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Volume 47, Issue 12
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Takeo OCHI1973 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 741-748
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo strains of lactic acid bacteria, Streptococcus lactis 527 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus B-1 and a strain of Saccharomyces sake, Yabe IFO 0305 were grown in modified skimmilk media which have been digested by trypsin or pepsin under various conditions.
The changes of amino nitrogen content in the digested skimmilk media after incu-bation with Str. lactis were significantly influenced by the initial amino nitrogen content before incubation.
The content of total 80% ethanol-soluble nitrogen in trypsin-digested skimmilk increased during the incubation.
Bitterness found in the digested skimmilk media was removed by lactic acid fermentation, and the extent of the phenomenon with Str.lactis is larger than that with L. bulgaricus.
The growth of bacteria used was not inhibited by trypsin and pepsin digested media.
The content of amino nitrogen produced by lactic acid fermentation in the digested skimmilk depended on the method of preparation of protein-free solution either by treating with trichloroacetic acid or by centrifuging.View full abstractDownload PDF (416K) -
Takeo OCHI1973 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 749-754
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe behavior of the production of 80% ethanol-soluble nitrogen in successive three processes which are digestion of skimmilk, lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation, was investigated and discussed.
Amino nitrogen content in alcoholic fermented media decreased with fermentation by Sacch. sake. This fact is independent of any process treated previously.
Total nitrogen/amino nitrogen soluble in 80% ethanol (average peptide length: APL) was decreased by lactic acid fermentation except in trypsin-digested media, while it was increased by alcoholic fermentation.
It was suggested that changes of APL are attributed to the difference of bacterial species.
Free and total constituent amino acid in a commercial product of lactic sake which was produced in a way similar to this experiment, were determined.
The ratio of constituent and free amino acid contents is similar to that of peptide with the APL of 80% ethanol-soluble nitrogen.
On amino acid patterns of the peptide in lactic sake, it was shown that the content of individual amino acid is high for Glu and Pro, medium in Lys, Asp, Ala, Val, Thr and Leu, and low in Tyr, Met and His.View full abstractDownload PDF (1670K) -
Haruki ISHIZAKI, Tetsuo IHARA, Juichi YOSHITAKE, Mutsuo SHIMAMURA, Tom ...1973 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 755-761
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA D-xylose-utilizing bacterium, identified as Enterobacter cloacae, was isolated from soil. The bacterium produced D-xylonic acid (190mg/ml) when grown aerobically at 30°C for 5 days in a medium containing 20% D-xylose, 0.2% (NH4)2SO4, 0.1% KH2PO4, 0.05% MgSO47H2O, 0.2% C. S. L. and 8.0% CaCO3 at pH 6.5.
The bacterium could also produce acidic substances from L-arabinose, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannose, maltose, and lactose. D-Gluconic acid was obtained in the yield of more than 90% from 30% D-glucose.View full abstractDownload PDF (288K) -
Nobuo SUGANO, Hiroichi AKIYAMA, Kikuo NOSHIRO1973 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 763-769
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, the authors speculated that the aggregation of yeasts in Sake mashes was caused by cell walls in the starchy endosperm of rice kernels. In the present paper, a method for the isolation of cell walls in the starchy endosperm from milled rice and Sake mash is described, and components of cell walls which cause aggregation with yeasts are examined.
The size of the cell walls prepared was 40×70_??_80×100 μ. This size coincided well with the cell size, which Little and Dawson observed in the cross section of rice kernels. S-38 and A-63 strains, both of which form a thick cover on the Sake mash, indicated good aggregation with cell walls in the starchy endosperm, while Kyokai No. 7 strain, which disperses well in Sake mash, indicated no aggregation.
In addition, it was found that the former strains aggregated with cellulose and hemicellulose, which are the main components in cell walls of the starchy endosperm of rice kernels.View full abstractDownload PDF (2835K) -
Nobuo SUGANO, Hiroichi AKIYAMA, Kikuo NOSHIRO1973 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 771-777
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of various conditions on the aggregation of Sake yeasts with celluloses exa-mined. As to Sake yeast strains which aggregate with celluloses, the following results were obtained.
It was found that the aggregation of yeasts occurred in the old culture at pH from 3.0 to 8.0. The aggregation was prevented by treating the cells with cationic surface active agent (CTAB) at pH 7.0 and 8.0, with anionic surface active agent (SLS) at pH 3.0 and 4.0, or by heating the cells for 15 minutes at 80°C. Various cations, anions, sugars and washings of yeast cells by 1% solution of NaCl, which has been considered to be related to the flocculation of brewer's yeast, did not influence the aggregation of yeast cells with cellulose. Therefore, it was assumed that the mechanism of the aggregation of yeast cells with cellulose was different from that of the formation of clumps of brewer's yeast cells from a homogenous yeast suspension.
