two parts of dioxane, and the precipitate was centrifuged and washed by dioxane and ether. Then the precipitate was dried in a vacuum desicator.
Phosphorylase action of this dry preparation was comfirmed by a) iodine color reaction of synthesized starch, b) formation of inorganic phosphate from CoRI-ester, c) effect of starch on the rate of formation of inorganic phosphate from CoRI-ester and d) formation, of CORI-ester from starch and inorganic phosphate. This dry preparation is stable and kept its action for two years at room temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (320K)
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