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Volume 28, Issue 4
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Part 8. On the Polysaccharide isolated from Filtrate of YeastTomojiro KAIBARA1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 259-264
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy precipitation with methanol polysaccharide was isolated from filtrate of some kinds of Saccharomyces which were cultivated on synthetic solid and liquid media contained cane sugar or glucose. On acid hydrolysis this substance produced a large quantity of glucose and a little of arabinose.
It was ascertained that the polysaccharide was neither glycogen nor yeast gum. From the result of this experiment, it was presumed that the polysaccharide was cell wall substance and it was the same as the mucous substance which presence around cells was comfirmed by the electron microscopic observation.
When the residual sugar of carbon source as disaccharide in liquid medium was measured by quantity of its reducing sugar produced by acid hydrolysis, the value was obviously effected by the polysaccharide mingled in medium from cells during cultivation in case of old medium reserved little residual sugar.
From all kinds of Saccharomyces used in this experiment the same polysaccharide was obtained, but, among them, bottom yeast yielded more quantity of it than top yeast. It was seemed that the substance has connection to flocculation of yeast.View full abstractDownload PDF (1435K) -
Part 1. Chemical Changes of the Polyphenol Compounds and Amino Acids in the Manufacture of Black TeaYasuyoshi OSHIMA, Toshio NAKABAYASHI, Yutaka SAKAMOTO1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 264-269
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe chemical changes of the polyphenol compounds and amino acids of tea leaves in the course of manufacture of black tea was studied chiefly by paper chromrtograyhy (Fig. 1).
Because almost all of catechins in fresh leaves were oxidized during the rolling and fermentation processes, there were little catechins left in the manufactfired black tea, but a little amount of catechins remained without oxidation only at the first crop.
As the results of tea fermentation, gallocatechin group, i.e., L-epigallocatechin, DL-galloca-techin, and L-epigllocatechin gallate, seemed to, belong to the group which underwent more and fast the oxidation more and faster than another group, i.e., L-epictechin, L-catechin, and L-epicatechin gallate.
Gallic acid, which was separated from galloyl esters of catechins by tannase in tea leaves, showed a successive increase (Table 4).
Flavonoid pigments underwent little or no chemical change, but anthocyans were for the most .part decomposed throughout the manufacturing process. (Table 5).
Considerable differances in the chemical changes of amino acids between the first crop and the other-crops were observed. However, throughout the manufacturing proces of black tea, in general, a remarkable increase of asparagine and decrease of theanine were recognized, and any marked chemical changes of glutathione and arginine were not found (Table 6).View full abstractDownload PDF (625K) -
Part 2. The Fractionation of Black Tea TanninYasuyoshi OSHIMA, Toshio NAKABAYASHI, Sachie ISHIBASHI1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 269-274
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy the oxidation of tea catechins on the black tea fermentation, black tea tannin is red and weekly astringent.
On the two dimensional paper chromatogram of black tea tannin, some catechins, which have not been oxidized, and oxidized tannin are detected (Fig. 1), and it is, therefore. supposed that the black tea tannin contains not only oxidized tannin but also some unoxidized catechins.
By the method of the counter current distribution, the black tea tannin is fractionated as follows; ether soluble (I) (unoxidized catechins) and ether insoluble but ethyl acetate soluble (II) (oxidized catechins) and ethyl acetate insoluble fraction (III) (polymerized tannin) (Fig. 2, 3).
Of these three fractions, I and II are dialyzable but III is not (Fig, 4, 5).
Several qualities of these fractions are detailed in Table 1 and fraction II has good color and taste.
From the results of this experiments, it is supposed that the formation of black tea tannin is as follows:
Tea catechins oxidation→ Primary products oxidation and→condensation Secondary products↓polymerization PolymersView full abstractDownload PDF (555K) -
Part 1. New Quantitative Methods of Kojic Acid. (1)Chuji TATSUMI, Minoru AMEYAMA1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 274-279
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Kojic acid shows two absorption maxima at 217mμ and 265mμ.
2. The complex composed of kojic acid and ferric ion shows three absorption maxima at 226mμ, 283mμ and about 500mμ.
3. Using PULFRICH-photometer, the colorization phenomenon between kojic acid and ferric ion was investigated from the point of view of quantitative determination, and it was found to be reasonable to use this phenomenon for the determination of kojic acid. According to the literature the complex of kojic acid with ferric ion has been thought that three molecules of kojic acid coordinate to one molecule of ferric ion, but it was doubtful, since the results of. our experiments suggested the existence of the complex of one molecule kojic acid with one ferric ion, and, moreover, the ratio between kojic acid and ferric ion seemed to increase from one to three with increasing amount of kojic acid.