Also, it was found that yeast strains which aggregated with cellulose were found in not only Sake yeasts, but various practical yeasts belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, such as Shochu yeasts, brewer's yeasts, wine yeasts, baker's yeasts and alchol yeasts.View full abstractDownload PDF (335K) -
Akio TAKEUCHI, Michiko FUJII, Koichiro HONDA1973 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 779-785
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEnzymes catalyzing the reaction between phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and oxalacetate (OAA) were investigated with three different kinds of germinating seeds. PEP-carboxy-kinase was found in castor bean endosperm, and PEP-carboxylase in soybean and pea cotyledons.
Activity of PEP-carboxykinase could be detected from the 3 rd day after germination and reached the maximum on the 7 th day seedling of castor bean in the dark at 30°C. This enzyme was extracted from the endosperm of the 7 th day seedling and purified partially. The enzyme required adenine nucleotide and Mn ion for the activity. The optimum pH's were found to be 6.4 for the carboxylation reaction, and 8.4 for the decarboxylation reaction. The chromatographic peak of this enzyme on Sephadex G-200 was devided into two peaks by the addition of Mn ions and the activity curve was sigmoidal with respect to the concentration of MnCl2, indicating the oligomeric nature of the enzyme. The sigmoidal character of the activity curve was also observed with OAA and ATP, but it decreased with increasing concentration of the enzyme. Consequently, important factors affecting the activity were the concentration of enzyme and substrates.View full abstractDownload PDF (326K) -
Akio TAKEUCHI, Michiko FUJII, Kenji SHIMOO, Koichiro HONDA1973 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 787-792
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) of soybean cotyledon rapidl reduced with germination and that of pea cotyledon showed the maximum on the 5 th day after germination. The enzymes were extracted from the 3 rd day soybean cotyledon after germination and from the 5 th day pea cotyledon and purified partially, and some properties of both enzymes were studied.
Optimum pH values of both enzymes were about 8.7 and they required Mg ion but not reductant for the activity. Km values for PEP and MgCl2 were 0.11mM and 0.095mm on PEPC from soybean, and 0.084mM and 0.071mM on PEPC from pea, respectively. Both enzymes were inhibited by citrate, isocitrate and nucleotides and pea enzyme was also inhibited by succinate. Consequently, both PEPC's were thought to have similar enzymatic properties. The physiological significance of PEPC of soybean might be difficult to consider, since the activity rapidly decreases after germination and the Km values for ligands are comparatively large. On the contrary, the PEPC of pea might have anaplerotic functions in metabolic regulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (256K) -
Kazumoto KINOSHITA, Kunimori NIWA, Hiroshi SASAKI, Susumu SAKAI, Yoshi ...1973 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 793-798
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacillus megaterium MA-336 sporulates occassionally under the high rate of oxygen supply necessary for attaining best yield of AICA-riboside. The sporulation causes decrease of AICA-riboside yield.
In order to control the sporulation without sacrificing AICA-riboside accumulation, the effect of oxygen supply condition on AICA-riboside fermentation was studied especially in relation to the sporulation.
The sporulation strictly depended on the oxygen supply condition during the latter half phase of logarithmic growth, and was not influenced by the oxygen supply condition of the other phase of growth.
The sporulation was controlled without sacrificing AICA-riboside accumulation, by supplying the amount of oxygen slightly deficient for microbial oxygen demand during the latter half phase of logarithmic growth, and supplying during the other growth phase the amount of oxygen sufficient for microbial oxygen demand.View full abstractDownload PDF (292K) -
Yoichi KABURAKI, Yoichi MIKAMI, Yoriko SAIDA, Misako NAKAMURA1973 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 799-806
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lower bases in the smoke from various unblended cigarettes were examined quantitatively by a gas chromatographic method. Twenty of the 29 bases detected in the smoke were identified and determined. Major lower bases other than ammonia and pyridines were methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine and N-methyl-pyrrolidine. On the other hand, methylamine, dimethylamine and N-methylpyrrolidine were the major lower bases in leaf tobaccos. Some differences in the levels of the major bases were observed among the tobacco varieties both in the smoke and leaves.
