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Volume 25, Issue 4
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Part. I. Production of Fodder Yeast from Sulphite Waste LiquorKoichi YAMADA, Takashi ITO, Akira KOYAMA, Yukihiko HANDA1951 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 173-177
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fodder yeast (Mycotorula japonica) production from sulphite waste liquor was investigated at the Inuyama Pulp Mill of. Toyo Spinning Co. with the results as follows; When ammonium results were obtained in general; in the case of no addition of phosphate the yield of the product was very low. Ammonium sulphate and calcium superphosphate should not be used together owing to the formation of gypsum precipitate. The most suitable nutrients were aq. ammonia and calcium superphosphate, especially when accompanied by the simultaneous use of KCl at 2% for sugar. When sulphite waste liquor containing 4.5% sugar was fed at the rate of 3.5l per hour for the total liquid volume of 18l, the yield of dry yeast was 39% and 61%, respectively, for the total and consumed sugar. Air was conducted at the ras:e of 1 or 1/2 volume for the fermenued liquor without showing any difference in the results.View full abstractDownload PDF (421K) -
Part 5. Stabilization of the Solution of Vitamin C. IIIYusuke SUMIKI, Kanji YAMAMOTO, Kenji SATAKE1951 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 178-180
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper of this series, it was found that thiourea, thioglycolic acid and reducetic acid were the effective antioxydants in the aq. soln. of l-ascorbic acid among 17 tested reagents. And it was also reported that the solution of reductic acid itself changed the colour of an indophenol soln. and so its stabilizing efficiency must be determined by feeding experiments with animals. First, in this paper it has been ascertained that reductic acid has no efficiency to preserve l-ascorbic acid by animal feeding experiments and the colour change of the indophenol soln. is due to the remaining reductic acid, and not to ascorbic acid.
Next, the derivatives of thiourea S-methyl-iso-thiourea (I), N-methyl-thiourea (II), N-phenyl-thiourea (III), N, N-diphenyl-thiourea (IV), tetraphenyl-thiourea (V), and rubianic acid (VI)
_??_
were synthesized and tested for their efficiency to prevent the auto-oxydation of an ascorbic acid soln. The result was as follows. VI and V rather accelerated the oxidationthan the control containing only ascorbic acid; hydroquinone and I had similar effects and 80% of ascorbic acid was destroyed after 12 days; IV, 111. and thiourea were effective and among these 3 compounds thiourea was best, for example about 70% of ascorbic acid remained during 14 days under experimented conditions at 37°View full abstractDownload PDF (276K) -
Part 8. On the Anaerobic FermentationKin'ichiro SAKAGUCHI, Hajime TAKAHASHI, Jun'ichiro KATAOKA1951 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 180-185
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThrough the investigation of the anaerobic fermentation by more than 60 strains of Rhizopus, it has been found that the anaerobicity always decreases the glucose consumption as well as acids production, and that the acids produced are chiefly lactic acid and none or traces, of fumaric acid. Based upon above facts and the carbon valance theory it may be considered that in the case of 60 strains tested, fumaric acid is produced from glucose exclusively by way of the Thunberg-Wieland's scheme but not through the Wood-Werkman's (See Table 1_??_5). The strain which was used by J. W. Foster et al. and produced fumaric acid anaerobically involving the fixation of carbon dioxiirle, may therefore be of an extraordinary nature.
The aerobic lactic acid fermentation of Rhizopus is inhibited by the addition of 2, 6-dichloro-phenolindophenol, while fumaric acid production is quite unaffected. Since the dyestuff causes the Pasteur effect, it is obvious that fumaic acid is an oxidative product, while lactic acid is not.View full abstractDownload PDF (617K) -
Studies on the plant-hormones. Part. 7Tetsuo MITSUI1951 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 186-194
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper (Part III)(1) it has been reported that 1, 4-dihydro-, 3, 4-dihydro-, and 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-naphthoic acid-1 had activity of producing the adventitiots roots and in the last paper (Fart V)(2) it has been found that two of these (1, 4-dihydro and 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-naphthoic acid-1) also had strong activity to produce epinasty for tomato-plants.
