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Volume 46, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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The Identification of the Yeast No. K-24 and the Production of Acid ProteaseSawao MURAO, Masahiro KAMADA, Takashi NAKASE, Sei OGURA, Kohei ODA1972 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 167-170
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA red yeast (Lab. No. K-24) was isolated from grape farm soil of Osaka Prefecture as a potent producer of an extracellular acid protease, and was identified to be a strain belonging to Rhodotorula glutinis (Fres.) Harrison.
The production of acid protease was markedly affected by the initial pH of the medium used; it was observed only in the medium of low pH values (pH 2.8_??_3.5). The maximum production of the extracellular acid protease was observed when Rhodotorula glutinis K-24 was aerobically grown at 25°C for 72 hr in the medium containing 7% glucose, 2% polypeptone, 0.6% KH2PO4, 0.08% MgSO4.7 H2O, 4 ppm MnSO4.6 H2O, 4 ppm FeSO4.7 H2O, and 2 ppm thiamine with an initial pH value of 2.8.View full abstractDownload PDF (294K) -
Distribution of Extracellular Protease Producing YeastsMasahiro KAMADA, Sei OGURA, Kohei ODA, Sawao MURAO1972 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 171-175
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOf some 230 strains of yeast belonging to over 120 species, the extracellular production of protease was tested and found in 61 strains there of. Some strains of Endomycopsis, Pichia, Cryptococcus, Candida, Trichosporon, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces produced extracellular protease, whereas no activity was observed in the representatives of Saccharomyces, Hansenula, Schizosaccharomyces and Kloekera. Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula rubra, Rhodosporidium sphaerocarpum, Torulopsis ingeniosa, Cryptococcus albidus, etc., for example, did produce some acid protease when they were cultured at initial pH value of 3. 0, but at pH 6. 5 the production was negligible.
Some acid protease, however, was produced by Endomycopsis fibuligera in the medium of pH 6.5.
Neutral proteases were produced by Candida lipolytica, Cryptococcus dimennae, etc. but its activity was slight.View full abstractDownload PDF (341K) -
Akira AKASHI, Akira OONO1972 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 177-183
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo examine the preservative effect of egg-white lysozyme to non-packaged Kamaboko which were processed from the freezed lizard fish meat to which NaCl was added at 3% rate. After kneading this meat for 3 minutes, eight experimental parts of Kamaboko were prepared as follows: 1) control Kamaboko without lysozyme and preservative, 2) Kamaboko with AF 2-to control Kamaboko, AF 2 was added in the rate of 0.6ppm/kg, 3)Kamaboko with sorbic acid-to control Kamaboko, sorbic acid was added at 0.1% rate, 4) Kamaboko with lysozyme-to control Kamaboko, egg-white lysozyme was added at 0.05% rate, and four kinds of dipped Kamaboko-control Kamaboko, Kamaboko with AF 2, Kamaboko with lysozyme and Kamaboko with sorbic acid were dipped in 1% gelatin-0.05% lysozyme solution respectively, were processed. These were stored at 10-C for 14 days.
Viable bacterial count, slimy changes, VBN, binding capacity and brown color changes were examined in the lapse of day during storage. Results obtained are as follows. In viable bacterial count, VBN and binding capacity, control Kamaboko, Kamaboko with AF 2 and Kamaboko with sorbic acid showed worse preservative results than other experimental parts after storage at 10°C for 14 days. Especially the control showed the worst result. However, dipping treatment in 1% gelatin-0.05% lysozyme solution increased good preservative effects to Kamaboko with AF 2 or sorbic acid showing much better preservative results than the addition of lysozyme. The effects of egg-white lysozyme on binding capacity and brown color change were similar to those of AF 2 or sorbic acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (531K) -
Esterification of Pectic Acid of Low Molecular Weight and Properties of the Ester DerivativesMasatoshi MANABE1972 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 185-190
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPectic acid of low molecular weight (10 to 41 galacturonic acid units) has been esterified by means of aliphatic alcohols containing dry hydrogen chloride, and some properties of the ester derivatives were discussed. The esterification of the pectic acid having 15 galacturonic acid units proceeded readily with methanol, ethylene glycol and glycerol in the tested alcohols. Decrease in the molecular weight of the pectic acid was related to the increase in the degree of esterification of the ester derivatives. The relationship between the molecular weight and the esterification of the pectic acid of low molecular weight was found to be more remarkable with ethylene glycol than that with methanol and glycerol. Methyl, ethylene glycol, and glycerol esters were soluble in water and formamide. In addition to these two solvents, methyl ester was soluble in glycerol, and glycerol ester was soluble in glycerol, 70 per cent ethanol and pyridine. A purified acid-stable endo-polygalacturonase from C. rolfsii did not hydrolyze glycerol ester. On the other hand, the pectic acid of low molecular weight and its methyl ester were considerably hydrolyzed by the enzyme. Only glycerol ester was completely not affected by the commercial crude pectinase.View full abstractDownload PDF (401K) -
Physiological Role of L-Glutamate DecarboxylaseYoshiharu ETO, Hiroyuki HORITSU, Mikio TOMOYEDA1972 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 191-195
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA physiological role of L-glutamate decarboxylase in E. coli was investigated. (1) The variation of the growth of cells, consumption of sugar and L-glutamate decarboxylase activity at different pH of the medium during growth of E. coli were pursued. In the case pH non-controlled culture, the growth of cells and the consumption of glucose were lower than those of the pH controlled culture (at pH 7. 0), but the activity of L-glutamate decarboxylase was higher than that of the pH controlled culture. (2) From both the model and the cultural experiments, it may be concluded that the r-aminobutyric acid which was caused from decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid was combined with lactic acid, and therefore, free lactic acid was rarely found in the culture broth.