4. The experiments showed that for the quantitative determination of kojic acid, the accuracy, simplicity and availability were increased by using Fe2(SO4)3 instead of FeCl3 which has been habitually used. Addition of H2SO4was found to be useful and, further, increasing of concentrations of both Fe2(SO4)3 and H2SO4 and appropriate combination of these reagents wer more effective to; eliminate the disturbance of the colorization which is caused by some substances, i.e. inorganic phosphate salts, peptone and some organic acids, in the fermen_??_medium.View full abstractDownload PDF (517K) -
Part 2. New Quantitative Methods of Kojic Acid (2)Chuji TATSUMI, Minoru AMEYAMA, Atsushi GOODA1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 279-282
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The estimation curves and formulae for the determination of kojic acid by the colorization between kojic acid and ferric ion were obtained.
2. Using photoelectric spectrophotometer, the determination of small amounts of kojic acid, from 5 to 50γ, was investigated at 217mμ and 265mμ, and the estimation curves and formulae for the determination of kojic acid were obtained.
3. The reducing power of kojic acid in the aqueous solution with glucose was investigated. The reducing power of kojic acid is independent of the amount of glucose in the aqueous solution and the formula is y=0.67x, where y is the reducing power of kojic acid and x is mg corresponding to the amount of glucose.View full abstractDownload PDF (336K) -
Part. 1. On the Nucleases of Aspergillus oryzaeAkira KUNINAKA1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 282-287
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS_??_spergillus oryzae A cleaves ribonucleic acid strongly. Its cultured filtrates contain ribonucleases which depolymerise RNA and liberate inorganic phosphoric acia, purine and pyrimidine_??_Inorganic phosphorus liberated finally reaches 80 per cent of phosphorus in RNA.
T_??_ optimum activities are observed at 45°, pH 4.0 and in the filtrate after 10 days culture. T_??_tacts are recognized in both depolyrnerising and phosphorus liberating actions in com-_??_
Sodium fluoride inhibits phosphorus liberation. Salts hardly influence on_??_gibonucleases of _??_e_??_gillus oryzae.
the fraction soluble in 50 per cent and insoluble in 75, per cent alcohol contains the most pait_??_ e original activity. The fraction soluble in 75 per cent alcohol has not any ribonuclease_??_ties in itself, but it seems to play some part in enzymatic degradation of RNA.
_??_e enzymes used in this study scarcely depolymerise DNA, but liberate-phosphoric acid_??_13 per cent of phosphorus in DNA. DNA inhibits enzymatic degradation. of RNA in the_??_
The actions of Taka-diastase for RNA and DNA are similar to those of the nucleases used in this study.View full abstractDownload PDF (591K) -
Part 30. On p-Toluidine-N-D-fructoside (N-p-Tolyl-D-fructosyl amine)Yoshiyuki INOUYE, Kônoshin ONODERA, Shôzaburo KITAOKA1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 287-289
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently BARRY and HONEYMAN (1952) have prepared N-p-tolyl-D-fructosyl amine whose physical constants have heen described to be m. p. 138° (decomp.) and [α] D - 208° → -188° (EtOH); - 200° → -167° (pyridine), which differ from our previous description (1948) m. p.154° (decomp.) and [α] D -168° → - 88° (MeOH). Their preparation is made by refluxing p-toluidine and D-fructose with p-toluidine hydrochloride as a catalyst in anhydrous EtOH for 7 minutes while ours with acetic acid as a catalyst for 1 hour. Both methods have been carefully traced and two prepartions, having m.p. 154°, [α]D-220°→ -175° and m.p. 154°, [α] D -219°→ -170° (both in EtOH), respectively, have been obtained, which offer evidence of their identity. This has been confirmed further by preparing their tetracetes in pyridine and acetic anhydride, which show m.p. 130° [α]D-141° and m.p, 130.5°, [α]D-140° (both in CHCl3), respectively. Possibilities of isomerization during the prepar tion process depending upon the subtle differences of reaction condition have been considered, which might cause minor differences in physical constants in two N-D-fructosyl amines prepared at different places, and it has been sug gested that the difference of the data in both the original papers may not be due to these factors.View full abstractDownload PDF (310K) -
Tamio KONDO, Hiroyuki ITO1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 290-292
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe yellow pigment was isolated from the leaves of Cryptomeria japonica D. DON with the yield of 0.08% and it was proved to be quercimeritrin.View full abstractDownload PDF (296K) -
Part 1. Genetic Segregations in Aspergillus tamarii-oryzae Group demonstrated through Single-Sporee CulturesYuwao OHARA, Hiromichi ONOZAKI1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 292-295
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInvestigtions were made on the genetic purity, of twenty one species or subspecies in A. ta-marii-oryzae group through successive series of monoconidial cultures.
