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Volume 47, Issue 9
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Gord KAJIMOTO, Hiromi YOSHIDA1973 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 515-522
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoybean oil in varying degree of oxidative rancidity or thermally oxidative rancidity was reacted at 50°C with several amino acid (tryptophan, histidine, glycine, tyrosine, valine, methionine, serine and phenylalanine etc.) and the loss ratios of those amino acids, which were separated from amino acid-oil mixture by silica gel column chromatography were determined.
From experimental results, it was confirmed that the higher the degree of rancidity was, the more the loss ratios of those amino acid, and also the longer (10 day) this period was, the greater the loss. The loss of amino acis was apparently promoted by the aldehyde produced secondarily from oil, such as malondialdehyde.View full abstractDownload PDF (391K) -
Masanobu KAWAI1973 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 523-527
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistribution of pectolytic enzymes and the activity for the maceration of potato tuber among the Basidiomycetes was investigated.
There were only a few strains that exhibited the high macerating activity. In Aphyllophorales, Fomitopsis cytisina and Irpex lacteus were able to macerate potato tuber or root tissue of carrot almost completely within 2_??_3 hours incubation at pH 5 and at 45°C, and in Agaricales, only Lampteromyces japonicus had the macerating activity.
As for a pectolytic enzyme, it was found that only one strain, Coriolus hirsutus, exhibited the high activity for the liquefaction of pectic acid (PG activity), when strains of Aphyllophorales were cultured in a pectin non-containing medium. When cultured in a pectin containing medium, however, a number of strains such as C. hirsutus, Daedaleopsis styracina, I. lacteus and Poria vaporaria showed the high activity.
On the other hand, it was observed that a number of strains of Aphyllophorales were able to liquefy pectin (PMG activity) more easily than pectic acid irrespective of a medium, except for Fomitopsis pinicola, and that both PG and PMG were a sort of are inducible enzyme.
On the contrary, strains of Agaricales except L. japonicus could scarecely hydrolyse pectin as well as pectic acid.
In general, there was no special correlation between a macerating activity and a pectolytic one. About an enzyme preparation of L. japonicus, however, it was indicated that a pH-activity curve of the PMG activity agreed with that of the macerating activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (220K) -
Masanobu KAWAI1973 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 529-534
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom a result of a screening test on the production of amylolytic, cellulolytic and xylolytic enzymes among 82 strains of Basidiomycetes, the following characteristics were observed.
In Agaricales there were few strains with high amylolytic activity. On the other hand in Aphyllophorales, some strains belong to Trametinae and Coriolinae showed high amylolytic activity.
As to trehalase, some strains, such as Trametes kusanoana, showed high trehalase activity in company with high amylolytic one. In other strains, amylolytic activity could hardly be detected in spite of high trehalase activity. Poria placenta and some strains of Agaricales were the examples of this case.
Regarding cellulase, it was found that a great majority of Basidiomycetes were able to hydrolyse Na-CMC (Cx activity), whereas it was observed that only a small number of Basidiomycetes, such as Irpex lacteus, Trametes sanguinea, Fomitopsis cytisina, Lampteromyces japonicus, Pholiota adiposa and Stropharia cubensis, produced the enzyme being able to decompose filter paper (C2 activity) and that the enzyme seemed to be an inducible one.
Different from the case of other enzymes, almost all strains of both Aphyllophorales and Agaricales were able to produce a xylanase. Most of all, strains belong to Trametinae, Coriolinae and Coprinaceae seemed to be richly productive of a xylanase.View full abstractDownload PDF (265K) -
Shojiro IWAHARA, Kikuko OGUNI1973 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 535-540
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of peptone, yeast extract and inorganic metal salts on the bacterial production of biotin-vitamers were investigated. The results are as follows;
(1) The production of biotin from dethiobiotin by some bacteria isolated from soil was greately accerelated by the addition of peptone, yeast extract or meat extract. Yeast extract was the most effective.
(2) Purine and pyrimidine bases and vitamins seemed to be contained in yeast extract were almost no effective, on the other hand, a mixture of inorganic salts seemed to be contained in yeast extract was very effective on the production of biotin from dethiobiotin. Among inorganic salts, iron salt was specifically effective.
(3) The production of dethiobiotin from pimelic acid by the bacteria was strongly inhibited by the addition of yeast extract or iron salt.View full abstractDownload PDF (279K) -
Morihiro AIZAKI, Hiroshi KITAMURA1973 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 541-547
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The authers isolated a mutant of Rodopseudomonas spheroides that was able to excrete porphyrin under the dark aerobic and the light anaerobic conditions, but its ability was inhibited under conditions of high aeration.
2. Washed cell suspensions of the mutant, which were able to excrete porphyrin, have been examined for the effect of hemin, vitamin B12 and iron citrate on the excretion of porphyrin under various conditions.
3. The excretion of porphyrin was inhibited by hemin and vitamin B12, but accelerated by iron citrate.View full abstractDownload PDF (306K) -
Tamikazu KUME, Yasushi SATO, Yaichiro UMEMOTO1973 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 549-555
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of γ-irradiation on 0.3% lysozyme solution at pH 8.0 was studied as the fundamentals of the radiation preservation of egg white.
The inactivation curve of lysozyme in aqueous solution was exponential and the value of D37, the dose required to reduce the enzymatic activity to 37% of its initial value, was 0.35 Mrad. Enzymatic activity of lysozyme in egg white was slightly affected by irradiation. Thus it seemed that lysozyme might be protected from the influence of irradiation because of high concentration of protein in egg white.
