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Volume 42, Issue 9
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Screening of Microbes and Effects of Medium-constituentsKazumoto KINOSHITA, Tooru NISHIYAMA, Haruo TSURI, Shinpachi KONISHI, T ...1968 Volume 42 Issue 9 Pages 523-528
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne of the non-exacting purineless mutants derived from Bacillus megaterium IAM-1245 by X-ray irradiation accumulated 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICA-riboside). On the stock culture of this strain, especially on the polypeptone agar slant, back mutants were found so many that they degrade the yield of AICA-riboside. The effects of many medium constituents on the growth and productivity of AICA-riboside of this strain were studied for establishing optimum commercial medium. Among cations, potassium-, ferrous-, manganese-, magnesium-, copper-salt increased the accumulation of AICA-riboside at each suitable concentration respectively. L-Histidine promoted the growth remarkably and made the yield lower. L-Isoleucine, L-valine and especially L-threonine elevated the yield. When they were mixed together highest yield was obtained. So it will be convenient to use Aji-Eki (soybean acidhydrolysate, containing several amino acids) for commercial medium. As for purine source, adenine, inosine and RNA were preferable becauce if purines used had any substituents on their 2nd carbon atom of guanine or xanthine the accumulation of AICA-riboside was markedly decreased.View full abstractDownload PDF (396K) -
Appearance of Revertants from an AICA-ribosideproducing Mutant of Bacillus megaterium and a Method for Removing their Inhibitory Effect on AICA-riboside FormationKazumoto KINOSHITA, Mikio AOKI, Akio YAMANOI, Teruo SHIRO1968 Volume 42 Issue 9 Pages 529-535
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring the culture of MA-336, an AICA-R (5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside)- producing mutant derived from Bacillus megaterium, revertant cells appear and increase in number to some extent. In some cases revertant cells increase in number of more than 107 per ml of culture medium and then AICA-R formation is strongly repressed. If erythromycin is added 20 hr later into these cultures, the growth of revertant cells is repressed and AICA-R formation is increased. When revertant cells are added 20 hr later into the culture, in which so few revertants are contained that AICA-R is formed in high yields, unless revertant cells are added, the number of revertants is also increased and AICA-R formation is repressed in the subsequent culture. If erythromycin is added into medium together with revertant cells, the growth of the revertants, however, is repressed and AICA-R formation is not so decreased. But the similar addition of streptomycin has not such effects on AICA-R formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (543K) -
On the Antigen Analysis of the Pediococcus halophilus isolated from Shoyu MashKiyoshi NAKAMURA, Yoriko NAKAMURA, Keiji OGIMOTO, Tsuneji SUDO, Isao U ...1968 Volume 42 Issue 9 Pages 536-543
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous report, immunofluorescent staining and tube agglutination test were applied to two strains of Pediococcus halophilus. We observed that in vitro cultured two strains were clearly differentiated and the organisms in shoyu mash were well stained, but there were many Pediococci that were not stained with the two sera.
Then the sixteen strains of Ped. halophilus were tested with cross agglutination and cross absorption. The strains were grouped into four group. Group A of five strains has a common antigen and not agglutinated with sera of other groups but the serum obtained after immunized with one of the strains agglutinate some strains of C-1 and all strains of C-2. The three strains belonging to group B are differentiated from each other and the sera of the group are similar to those of group A.
C-1 group of strains is similar to group A, but there is some cross reaction among the strains and some are agglutinated with the sera of other group. C-2 strains of group are all agglutinated with the sera of other groups, but the sera against the group do not agglutinate the strains of other groups.
From the results of cross absorption test the antigenic structure of the strains was proposed and the 13 mono-specific sera corresponding respectively to each presumed antigen were successfully prepared.View full abstractDownload PDF (564K) -
On the Effects of Reducing Agents, Oxidising Agents and Protein DenaturantsHiroshi AOKI, Masako SAKURAI1968 Volume 42 Issue 9 Pages 544-552
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom the viewpoint of soybean protein utilization for human foods, the effects of reducing agents, oxidising agents and protein denaturants on the water holding ability and gelling property of soybean protein were investigated, and the following results were obtained.
1. Gel formation during heating process of gel precursors (protein pastes)was prevented by the addition of reducing agents having S-S bond cleaving ability to gel precursors.
2, Oxidising agents also prevented gel formation, but their preventing ability was not so strong as reducing agents.
3. In general, urea and guanidine-hydrochloride also prevented the gel formation, but in the case of rather brittle gel precursors the gel formation was reversely promoted by the addition of these agents in the range of low concentration.
4. The correlation between water holding ability of pastes or gels and the toughness of gels was not observed in the presence of these agents as mentioned above, although its correlation was observed in the absence of these agents as reported before.