These new plant-hormones have an asymmetric carbon atom in each molecule and now the physiological activities of optically active components of these substances have been determined by epinasty experiments with tomato-plants (by the method described in Part IV).(3)
The results obtained are illustrated in Figs. 1_??_7, and the relative activity and the radish coty-ledon test are shown in Table I and Figs. 8_??_11. Thus it appears that d-1, 4-dihydro-naphthoic acid is 100 times as active as l-acid, and l-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-naphthoic acid is 10 times as active as d-acid. Chemical procedure to resoulte the racemic acid is shown in Figs. 12 and 13.
These results suggest that there is an extreme difference between “dexter” and “laevus” components on physiological activity.
These new findings seem to give an important hold to study on the relation between the chemical structure and the physiological activity of plant-growth substances.View full abstractDownload PDF (2482K) -
II. Vitamin B1 in Acidic and Neutral Unbuffered SolutionsIsamu TACHI, Shinji KOIDE1951 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 195-198
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe typical cathodic waves were observed in the acidic and neutral unbuffered solution of vitamin B1. The height of the wave became greater with increased concentration of vitamin B1, but its relationship was complicated by the effect of hydrogen ion concentration. The effect of buffering on the shape of polarographic wave was observed. When the concentration of the buffer decreased, the diffusion current became more distinct and more determinable. From the experimental results it was presumed that their electrode reactions were due to the reduction of vitamin-B1 and the catalytic discharge of hydrogen ion in the presence of vitamin B1 or its reduction product. The surface activity of vitamin B1 was seen in the observation that it well suppresses the maximum wave of oxygen.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
Part 6. Search for the Stable Derivatives of Vitamin C. IIIYusuke SUMIKI, Shinji MITSUNAGA1951 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 198-200
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the synthesis of l-ascorbic acid, diacetone-2-keto-guloic acid and 2-keto-guloic acid must be prepared in the first step of its preparation. We consider that, if these compounds of the first step-are so stable and change into l-ascorbic acid in vivo, one of the authers' objects may be attained. So we prepared diacetone-2-keto-guloic acid and 2-keto-guloic acid. In this paper, the methods of prepartion of these acids, their salts, and their methyl-esters are described. The results of the feeding experiments with guinea pigs will be published in the next paper.View full abstractDownload PDF (268K) -
Part I. Some Informations about Cultural Environments and Isolation TechniquesKoichi YAMADA, Yoshinori FUJIMOTO, Yuzuru FUNADA1951 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 200-205
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCultural environments for the thermophilic cellulose fermentation were examined as a preli-minary experiment for isolation of cellulose decomposer. Various techniques, for example, the enrichment method, the dilution or heating method, the cellulose agar plating and the application of bacteriostatic agents, etc., were used in order to get a pure culture, but some contaminants were always found. Generally, the reproduction time of thermophile was so rapid that it was practically impossible to obtain a perfect result, in spite of the excellent Snieszko's method.
Cellulose fermentation proceeded under reduced condition, and yet addition of a reducing agent or strictly anaerobic incubation spoiled the fermentation.
A contaminant, isolated as a, pure culture, was very similar to Bac. thermofibrineolus which was reported to be cellulose fermenter without confirmation, so it was doubtful that Bac. thermofibrincolus was a cellulose-decomposing bacterium.View full abstractDownload PDF (663K) -
Part 6. Flavors with High Boiling Point. I. Palmitic acid ethyl ester and Linolic acid ethyl esterTamotsu YOKOTSUKA1951 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 206-210
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo fractions of steam distillate of soy-cake were studied. Judging from their boiling point, freezing point, specific gravity, index of refraction, molecular weight, elementary analysis, hydrolysis, ethoxyl radical, value of neutralisation, molecular refraction, decomposition products of oxidation by means of KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7, the fraction R (bp4mm 163°) was proved to be pure palmitic acid ethyl ester, and the fraction S (bp4mm 183°) linolic acid ethyl ester mixed with a few of oleic and palmitic acid ethyl ester.View full abstractDownload PDF (460K) -
Y. OBATA, T. MORITO1951 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 210-212
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRuzicka's Δ2, 6 ronan.dienal (2-trans-6-?), which was obtained by him from β, γ-hexenol prepared by means of subjecting ethyl ester of sorbic acid to the Bouveault's reduction, is identical with the natural substance, while Hunsdiecker's Δ2, 6 nonandienaI which was derived from 2-penten-Iol and Takei's Δ2'6-nonandienal (2-traps-6-?) from leaf alcohol are different from the natural. type.