According to the identification of the seventeen homogenic strains obtained by repeated twenty single-spore isolations, A. tainurii and A. sojae should be included in A. tamarii-oryzae group in addition to the, five species of A. flavus-oryzae group THOM et RAPER.View full abstractDownload PDF (329K) -
Hygroscopin, an Antibiotic Substance active against Fungi and PhytopathogensKôiti NAKAZAWA, Kinzo OKI, Isao TADOKORO, Mikio HONJO, Hiroshi H ...1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 296-299
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) We have isolated an antibiotic-producing strain Streptomyces 1545.
2) This strain was identified with one of the variants of Streptomyces hygroscopicus and its antibiotic. was tentatively designated as “Hygroscopin”.View full abstractDownload PDF (421K) -
Part 5. The Effects of Sodium Chloride on the Bacterial GrowthAkira MATSUYAMA1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 299-304
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) The effects of sodium chloride on the growth of Escherichia coli on three basal media were measured (Fig. 1), and the maximunf growth attained by the shaking cultures was greater than that by the stationary cultures at the same concentration of sodium choride. But the relationship between the concentrations of sodium chlorid and the effects on the bacterial growth was same under both conditions.
(2) From the growth curves of the subcultures in the fresh peptone water containing the same sublethal concentration of sodium chloride as the previous culture (Fig. 4 ), the mechanism of the adaptability to sodium chloride is firstly formed within the cells. But after the long incubation, an anti-salinity factor may be formed in the medium (Fig. 5 and 6), and at this period, the adaptability of the bacterial population may be responsible for this factor, not only to the adaptability of the individual cells. This factor may be considered to the lower oxidation-reduction character of the medium.View full abstractDownload PDF (691K) -
Part. 6. the Tolerance of the Bacteria to Sodium ChlorideAkira MATSUYAMA1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 304-309
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) In the peptone water, the adaptability of E. coli to the salinity can be increased without any cell division (Fig. 1). (2) In the phosphate buffer, solution as the starvative environment, the adaptability cannot be increased by the addition of sodium chloride in any way (Fig. 2). (3) The process of acclimatization of the bacterial population is readily reversible. (4) By the procedure of the starvation, the viability to saline media is not lost, but the lag of the bacterial growth is prolonged. (Fig. 3). (5) Effects of the bulk pH under the various salinity on the bacterial growth are shown in Fig. 5. The parallelism between the salt action and pH tolerance of bacteria is established. (6) The mechanism of the bacterial adaptation to sodium chloride is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (661K) -
Part 4. On the Ash Constituents of the Wild White Clover, especially the Contents of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium and PhosphorusMasao KAMETAKA, Shin-ichi HARUYAMA1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 309-313
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The wild white clover (Trifolium repens L.), growing on the campus of Faculty of Agrilculture, Iwate Univ., is collected from four different places and at four different stages in a year-in spring before bloom, in early summer in bloom, in autumn soon after bloom and in late autumn, taking care of condition under which rabbits feed that clover in the natural state.
2) The chemical components of its ash are not only analysed by the usual method, but also the du'ect method of determination of sodium with the uranyl acetate reagent is especially examined. The value obtained by the direct method is higher than that obtained by the indirect method. Besides this, potassium is determined by the perchlorate method, calcium volu metrically by the oxalate method, and phosphorus also volumetrically by the ammonium-molybdate method.
3) The data obtained are tested statistically by the randomized block method. The significant results are as follows: the content of sodium decreases in bloom, then increases in late autumn again, that of calcium increases in bloom, then decreases in autumn soon after bloom and there is no difference in each stage for both of potassium and phosphorus.
