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Volume 48, Issue 1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Tatsuoki IGUCHI, Kenzi SAWAZAKI, Akifumi HAYASHI1974 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe recovery of pyrethroids with furan ring from mosquito coil was not sufficient (about 70%), because they were degraded in organic solvent solution by tabu powder components.
Tabu powder extract was divided into 9 components on TLC and some of these react with the pyrethroids in the solution.
The most active constituent was identified as pheophytin by infrared and visible absorption spectra. The pyrethrois were degraded also by chlorophyll a and b, which were separated from spinach, but were not degraded by phytol, the alcohol moiety of chlorophyll.
It was deduced that the pyrethroids decomposition in solution were caused by the porphine ring in the pheophytin or analogous substances. The pyrethroids in the mosquito coil were not decomposed by pheophytin but were decomposed by oxygen in air.View full abstractDownload PDF (351K) -
Yukio KAWANO, Ken WATANABE, Susumu OKAMOTO1974 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 7-14
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this paper is to elucidate the mechanism of the formation of Yuba-like film from chicken feather and wool. The conditions of film formation, stress, strain and other properties of the film were studied. Strong, transparent, elastic and smooth films were formed from 2.5% chicken feather keratin solution at pH 4.0_??_10.0 by means of only heating the solution at 60°C. It seems to be necessary that protein is completely solubilized and unfolded to a certain extent and that coagulation of protein molecules on the surface of the solution is not prevented.
Addition of mono-iodoacetic acid and N-ethylmaleimide, the modifying reagents of sulfhydryl group, decreased the stress and increased the strain of the film. While L-ascorbic acid and sodium bisulfite, the reducing reagents of disulfide bond, increased the stress remarkably.
Remarkable differences in the fine structure were observed between the surface and the back of the chicken feather keratin film under electron microscope. And the layer structure and the orientation of the keratin fibril in the film were observed.
Marked differences were shown among wool, its extracted powder and its film from the comparison of their amino acid compositions, while in case of chicken feather keratin differences among them were a little.
From the results of IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurement it was most likely that the keratin took α-form in the solution and β-form in the film.View full abstractDownload PDF (2819K) -
Kouichi HANADA, Akira HIROSE, Eiji NINOMIYA1974 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 15-20
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA mold which was isolated from soil produced a large amount of extracellular dextranase in the medium containing dextran. From the comparative taxonomic experiments, the mold was identified as a strain of Aspergillus ustus.
When the dextrans produced by various strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides were used as C-source, they had influence evidently on the productivity of dextranase.
Especially, using the dextran produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides D 12 was isolated from a waste water in our sugar refinery, 330 units of the dextranase per ml of culture broth was produced by the shaking culture at 30°C for 4 days.
While the other dextrans gave a lower productivity than the above result, it was appeared that the dextranase productivity was not related to the structure of dextran. When some carbohydrates were separately added to the medium with dextran, the productivity of dextranase was inhibited by fructose, lactose or some sugar alcohols.View full abstractDownload PDF (418K) -
Koichi HANADA, Akira HIROSE, Eizi NINOMIYA1974 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 21-26
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDextranase which was produced by Aspergillus ustus 237 was purified to approximately 1000 folds by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAF-cellulose column. chromatography and Bio-Gel P-150 column chromatography.
Purified enzyme was appeared to be homogenous in disc-electrophoretic analysis and its molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 35, 000 by gel-filtration on Bio-Gel P-150.
Optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme reaction were pH 5.7 and 50°C, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the pH range of 5.5 to 8.5 and also at the temperatures less than 40°C, while more or less 50% of the enzyme activities were inactivated by heating to 50°C for 15 minutes at pH 7.0. However, it was found that the enzyme showed the remarked heat-tolerance in the presence of some cations, such as Cr3+ and Al3+. The dextranase activity was inhibited completely by Hg2+, Ag+ and permanganate and was scarcely by chelating agents reductants.View full abstractDownload PDF (1004K) -
Iwao TAKASE, Hideko NAKAMURA1974 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 27-34
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe persistence of the systemic insecticide ethylthiometon in soils under paddy condition was studied by means of techniques of thin layer and gas liquid chromatography equipped with flame photometric detector.
Under paddy conditions ethylthiometon was rapidly oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives which are the ultimate systemic toxicants, while oxidation of P=S to P=O occured slightly.
Ethylthiometon sulfoxide was also reduced to ethylthiometon in a silt loam soil under the paddy condition.
The experiments using sterilized and glucose added soil did not suggested that reductive reaction were related to soil microorganisms.
Ethylthiometon and its five oxidative metabolites persisted beyond 12 weeks in paddy soil at 28°C and the half-life of total amounts of ethylthiometon and its five oxidative metabolites was about fifty days.View full abstractDownload PDF (619K) -
Kiyoshi KOMINATO, Syozi NISHIMURA1974 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 35-38
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn general, monosulfoxides of di-alkyl disulfides have characteristic odor and some antibacterial activity, for instance, allicin extracted from garlic Allium sativum has strong odor and antibacterial activity but less stability.
Di-n-propyl disulfide, di-n-propyl trisulfide, and di-n-propyl tetrasulfide were synthesized, oxidized to monosulfoxides by perbenzoic acid, and their chemical structures speculated by UV, IR spectra and moleculer refraction. They showed some antibacterial activity and more stability than allicin.View full abstractDownload PDF (231K) -
Tôru NAGASAWA, Kazuyasu UMEMOTO, Tomoyuki TSUNEYA, Minoru SHIGA1974 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 39-42
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe components of the essential oil of Mentha gentilis L. “Haruyama mint (2n=72)” known to distribute in Tokai area of Japan were investigated by means of column and gas chromatography, IR, MS and NMR spectrometry. As reported previously, this oil was shown to contain d-1, 2-epoxymenthylacetate (piperitylacetateoxide).
