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Volume 44, Issue 10
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Shigeo OBATA, Masahiro YOSHIKURA, Tsutomu WASHINO1970 Volume 44 Issue 10 Pages 437-446
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ethereal extract from the roots of Arctium lappa L. was separated into acidic, phenolic, aldehyde and neutral fractions.
The new acetylenic acid (C12H8O2S2) containing sulfur was isolated from the acidic fraction. This compound was named arctic acid according to Arctium lappa L., and the structure of its methyl ester was studied by means of IR, UV, NMR and MS. Arctic acid contained thiophene rings and the structure of its methyl ester was assumed to be 5'-(1-propynyl)-5-carbomethoxy-2, 2'-bithienyl.
The identification of volatile acids and non-hydroxy acids was carried out by means of gas chromatography, and the following compounds were assumed to be,
i) from volatile acids; acetic, propionic, n-butyric, isobutyric, isovaleric, tiglic and trans-2-hexenoic acids.
ii) from non-hydroxy acids; lauric, myristic, stearic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids.
2, 4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones of carbonyl compounds in the recovered ether and the aldehyde fraction were studied by thin-layer chromatography, and also, the identification of the aldehyde fraction was carried out by means of gas chromatography. The following compounds were presumed:
from recovered ether; acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde and n-caproic aldehyde.
from the aldehyde fraction ; acetaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, n-caproic aldehyde, n-caprylic aldehyde and benzaldehyde.View full abstractDownload PDF (417K) -
Purification and Some Properties of Hemicellulases from Aspergillus niger van Tieghem sp.Juichiro FUKUMOTO, Yoshio TSUJISAKA, Shigeyuki TAKENISHI1970 Volume 44 Issue 10 Pages 447-456
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour hemicellulases and a xylosidase were purified from extracts of bran Koji of Aspergillus niger van Tieghem sp. by SE-sephadex, DEAE-sephadex, Sephadex G-100 or Sephadex G-75 column chromatographies. Hemicellulase I, II and III were proved to be homogenous by ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic analyses. The enzymes seem to be xylanases, since they catalyze the hydrolyses of arabinoxylans obtained from rice-straw and soy-bean hull, but not of galactomannan from soy-bean hull. These xylanases, however, were different from each other in their chemical properties and mode of actions.
Hemicellulase IV, although has not yet been purified to a homogenous state, appeared to have a higher affinity to galactomannan rather than to arabinoxylan.
The xylosidase catalyzed chiefly the hydrolysis of oligosaccharides such as xylobiose but not of polymeric substrates.View full abstractDownload PDF (1049K) -
Hiroshi KASE, Kiyoshi NAKAYAMA1970 Volume 44 Issue 10 Pages 457-462
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLysine-requiring mutants were isolated from various bacteria after chemical mutagenesis. Most of these mutants showed obligatory lysine requirement, while some mutants grew on either lysine or α, ε-diaminopimelic acid (DAP). The majority of the mutant strains obligatorily requiring lysine accumulated DAP. These strains were found in, Corynebacterium glutamicum, C. fascians, Arthrobacter ureafaciens, A. globiformis, Aeromonas formicans and Rhizobium trifolii. One of them, A. ureafaciens 30-10 (Lys-) accumulated only L-DAP, while all the other strains accumulated both meso and L-DAP. Alanine, glutamic acid, or isoleucine were found to be accumulated by the lysine auxoIrophs of A. ureafaciens, A. formicans, Serratia marcescens and C. glutamicum.View full abstractDownload PDF (279K) -
The Formation of 2-Methyl-3-formylfuran from Reduced StreptomycinItsuo FUJIMAKI, Keiichi TSUJI1970 Volume 44 Issue 10 Pages 463-470
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the aid of improved analytical methods, thin-layer methods and polarography the solution of streptomycin (SM) briefly reacted with aluminum amalgam at low pH were found to contain varying amounts of a certain new product, which is neither of the two known reduction products of SM., i.e., dihydro- and dihydrodeoxystreptomycin (DS and DDS, respectively).