It may be true to say that the content of potassium is not necessarily more than that of so-dium and that the calcium ratio is 4.5_??_5.5.
4) It was maintained in the first report of this study that the content of ash of the wild white clover increased in early summer. From the result obtained above, it may be suggested that this i ncrese in this stage is approximately due to the increase of calcium content in the ash.View full abstractDownload PDF (486K) -
Par 1. The Determination of Vitamin B12 in BloodKiichi IWAMOTO, Junzo HAYASHI1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 314-316
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAuthors studied the determination of the content of vitamin Bit in blood by Euglena assay.
(1) We used sodium oxalate as the anticoagulant of blood and determined its proper quantities.
(2) Enzymatic treatment was found to be satisfactory and 3 mg of papain-diastase per 1cc of blood was the optimum quantity.
(3) Heating of blood in a boling water bath for 30 minutes was found to be most effective in result.
(4) We used meta-phosphoric acid to remove proteins in the sample, but the large amo-unt of. this reagent inhibited the growth of Euglena. The adequate quantities to be used were squght.
(5) Under the conditions, which are mentioned above we determined the contents of vitamin B12 in blood of cattle and goat. Results of recovery were 93_??_95%.View full abstractDownload PDF (267K) -
2. Mitteilung. Die Darstellung des trans-Dehydro-androsterons aus CholesterinShunji FUKUDA1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 317-320
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIm Zusammenhang mit Untersuhungen über die chemischen and biologischen Eigenschaften von 17 α-Methyl-3-keto-5, 17-dioxy-androstan wurde das trans-Dehydroandrosteron aus Chol esterin bereitet. Debei zeigte es sich, dass durch die Oxydationsmethode, nach der Behandlung mit Chromtrioxyd die Schwefelsäure in die Reaktionslösung trophenweise zu geben, und durch die Anwendung von Carbonterachlorid als Extraktionsmittel das trans-Dehydro-androsteron relativ leicht and mit guter Ausbeute synthesized werden kann.View full abstractDownload PDF (365K) -
Part 12. The Polarographic Determinations of FlavonoidDanji NOMURA1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 320-325
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe polarographic reduction of Natsudaidai flavonoids such as naringin and hesperidin have been investigated using the dropping mercury electrode.
Especially, (1) the change of half-wave potentials at several pH values, (2) the strict linearity of the relationship between wave-height and concentration in one typical case (pH 6), (3) the possibility of quantitative determination of flavonoids were studied.
These results were shown in Table 1_??_7 and Fig. 1_??_6.
The determination of each flavonoid in the mixed solution of naringin and hesperidin was not possible in this method, and further investigations are needed on this problem.View full abstractDownload PDF (526K) -
Part 11. On Uronic Acid Dehydrogenase. (1)Humiwo KURASAWA1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 325-328
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
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Part 12. On Uronic acid Dehydrogenase. (2)Humiwo KURASAWA1954 Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 328-332
Published: 1954
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUronic acid, is widely distributed in nature. It is important to study about uronic acid, since it seems to have a significant role in physiology. In this article the author intends to contribute to investigations about the dehydrogenation of uronic acid by the enzymatic substances extracted from the various plant seeds and dry yeasts. Three kinds of uronic acids are obtained, gamely, galacturonic acid was obtained from Tsuso-pith, mannuronic acid from tangle, and glucuronic acid from the urin of the rabbit which was given menthol with the foods.
Only galacturonic acid was used for the experiment on the enzymatic dehydrogenation of uronic acid. In the first place, the spontaneous dehydrogenation of galacturonic acid in an alkaline solution containing phosphate was studied; and in the next place, the dehydrogenation of galacturonic acid by the enzymatic substance prepared from the various plant seeds and dry yeast was studied.
1. In the spontaneous dehydrogenation of galacturonic acid, fructose and glucose, fructose was most remarkably dehydrogenated, then potassium gaicturonate, and glucose was relatively weak.
2. The substance which enzymatically dehydrogenated galacturonic acid was widely distributed in plant seeds and dry yeast. Especially a powerful enzymatic substance was contained in watef-melons, peas, red beans, mottled kidney beans, soy beans, radishes, rapes, shiyomu shaddocks, mikado-shaddocks and kumquats.
3. The substance which enzymatically dehydrogenated galacturonic acid consisted of two components and the dehydrogenation appeared when the two components were added.View full abstractDownload PDF (495K)
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