Irradiated lysozyme was subjected to Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. Area of the earlier fraction was increased with the increase of irradiation doses. The fraction had no enzymatic activity and the molecular weight estimated from elution volume was about 70, 000.
Ethanol had a protective effect which paralleled to their rates of reaction with OH radicals; this indicates that OH radical is primarily responsible for inactivation and aggregation of lysozyme.View full abstractDownload PDF (330K) -
Takao MURATA1973 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 557-562
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInduction of invertase activity in root slices from sweet potato during aging in the medium containing 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4D) was studied. In tissue slices from actively growing roots the activity of neutral invertase was rapidly increased by the addition of 10-5 to 10-4M of 2, 4D and that of acid invertase which exhibited the pH optimum at pH 5 was largely induced by the addition of 10-3M of 2, 4D. On the contrary, in tissue slices from stored roots the neutral invertase activity was slowly increased and the acid invertase was not found to be active at the same concentration of 2, 4D, respectively. From studies with inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis it was concluded that the development of both invertase activities was due to the de novo synthesis of enzyme protein.View full abstractDownload PDF (262K) -
Masaaki SUGIURA1973 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 563-569
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe concentration membrane potentials of Bombyx mori fibroin membrane by chlorides, bromides, iodides and nitrates of potassium and sodium and the permeation rates of these salts through the membrane were measured. The fibroin membrane used was prepared by dissolving a degummed cocoon fibre in a lithium bromide solution: it becomes insoluble in water by treatment with ethyl alcohol.
The membrane potential increases according to the sequences:I>NO3>Br>Cl and K>Na. These sequences can be correlated to the adsorption of these ions to the fibroin molecules. The isoelectric point of fibroin, which is obtained from the membrane potentials, is pH 4.2. The permeability of the salts also increases according to the sequences: I>NO3>Br>Cl and K>Na. However, these sequences depend on the degree of swelling of the membrane, which is due to the adsorption of the anions, and on the size of ionic radius of the hydrated cations. The permeability of potassium chloride becomes minimum in the vicinity of isoelectric point of the membrane. The mechanism of ion permeation through the membrane was discussed by Nagasawa and Kobatake's theory.View full abstractDownload PDF (333K) -
Masayoshi SAWAMURA, Fumio HASHINAGA, Yutaka OSAJIMA1973 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 571-576
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to obtain information concerning the metabolic relationship between organic acids and sugars in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) at different stages of maturity.
1. In an early growing stage (early in July) citrus fruits were exposed to 14CO2. It was found that most of 14C-assimilation products were remained in the fruits until the last stage of ripening.
2. D-Glucose-U-14C and sucrose-U-14C were administrated to fruits in the growing season, and the former was more easily broken down than the latter.
3. Administration of citric acid-1, 5-14C resulted in the labeling of neutral fraction on and after late in September, and the results indicate that synthesis of sugars from citric acid can be carried out.
4. Malic acid was one of the first compounds to be labeled during dark 14CO2 fixation experiments from July to August, but the radioactivity afterwards was higher in citric acid than in malic acid.
5. It was suggested that the major component of translocation was sugars and translocation was most active between July and August.View full abstractDownload PDF (322K) -
Teruyoshi YANAGITA, Michihiro SUGANO1973 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 577-582
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn an attempt to estimate the effect of oxidized fats on the nutritive value of casein, the biological value and true digestibility in rats and the effects on the liver components were investigated.
1. The biological value and true digestibility of casein, which had been reacted with ethyl linoleate (2:1, w/w) at 50°C, RH 80.4% for 7 days and defatted with ethyl ether and acetone, was decreased significantly, the extent of which being much remarkable in the latter.
2. When the reacted casein was fed at the 9% protein level for 12 days, the growth of rats was considerably depressed. The levels of hepatic protein and lipids were specifically modified. The major fatty acid components of hepatic total lipids were also altered characteristically. There was, however, no demonstrable effects on the digestibility of dietary fats.
These data showed considerable deterioration of casein reacted with oxidized fat.View full abstractDownload PDF (289K) -
Takanori KASAI, Mariko UEDA, Sadao SAKAMURA, Kazuhiko SAKATA1973 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 583-586
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSγ-L-Glutamyl-L-phenylalanine (520mg), γ-L-glutamyl-L-tyrosine (430mg), γ-L-glu-tamyl-L-aspartic acid (68mg) and α-aminoadipic acid (small amount) were isolated and identified from ladino clover (Trifolium repens L. var. giganteum) seed (10kg).View full abstractDownload PDF (182K) -
Kaneyuki SOHDE, Sadao IZUTANI, Setsuro MATSUSHITA1973 Volume 47 Issue 9 Pages 587-589
Published: 1973
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPeroxide value (POV) of the oils at low oxidation levels is difficult to be determined by the standard iodine titration method. Hydroperoxides of triglycerides showed a polarographic wave at -0.6 V. The POV of highly oxidized oil was easily determined by iodine titration method. Such a highly oxidized oil was diluted with benzene and was used as the standard solution for determining a polarographic calibration curve. The wave height was proportional to hydroperoxide concentration. The POV of an uncharacterized sample was obtained by reading the wave height on the calibration curve. This simplified polarographic method is considered to be useful for the determination of POV at low levels of lipid oxidation.View full abstractDownload PDF (138K)
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