In the present report, we intend to inform the identification of d-1, 2-epoxymenthol which was isolated as a new terpenic compound from the same oil. Isolated compound was identical with that of authentic sample which was obtained as the hydrolysis product of natural 1, 2-epoxymenthylacetate. This compound was also converted to the acetate by the esterification. Furthermore, this compound could be confirmed in comparison with synthetic 1, 2-epoxymenthol which was prepared as the reduction product of l-piperitoneoxide. From NMR spectra and optical rotation data of these products we conclude that the absolute configuration of natural epoxy alcohol is (+) 1, 2-epoxy-cis-p-menthol.
From the fact that Mentha gentilis L. produces 1, 2-epoxymenthol we presume that this substance is an intermediate between piperitoneoxide and 1, 2-epoxymenthylacetate on the biosynthetic process in vivo, although this compound may lack in the essential oil of Mentha rotundifolia (L.).View full abstractDownload PDF (1125K) -
Masayuki KATAYAMA, Minoru KATOH1974 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 43-48
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSubcellular distribution of the four classes of sterols, the free form, fatty acid esters, acylated glucosides and non-acylated glucosides, in immature soybean seeds was investigated by thin layer chromatography of lipid extracts from particulate or non-particulate fractions obtained by fractional centrifugation, partly using sucrose stepwise density gradient centrifugation. Thin layer chromatograms were developed with two kinds of solvents successively to remove overlapping pigments and glycerides from the esterified and free sterols. The amount of sterols was measured with a densitometer.
The greatest differences in the ratio of the amount in the four classes of sterols were observed between particulate and non-particulate fractions (lipid layer and 105, 000×g, 120min supernatant): In general, higher ratio of fatty acid esters of sterols was found in non-particulate fractions, while in particulate fractions higher ratio of the free form was found and this trend was remarkable in the pellets of 105, 000×g.View full abstractDownload PDF (492K) -
I LIANG, Takashi NAKAMURA, Daizo YONEZAWA1974 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 49-56
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of phosphate on casein micelles were investigated in comparison with those of citrate and glycerophosphate. A critical concentration of added phosphate was found at about 0.06M, over which binding of phosphate to micelles, rapid increase of their swelling, their intermicellar binding and gelation of skimmilk occurred. The intermicellar binding was not observed with citrate and glycerophosphate. The formation of the intermicellar binding by phosphate was explained by assuming the reversible cleavage of calcium phosphate bridges by phosphate. It was also pointed out that the exposure of the inner structure of micelles induced by the cleavage of calcium phosphate bridges must be a necessary step to the formation of intermicellar binding.View full abstractDownload PDF (571K) -
Hiroyoshi OMOKAWA, Kyohei YAMASHITA1974 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 57-62
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreparation of 2-phenoxymethylchromone (10 a, b), chromanol (11 a, b) and chromanone (12 a, b) and the attempt to convert to rotenoids were described.
Condensation of ethyl phenoxyacetate (7 a, b) and acetophenone (8) afforded 2-phenoxymethylchromone (10 a, b).
Bromination of the corresponding chromanone (5 a) gave a mixture of mono-bromides (12 a, b) and a dibromide (12 c). Reaction of 12 c with KNH2 afforded bromochromone (13).
Treatment of chromanol (11 a) with PPA or H2SO4 and chromene (14) with HBr-AcOH gave the same bicyclo-3, 9-dioxa-(4, 3, 1)-decane derivative (17 a).
Reaction of chromone alcohol (19) with PPA gave coumaranone derivative (20).
Phenol oxidation reaction of dihydroxyphenoxymethylchromanone (5 b) afforded hydroxymethylchromanone (23 a).View full abstractDownload PDF (380K) -
Setsuko SHIMOJO, Kazumi ARAKI, Kiyoshi NAKAYAMA1974 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 63-68
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMutants resistant to 2-fluoroadenine (2 FA) were derived from Corynebacterium murisepticum, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Brevibacterium flavum, Brevibacterium ammoniagenes or Microbacterium sp. by mutational treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Many of the 2 FA-resistant mutants were found to produce adenine and/or hypoxanthine in a culture medium. Among these 2 FA-resistant mutants, C. glutamicum KY-10478 was used to investigate the cultural conditions for adenine production. The strain accumulated adenine at 2.0mg/ml with a medium containing 10% molasses (as glucose).View full abstractDownload PDF (466K) -
Masatomo MIKAMO1974 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 69-71
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFree sugars in Lentinus edodes, which are assumed, together with amino acids, to be important constituents for its taste, have been investigated.
Extracts with 70% ethanol were fractionated for three parts, neutral, acid and amino sugars by ion-exchange resins. D-Arabitol has been isolated and identified from the neutral parts for the first time as well as already-reported D-mannitol and α, α-trehalose.View full abstractDownload PDF (171K) -
Eiichi MAEKAWA1974 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 73-75
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWater, DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) and alkali solution were used as the solvents of polysaccharides from a preparative meal of bamboo shoot. From the polysaccharides extracted with the individual solvents, starch and the concomitant protein were removed by enzymic hydrolysis with α-amylase and protease, respectively. The yields and properties of the resulting water-soluble polysaccharides were compared with each other. As a result, DMSO was found to give water-soluble polysaccharides in higher yield comparable to extraction with water. Therefore, DMSO seems to be useful as the solvent of water-soluble polysaccharides in plant cell wall.View full abstractDownload PDF (226K)
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