These results show that the decarboxylation is closely associated with the control of pH of the medium. Namely, when the pH of the medium during growth inclines toward acid side, the decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid is accelerated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1077K) -
Tetsuya SUZUKI, Michiyo MURATA, Kiyozo HASEGAWA1972 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 197-205
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the direct proof of the presence of fatty acyl diesters of diols in triglyceride fraction of natural lipids and for their biochemical study, it is necessary to isolate the diesters from triglyceride fraction. This paper deals with two methods for separation of both lipids using Sephadex LH-20 columns and thin-layer chromatography.
(1) Effective separation of the both lipids was obtained by the use of a column of Sephadex LH-20 swollen with chloroform. This method is suitable for the separation of the sample in a rather large amount (10_??_100mg).
(2) Columns of Sephadex LH-20 swollen with acetone-chloroform (80: 20, v/v) and chloroform-methanol-n-hexane (65:5:30, v/v) were limited to separate the monoesters from the diesters.
(3) Reversed-phase partition thin-layer chromatography with paraffin impregnated Kieselghur G plates separated effectively the diol-diesters from triglycerides. This method is suitable for the separation of the sample in a rather small amount (10_??_500μg).
(4) A new systematic procedure for the diol-diester analysis was proposed, in which the diol-diesters were separated from triglycerides preliminarily.View full abstractDownload PDF (622K) -
A Biosynthetic Route from Tryptophan to Ergot AlkaloidsTsutomu OHASHI, Naoto SHIBUYA, Matazo ABE1972 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 207-213
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy patient investigations on the methods of cultivation, mycelium disruption, etc., the cell-free systems capable of synthesizing ergot alkaloids could be prepared from the mycelia of two Claviceps strains, Elymus-type strain HA-6 and Agropyron-type strain KK-2.
In these two cell-free systems, tryptophan-14C as well as 4-(Y, Y-dimethylallyl)-tryptophan-3H were incorporated overwhelmingly into setoclavine. These radioactive substrates were incorporated also into isosetoclavine as well as into lysergene to a minor degree. The radioactive setoclavine each formed by the incorporation of radioactive substrates was isolated with carrier material, recrystallized from methanol, and identified by melting point as well as by thin-layer chromatography. The specific activity of each of the isolates did not change over several recrystallizations.
The repeated experiments with these cell-free systems by means of the “isotopic competition” method revealed that, in the cell-free systems employed, setoclavin (possibly isosetoclavine as well) was biosynthesized from tryptophan in the route of tryptophan→4-(γ, γ-dimethylallyl)-tryptophan→lysergene→setoclavine. This finding indicates that, at least in the tested two ergot fungi, there exists such a biosynthetic route which suggests that, of the known ergot alkaloids, lysergene is the parent alkaloid.View full abstractDownload PDF (605K) -
Diols from the Lipid Hydrolyzates of Some Yeast Species Cultured in the Medium Containing L-RhamnoseTetsuya SUZUKI, Kiyozo HASEGAWA1972 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 215-218
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the biogenesis of diol-lipid, it was attempted to investigate the condition under which diol-lipids were produced more effectively in yeast. Among six species used, four species have been observed to produce free 1, 2-propanediol into the fermented broth, when they were cultured in the medium containing L-rhamnose. The other two species have been reported to produce and accumulate large quantities of lipids. These six species were first cultured in the medium containing glucose for 48 hr, followed by succeeding cultivation in the medium containing L-rhamnose for further 48 hr. Total lipid fraction which had been extracted from lyophilized cells was hydrolyzed by alcoholic alkaline solution, followed by analyzing the polyol fraction by thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. 1, 2-Propanediol was detected in the lipid hydrolyzates of five species. No diol was found in the lipid hydrolyzates cultured in the medium without L-rhamnose. These results suggest that 1, 2-propanediol in the lipid hydrolyzates was derived from L-rhamnose.View full abstractDownload PDF (328K)
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