Although attempted isolation of this product failed because of its limited stability in solution, several characteristic reactions of this product were revealed. It is readily reducible to DDS with sodium borohydride. Though it is fairly stable only when pH of the solution is between 2 and 3 at room temperature, it gives a volatile compound absorbing at 271mμ, in the distillate, when distilled with steam at pH 2 to 4. This volatile compound, identified as 2-methyl-3-formylfuran, presumably originates from the reduced streptose moiety of the new reduction product of SM. This new product is probably a 2e, 2H+ reduction product of SM, and is different from DS which is also a product of 2e, 2H+ reduction at the branched formyl group (C-6) of streptose moiety of SM.View full abstractDownload PDF (351K) -
Examination of the Reaction Process and Structure of the Reaction IntermediateItsuo FUJIMAKI, Keiichi TSUJI1970 Volume 44 Issue 10 Pages 471-475
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe progress of reduction of streptomycin (SM) with aluminum amalgam, which finally produces dihydrodeoxystreptomycin (DDS) was pursued by combination of analytical methods developed for this study. It was made clear that DDS is the reduction product of an unknown reaction intermediate. Based on the previous results and the consideration of the rate process, it was concluded that this intermediate is produced by the reduction of streptomycin at the tertiary hydroxyl group on C-3 of streptose: i.e., its structure presumed to be 1-(1, 3-diguanido-2, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydroxycyclohexanido)-2-(N-methyl-α-L-glucopyranosido)-3-C-formyl-3, 5-dideoxy-α-L-pentofuranose. This intermediate product may be termed deoxystreptomycin (DOS).View full abstractDownload PDF (250K) -
On the Levulinic Acid Metabolism by Yeast CellsTokujiro AIDA, Kazuo YAMAGUCHI1970 Volume 44 Issue 10 Pages 476-483
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMetabolisms of levulinic acid by yeast cell suspensions of strains of Candida humicola and Rhodotorula rubra were investigated. Intermediates produced by R. rubra from levulinate in the presence of malonate were separated by silica gel column chromatography. α-Ketoglutaric acid (αKG) was identified as an intermediate by thin-layer chromatography of its free acid and 2, 4- dinitrophenyihydrazone using the various solvents. Cells of C. humicola and R. rubra did neither metabolize methylethylketone, nor produce it by incubation with levulinate. On the other hand, pyruvate consumption occurred with both cells, and was inhibited by iodoacetate. In the presence of iodoacetate at the concentrations at which pyruvate consumption was inhibited almost completely, reaction mixtures incubated with levulinate gave no pyruvic acid but αKG. C. humicola also produced αKG from levulinate in the presence of malonate. From these results, it seems likely that levulinic acid is metabolized to αKG neither via methylethylketone nor via pyruvate.
Levulinate-oxidizing activity of C. humicola was found to be inducible. Effective inducers were levulinate, 2-pentanone and methylethylketone, but n-pentane had no effect. The methyl ketones mentioned above were not metabolized by the organism.View full abstractDownload PDF (377K) -
Masatake TOYODA, Kunio YAMAUCHI, Tomokichi TSUGO1970 Volume 44 Issue 10 Pages 484-487
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fatty acid compositions of cow's, sow's, llama's, goat's, tapir's and human milk and colostrum fats were compared by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Chemical compositions of their milks were also analyzed.
General similarities between sow's and human, and between cow's and goat's milk fatty acids were found. Sow's and human milk contained little C4:0, C8:0 and C8:0 saturated fatty acids. But the former contained less C10:0, C12:0 and C14:0 saturated acids and more C18:1 unsaturated acid than human milk. Cow's and goat's milk contained short chain fatty acids and were rich in C18:2 acid. Normal milk of cow and human contained more C10:0, C12:0 and C14:0, and less C16:0 and C18:1 acids compared with colostrum. Normal milk of cow, human and sow contained more C18:2 acid too. Goat's milk was rich in C10:0 and C12:0 saturated fatty acids, and llama's colostrum rich in C16:1 unsaturated fatty acid. Tapir's milk differed considerably in fatty acid composition from the milks of other animals. It had high content of C10:0 and C12:0 fatty acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (202K)
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