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Volume 44, Issue 7
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Effect of Salt Concentration on the Hydrolysis of Mannan and Coffee Spent Grounds by MannanasesYonosuke HASHIMOTO1970 Volume 44 Issue 7 Pages 287-292
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of salt concentration on the reaction catalyzed by mannanases obtained from Koji cultures of Rhizopus niveus and Aspergillus niger NRRL 337 were investigated.
When mannan isolated from coffee beans was used as a substrate, increasing NaCl concentrations activated Asp. niger mannanase and extended its hydrolyzing limit. Rh. niveus mannanase was also activated by NaCl, but the hydrolyzing limit was not affected. Optimum concentration of NaCl was 0.1_??_0.15M for both enzymes. Other salts, such as Na2SO4, NaNO3 and KCl were also found to affect both enzyme reactions in the same manner as NaCl.
However, when mannotriose or mannotetraose was used as a substrate, the effect of NaCl concentration was not found.
Ultrasonic treatment of mannan increased the hydrolyzing limit by Asp. niger mannanase but did not affect the action of Rh. niveus mannanase.
In contrast to the action on isolated mannan, the action of both enzymes on coffee spent grounds were inhibited by NaCl in a low concentration.
The hydrolyzing limit of Asp. niger mannanase on coffee spent grounds was one fortieth of that of Rh. niveus.View full abstractDownload PDF (909K) -
A Biochemical Study of the Essential Oils of Mentha Pulegium Linn.Shin-ichi FUJITA, Yasuji FUJITA1970 Volume 44 Issue 7 Pages 293-298
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA biochemical study of the essential oils of the cultivated Mentha Pulegium Linn. introduced in Japan from the Botanical Garden of Caen in France has been conducted.
From the yield of oils and the contents of each constituent, it has been proved that d-pulegone was produced at the early stage abundantly and after the climax stage of vegetation, this compound was reduced to l-menthone and d-isomenthone partly.
Moreover, in the latter stage a small amount of l-menthol appeared by further reduction.
The yield of oil was as high as 1.03% to the blooming inflorescence, but the reducing power is largest in the leaf, therefore l-menthol was only detected in the leaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (223K) -
Pectolytic Enzymes of Aspergillus sojae No. 48Shigetaka ISHII, Satoshi KAWAMURA, Tamotsu YOKOTSUKA1970 Volume 44 Issue 7 Pages 299-305
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was found that pectolytic enzymes of Asp. sojae No. 48 consisted of two different enzyme system, i.e., hydrolase and lyase. Pectic acid was hydrolysed by endo-polygalacturonase, and pectin was splitted by endo-pectin transeliminase forming 4, 5-unsaturated oligogalacturonides.
The optimum pH and temperature of endo-polygalacturonase were found to be 4.5 and 45°C, respectively. The enzyme was fairly acid stable; even after storage at pH 2.0 and 4°C for 24hr, 95% of enzymatic activity remained, but was completely lost by heating at 55°C for 10min. On the contrary, pectin transeliminase exhibited the highest activity at pH 5.5 and 50_??_55°C. The enzyme was stable between pH 4.0 and 7.0, and rather stable than endo-polygalacturonase on heat treatment.
Several properties of pectin esterase were also determined, but its activity was generally low in the pectolytic enzymes of this mold.View full abstractDownload PDF (310K) -
Macerating Activity of Aspergillus sojae No. 48Shigetaka ISHII, Satoshi KAWAMURA, Tamotsu YOKOTSUKA1970 Volume 44 Issue 7 Pages 306-311
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, macerating activity of Asp. sojae No. 48 was studied. The optimum pH and temperature of the activity were found to be 5.5 and 50_??_55°C, respectively. The activity was stable between pH 4.0 and 7.0, and was completely lost by heating at 70°C for 10min. The activity was not inhibited by calcium ion at all.
Good correlation between pectin transeliminase and macerating activity was found in these enzymatic properties and in the gel filtration pattern on Sephadex G-100. Furthermore, one of pectin transeliminase components, which was purified by CM-cellulose column chromatography, showed similar macerating activity with a crude enzyme.
Thus, the present work suggests that the macerating activity of Asp. sojae No. 48 may be contributed principally to pectin transeliminase.View full abstractDownload PDF (982K) -
Hironaga HASHIBA, Ikunori KOSHIYAMA, Kenji SAKAGUCHI, Nobuyoshi IGUCHI1970 Volume 44 Issue 7 Pages 312-316
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of iron and other trace metals in Shoyu on the increase of color by oxidation and heating was examined. The results obtained were as follows;
(1) Iron and the other trace metals were almost removed from shoyu by treatment with Dowex A-1 resin.