From the above, fact the latter two are considered to be 2-traps-6-trans, and Ruzicka's to be 2-trans-6-cis.
We prepared ethyl-vinylcarbinol (I) from ethyl magnesium bromide, and by subjecting it to allyl-transportation and the Grignard's reaction we could synthesize traps-β, γ-hexenol.
3, 5-Dinitrobenzoate of the last mentioned substance is identical with that of natural leaf-alcohol in having mp. of 495_??_50°C)
Hence the stereo form of natural leaf-alcohol is traps-form.View full abstractDownload PDF (277K) -
Part 2. A Simple Method for Quantitative Determination of Rutin by the Chromatograpy with Round Filter PaperYasuyoshi ÔSHIMA, Toshio NAKABAYASHI1951 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 212-215
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe principle of this method is based on the fact that when rutin is developed on the filter paper by n-butanol, its Rf value is smaller than that of other quercetin-3-glycoside pigments.
One drop of rutin solution is spotted at the centre of round filter paper and it is developed circularly outwards by n-butanol saturated with water in the desiccator as shown in Fig. 1. After developing, the paper is dried and a yellow-coloured ring is obtained by spraying a basic lead acetate solution. From the width, i.e. the difference r1-r2, of this ring, its area is calculated as shown in Fig. 2.
In the concentration range between 5 and 25mg of rutin in 10cc, there is a linear relation between the area of the ring and the logarithm of rutin content as shown in Fig. 3 and Table 2.View full abstractDownload PDF (351K) -
On the Feeding Experiment of Goats with CystineIwao IWAMURA, Masao KUROKI, Masaaki KOJIMA, Mitsuhiro MERA1951 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 215-220
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of cystine administered per os on the milk secretion has been determined for the milk yields of twelve lactating goats. It has been shown that cystine is unable to stimulate, Tactn atipn of, the animals on the standard diet supplemented daily by 0.5 or 1.0g. of L-cystine for nine days. This compound was indicated to be slightly capable of increasing milk-fat and casein, and the animals require only about 0.5g. of cystine daily per head to initiate visible secretion of the milk constituents. Evidences have been presented which indicate that the response of the test animals to cystine is not highly sensitive, and that the substance seems-not to be utilizable for dairy industry.View full abstractDownload PDF (540K) -
Part 6. Reversion Types of Various Native starches and Amylose-Precipitants Contained in Sweet-Potato StarchKen'ichi TAKAOKA, Ziro NIKUNI1951 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 220-223
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs reported previously, the reversion of starch-iodine color reaction is caused by α-amylase when amylose component is brought to helical micells by amylase-precipitants in the starch paste. Therefore, in the absence of the one component, either amylose or amylose-precipitant, this phenomenon is not observed.
Various native starches give their specific reversion type according to their amylose contents and amount of amylose-precipitants. Voluntary reversion type is obtained by combining hot methanol extracts of native starches and defatted starches.
As the amylose-precipitants of native sweet-potato starch, ordinary fatty acids, such as palmitic, stearic and oleic acid, jalapinolic acid (a saturated hydroxy-monocarboxylic acid) and octadecyl alcohol are recognized. Neutral fats and oils are not concerned with this reversion phenomenon.View full abstractDownload PDF (455K) -
Part 3. Relation between Joint Actions of Various Ratios of Barley α-, and β-Amylases and Their Fermentable Sugar Production Rates in the Secondary Phase of HydrolysisHiroshi OKAZAKI1951 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 224-227
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs previously reported by the author(1)(2), amylase systems of Asp. oryzae type and Asp. awamori type convert starch to fermentable sugars up to 40_??_50% and further hydrloysis is very slow, while on the contrary, Asp. Usamii typé, Rhiz. tonkinensis type, and Rhiz. Péka type produce fermentable sugars up to 80_??_90% smoothly. He discussed there the reason of this difference and suggested that this would be due to the different ratios of α, and β-amylase contents of these 5 types of mold amylase systems.
The present report shows that this conception is not proved by the experiment of joint actions of various ratios of barley α-, and β-amylase.View full abstractDownload PDF (362K) -
Ryo'ichi SENJU1951 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 227-230
Published: 1951
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (357K)
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