Based on the above results, the structure of protein network was discussed in relation to gel formation of soybean protein.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K) -
Phosphatase of Extrapallial Fluid of Short-Necked ClamTadashi ISHIHARA, Masato YASUDA1968 Volume 42 Issue 9 Pages 553-557
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn enzymological study of the extrapallial fluid of shell-fish was carried out for the first time through use of shortnecked clam. Phosphatase contained in the fluid of shortnecked clam was compared with that of other organs and it was shown that the former is a kind of enzyme that is not observed in any other organ. We obtained the following results: 1) Detected in this fluid was phosphatase with the optimum pH of 7.7, but not detected was acid phosphatase. On the other hand, detected in the internal organs, gill and mantle, were two kinds of enzyme with the optimum pH of 4.1 and 9.7. 2) Alkaline phosphatases had high activity on the substrate of phenylphosphate and it was particularly remarkable with the enzyme in this fluid. 3) Phosphatase in this fluid was strongly activated by Cot2+, but alkaline phosphatase in the internal organs was inhibited. 4) Glycine and DL-alanine inhibited alkaline phosphatase in the internal organs, but did not affect phosphatase in this fluid. 5) The optimum pH of phosphatase in this fluid varied according to the concentration of Co2+.View full abstractDownload PDF (391K) -
On the Gelation Phenomena of Agarose and Agaropectin and the Presence of Hydrogen BondTsuneaki FUSE, Yoji TOKUMA, Kakuji KATSUURA1968 Volume 42 Issue 9 Pages 558-562
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gelation phenomena of agarose (AG)and agaropectin (AP)separated from agarwere compared. Comparisons were made of AG and AP having molecular weights ofapproximately 5×104, from which it was found that the concentrations at which gelationpoint(Tg)and melting point(Tm)change sharply were higher for AP. Also, the relation of log C=ΔH/RTm+K existing between Tm and concentration C, and, ΔH obtained from this was higher for AG and AG formed a stronger gel than AP. When AG and AP were mixed, To, Tm and the gelation property decreased in the proportion of AP. The presenceof hydrogen bond in the molecules was observed in AG by change in [η]by using urea and sodium salicylate as the hydrogen bond scission agent and by the change in the jelly formation property. It was also made clear that hydrogen bond exists in AG and AP in the solid state by IR measurements using the fixed film method.View full abstractDownload PDF (330K) -
Some Characteristics in the Course of the FermentationSetsuzo OKABE, Mitsuru SHIBUKAWA, Takeyoshi OHSAWA1968 Volume 42 Issue 9 Pages 563-566
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was recognized that L-glutamic acid (L-GA) fermentation in acetate-glucose medium had the following characteristics: 1) The shape of consumption curve of acetate did not correspond with that of sugar. 2) The extracellular amount of L-GA accumulated seemed not to have close relation to the cellular isocitrate lyase activity. 3) The amount of cellular unsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleate, greatly increased in the later half of the fermentation in the case of 50_??_50 mixture.
As the result of this, the molar ratio of the saturated fatty acids to the unsaturated fatty acids after 28 hr of culture was kept below 1, and this phenomenon was thought to be one reason for the slighter amount of L-GA accumulation in glucose-acetate mixture medium than in glucose medium.View full abstractDownload PDF (305K) -
Seasonal Variation of the Contents of Free Sugars and Various Polysaccharides in the Leaves of Citrus TreesTakashi MIZUNO, Soyao HIDESHIMA, Hiromitsu SATÔ, Katsuhiro HAKAM ...1968 Volume 42 Issue 9 Pages 567-573
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeasonal variation of free sugars and various polysaccharides in the leaves of citrus trees of six different varieties: Citrus Unshiu MARCOVITCH (precocious and normal), C. Natsudaidai HAYATA, C. Hassaku TANAKA, C. Sulcata TANAKA and C. Auruntium LINNE, were investigated. The following results were obtained.
(1) Glucose, fructose and saccharose were present in the leaves of citrus trees throughout the year in free form. Raffinose and stachyose were only detectable in leaves during winter season (Fig. 2.).
(2) The content of free sugars in the leaves showed a following pattern in the growing stage ; reaching the first peak at the efforescence, and gradual decrease with the development and ripening of the fruit. After picking of fruits, the sugar content showed a sudden increase, reaching the maximum value in winter, and then gradual decrease occurred afterwards. There was no difference in both the kind as well as the content of free sugars in the citrus leaves of six different varieties. Moreover, the seasonal variation of the content of free sugars showed a similar tendency among six varieties.
(3) Various types of polysaccharides were found to be present in the leaves of citrus trees as examined by the fractional extraction using different solvents as shown in Fig. 1, and the sugar composition of these polysaccharides were investigated (see Table III).
There were no differences in the kind of component sugars of the leaf polysaccharides among six different varieties at four seasons, but the molar ratios of the component sugars of each polysaccharide showed a marked variation.
(4) Quantitative analyses of different polysaccharides were carried out throughout the 4 seasons, except starch and cellulose (see Table IV), but no variation of their content was observed except for starch(1).View full abstractDownload PDF (477K) -
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Rice Bran LipidsManjiro NODA, Katsu KOBAYASHI1968 Volume 42 Issue 9 Pages 574-580
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLipase activity increased in rice bran stored at higher humidity. Its complete inhibition was impossible even when stored at -20°C. There was an increase in lipase activity of bran from rice grain on long storage.
A purified lipase preparation was obtained from rice bran and it hydrolyzed rice bran lipids at pH optimums of 5.6 and 6.6 to 7.0. The activity was stable at 40°C, but declined rapidly at temperatures over 40°C. Calcium ion accelerated the hydrolysis at lower concentrations. Addition of ovalbumin to the incubation mixture activated the hydrolysis, whereas the inhibition was observed when phytin was added. The enzyme had no positional specificity for ester bonds of rice bran triglycerides and seemed to hydrolyze them accompanying acyl migration and re-esterification to some extent.View full abstractDownload PDF (549K) -
Tamotsu YOKOTSUKA, Tadaaki KIKUCHI, Masaoki SASAKI, Katsunori ÔS ...1968 Volume 42 Issue 9 Pages 581-585
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report deals with green fluorescent compounds, G1, G2 and G3, produced by Aspergillus M 4-1, of which colors of fluorescence and Rf values were resembling to those of aflatoxin-G1 or G2. This strain of molds was isolated from seed molds of commercialy available miso. These compounds were isolated by means of thin-layer chromatography, and G3 was further purified into white needles. Their physical and chemical characteristics and Rf values in different solvent systems of thin-layer and paper partition chromatography were also investigated. It was concluded that each of them was now fluorescent compound different from aflatoxin-G group.View full abstractDownload PDF (316K)
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