(2) The color of the Shoyu treated with Dowex A-1 resin was apparently increased by oxidation, but the rate of the increase was smaller than that of the untreated Shoyu.
(3) Fe2+ and Mn2+ mainly contribute to the increase of the color of Shoyu, while the other trace metal ions, Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+ did not. Unknown factors might also considerably conduce to the increase of color of Shoyu.
(4) Iron ions (Fe2+, Fe3+) had no effect on the increase of color by heating.View full abstractDownload PDF (236K) -
The Incorporation of Hexanoic acid-1-14C and Decanoic acid-1-14C into Ricinus communis PlantTakahiro KUSHIGE, Fumihiko KATO, Yoshiichi TAKEUCHI1970 Volume 44 Issue 7 Pages 317-323
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEmploying the Ricinus communis plant fed with sodium hexanoate-1-14C (HA-1-14C) or sodium decanoate-1-14C (DA-1-14C), the distribution of the radioactive carbon and the convertibility of the radioactive fatty acid into the crude lipid were studied.
In the plant treated with HA-1-14C, the recovery of the radioactivity was 9.25% in the whole, and 0.01% in the root, 3.04% in the stem, 0.05% in the leaf and 6.15% in the capsule, as well as in the one treated with DA-1-14C the recovery was 7.83%, and 0.01%, 1.66%, 0.02% and 6.14%, respectively.
The recovery of the radioactivity in the lipid extracted from the organs of the plant treated with HA-1-14C was 6.0% in the whole, and 0.01% in the root, 0.97% in the stem, 0.04% in the leaf, 0.03% in the pericarp, 0.05% in the seed coat and 4.90/ in the embryo and endosperm, while the recovery of that treated with DA-1-14C was 5.29% and 0.01%, 0.79%, 0.03%, 0.12%, 0.04% and 4.30% respectively.
The radioactivity incorporated in the lipid of the endosperm was distributed to the component fatty acids in the following ratio : nonhydroxy 14.16%, monohydroxy 81.69% and dihydroxy 3.01% in the case of treatment with HA-1-14C, while they were 12.93%, 81.85% and 3.98% with DA-1-14C, respectively.
It was shown that there was no significant differences between the incorporation and the distribution of the radioactivity in Ricinus communis plant which was treated with HA-1-14C and DA-1-14C.View full abstractDownload PDF (3324K) -
Sugar Formation by the Formaldehyde Condensation in the Presence of Inorganic or Organic BasesTakashi MIZUNO, Takayoshi MORI, Naoyuki SHIOMI, Hirotaka NAKATSUJI1970 Volume 44 Issue 7 Pages 324-331
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aldol condensation of formaldehyde to produce the monosaccharide mixture were investigated in the presence of various inorganic or organic bases. The condensation reaction was carried out at 60°C, in 1.86M formaldehyde aqueous solution with the concentration 0.2 M of various bases. The results were as follows:
(1) The sugar forming ability of inorganic bases _??_Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, Pb(OH)2, KOH, NaOH, TIOH_??_ was compared with an organic bases _??_pyridine, collidine, α-, β-, γ-picoline, N-methyl piperidine, N-methyl morpholine, 2-dimethylamino ethanol, tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide etc._??_. It was confirmed that the alkaline earth metal hydroxides are better, and especially, Ca(OH)2 is the best catalyst among the tested bases (Table I).
(2) The obtained sugar mixture, formose, was composed mainly of keto- and aldohexoses. A small amount of keto- and aldopentoses, a trace of trioses, tetroses and ketoheptoses were also detected (Table II, Figs. 4_??_7).
(3) The sugar composition of formoses showed no differences with respect to the kinds of catalysts but the yields of formose varied (Tables I, II and Figs. 4_??_7).
(4) The amount of formaldehyde suddenly decreased and the content of sugar became to the maximum value in the progress of condensation reaction. This stage was named the yellowing point. After this stage the sugar content gradually decreased (Fig. 2 and 3).View full abstractDownload PDF (324K) -
Kaneo HAYASHI, Toyoharu YOSHIDA1970 Volume 44 Issue 7 Pages 332-335
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElectrophoretic patterns and electroendosmosis are studied using various sorts of agar, agarose and agaropectin as carrier in agar-gel electrophoresis of human blood protein.View full abstractDownload PDF (1848K)
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