Much larger amount of lower bases were found in the pyrolyzate of leaf tobaccos as compared to the corresponding leaves. The comparison of the composition of lower bases in both smoke and leaves with that of free amino acids in leaves suggested that amino acids may be some of the major origins of lower bases in both smoke and leaves. Although the pyrolysis of nicotine gave both maximum yield and maximum numbers of lower bases at 600°C in an atmosphere of nitrogen or at 400°C in the air, fewer bases were found in the other conditions besides methylamine which was the predominant component. Accordingly, nicotine may be only a major origin of methylamine in smoke, and not of the other lower bases.View full abstractDownload PDF (1106K) -
Motoyoshi OHSUGI, Satoru TAKAHASHI, Itsuo ICHIMOTO, Hiroo UEDA1973 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 807-811
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe synthesis of trans-4-amino-1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butene (7) constituting a partial structure of zeatin has been extensively studied. The reaction of isoprene with tert-butylhypochlorite in acetic acid gave trans-4-acetoxy-1-chloro-2-methyl-2-butene (1) followed by hydrolysis with barium hydroxide to afford trans-1-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butene (2). Compound (2) reacted with benzyltrimethylammonium benzoate and benzyltrimethylammonium acetate to give the corresponding trans-1-benzoyloxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butene (3) and trans-1-acetoxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butene(3'), respectively. The bromination of (3) and (3') with phosphorus tribromide afforded trans-1-benzoyloxy-4-bromo-2-methyl-2-butene (4) and trans-1-acetoxy-4-bromo-2-methyl-2-butene (4') which were treated with potassium phthalimide to give the corresponding trans-1-benzoyloxy-2-methyl-4-phthalimido-2-butene (5) and trans-1-acetoxy-2-methyl-4-phthalimido-2-butene (5'), respectively. The hydrolysis of (5) and (5') with barium hydroxide gave (7) in good yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (256K) -
Takeshi KOMURA, Hideo NAGAYAMA, Setsu WADA1973 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 813-818
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous report, fucosterol was found not to be mainly responsible for the remarkable accelerating effect of the unsaponifiable matter of Hizikia fusiformis (hiziki) on pancreatic lipase activity. Therefore, in the present report, the effect of the residual fraction (residue) after extraction of fucosterol from the unsaponifiable matter was investigated.
First, the residue was found to exhibit essentially the same remarkable (100_??_120%) accelerating activity as the unsaponifiable matter on lipolysis tested with triacetin as substrate under various conditions.
Further, the residue, when added with fucosterol, was observed to show a synergistic stimulation of the effect of fucosterol, which possesses only a weak activity by itself.
The residue was further separated into 12 fractions by preparative TLC, and each fraction was found to exhibit an activating effect essentially similar to that observed with the whole residue.View full abstractDownload PDF (1000K) -
Shizuma NISHIMOTO, Koichiro TSUNEWAKI, Mitsuru NAKAYAMA, Shûichi ...1973 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 819-824
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom two waxy cultivars and three nowaxy strains of common wheat crude waxy substances were extracted from leaves in yields of 0.09_??_0.20% and from stems in yields of 0.04_??_0.06%. The differentiation of the waxy wheats and the nowaxy wheats could not be recognized on these yields. All hydrocarbon fractions isolated from the waxy sub-stances by elution chromatography were fundamentally constituted of n-paraffin homologues from C23 to C33 (maximum C29 or C31), but the total content ratio of even members to odd members were very small compared with other plants.
n-Olefin homologues of odd members from C21 or C23 to C27 (maximum C23) were isolated from only two strains, Cornell Sel. 5075 and ABD-14, which inherit the inhibitor of waxy gene. This fact suggests the existence of the relationship between the gene and the biological synthesis of olefins. A considerable difference could not be recognized in n-paraffin distributions between waxy and nowaxy wheats, and n-olefins, although being found in Cornell Sel. 5075 and ABD-14, did not in nowaxy S-615 inheriting the allele of waxy gene. Thus, n-paraffins and n-olefins may be concluded not to be responsible for expression of waxiness and waxlessness.View full abstractDownload PDF (253K) -
Ritsuko NIIHARA, Yoshinobu NISHIDA, Daizo YONEZAWA1973 Volume 47 Issue 12 Pages 825-832
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the manufacture of “Tenobe-somen, ” a kind of Japanese noodle made from wheat flour with cottonseed oil, the storage of somen during the hot rainy season called “Yaku” is an important process to produce a good texture of somen. The improvement of texture may be concerned with the change of gluten proteins possibly caused by the oxidation of lipids. Actually, as reported in the previous paper, the change of proteins appeared at the second “Yaku, ” when the lipid oxidation became detectable, with a simultaneous change of physical property of somen.
A further investigation on the interaction of proteins with lipid oxidation was made by using gluten-cottonseed oil fatty acid esters systems. Gluten-ester mixtures were stored at the different humidities and the change of protein was investigated by solubility, gel filtration, gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis and determinations of trichloroacetic acid soluble N and amide-N.
The results obtained indicated that the effects of lipid oxidation propagate itself into the wide range of protein phase in the presence of moisture, while they are limited at the interphase of lipid and protein at the extremely low humidity. The moisture may play a role of the transporter of active substances produced by lipid oxidation into the protein phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (941K)
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