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Volume 48, Issue 12
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Hideo OCHIAI, Hitoshi SHIBATA1974 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 643-649
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS4-Thiouridine aqueous solution was irradiated with near UV light under aerobic condition in order to investigate photochemical property of 4-thiouridine in vivo. Reaction on 4-thiouridine was observed with pseudo first order rate (k=0.006min) leading to the formation of uridine, especially after heat treatment, as a main product. Photochemical behaviors of bis-4-thiouridine disulfide and uridine-4-sulfonic acid, which were supposed to be intermediates in this reaction process, were investigated under the similar condition employed for 4-thiouridine. Interestingly bis-4-thiouridine disulfide was converted to give A-thiouridine (about 50 mole%) possibly through the photochemical hydrolysis of the disulfide linkage. Uridine-4-sulfonic acid was converted rapidly to uridine with pseudo first order rate (k=0.037/min). Possibility for the photochemical formation of 4-thiouridine hydrate, though no reversion into the starting material was observed after heat treatment of the reaction solution, was discussed. The pathway of the photochemical reaction of 4-thiouridine might be a kind of multiform one.
Moreover, photosensitized oxygenation of 4-thiouridine with red light illumination was investigated in the presence of methylene blue as a photosensitizer. The reaction of 4-thiouridine to give uridine was shown to be uniform and quantitative.
Based upon the results obtained, it is supposed that (a part of) 4 sU incorporated into etiolated cotyledons might be detoxicated via photochemical processes and/or photo-sensitized oxygenation.View full abstractDownload PDF (544K) -
Masayuki NAKAGAWA, Harue TAMARI1974 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 651-655
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe herbicide, credazine, 3-(2-methyiphenoxy) pyridazine, in 200 ppm aqueous solution at pH 6.8 and 9.0 was irradiated with sunlight. It was relatively stable at pH 6.8, and 65% of the starting compound still remained unchanged after 3 weeks exposure. At pH 9.0, however, the photolysis rate was much greater, and the prominent products were 3-pyridazinone-(2 H) and o-cresol. A photonucleophilic substitution by hydroxide ion was apparently responsible for cleavage of the ether linkage. Other products included 3-(2-methylphenoxy) pyridazine-1-oxide, hydroxylated credazine and salicylic acid. o-Cresol in aqueous solution decomposed rapidly, whereas 3-pyridazinone-(2 H) remained unaffected under sunlight.View full abstractDownload PDF (336K) -
Takeaki ISHIKAWA, Kiyoshi YOSHIZAWA1974 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 657-662
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was investigated that changes of lipids during digestion of steamed rice by saccharifying enzymes composed mainly of α- and glucoamylases. During the digesting process of steamed rice, the fat-by-hydrolysis of rice grains decreased and the crude fat increased.
The composition of fatty acids changed remarkably in the fat-by-hydrolysis during digestion of steamed rice. The ratio of palmitic acid increased to occupy 72.1% finally while linoleic acid decreased very much. Only a small amount of lipids, mainly free fatty acids, were liberated in saccharified liquor because of their low solubilities in water. When ethanol was added in the reaction mixture, the liberated lipids increased exponentially according to the ethanol concentration. The amount of liberated lipids counterbalanced to the decrease of the fat-by-hydrolysis apparently.
The amounts and the composition of lipids dissolved in Saké mash are supposed to depend on its ethanol concentration and the degree of digestion of steamed rice.View full abstractDownload PDF (357K) -
Chieno TAKEDA, Susumu HIZUKURI1974 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 663-669
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe 5% water suspensions of wheat, corn, rice, potato, sweet potato and waxy rice starches were heated at constant temperatures between 40_??_100°C for 20min. The gelatinization of starch was estimated by the method of glucoamylase digestion, iodine binding and X-ray diffraction.
The ranges of pasting temperature of the starches measured by the glucoamylase method fairly agreed with that by X-ray diffraction. The approximate minimum temperatures of full gelatinization by these methods were at 70°C for wheat, at 80°C for corn, at 65°C for rice, 70°C for waxy rice, at 70°C for potato and 78°C for sweet potato starches.
It was noted that the amylose gelatinized at higher temperature than the amylopectin. Since, generally, the % gelatinization estimated by iodine binding method, which was specific for amylose, was lower than that by the glucoamylase method. Especially, the amylose of cereal starches showed strong resistance against the gelatinization. The resistance of amylose was thought to be an important factor for the gelatinization behavior of starch.View full abstractDownload PDF (503K) -
Yasuo ENOMOTO, Kakuo KITAHARA1974 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 671-677
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHinder zones were found to be formed on agar plate culture of Sporolactobacillus inulinus (SPI) mixed with sewage samples. This phenomenon was found to be caused by the growth of Streptococcus liquefaciens. Similar hinder zone on SPI was also detected by some stock strains of Sc. liquefaciens (2 strains of 9 strains), Sc. zymogenes (1/1) and Sc. faecalis (6/18), but could not be detected in genera Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Leuconostoc.
The hinder zone could also be found on lactic acid bacteria other than SPI. Sc. liquefaciens IFO 3328 (SL) acted against about 30% (28/93) strains of lactic acid bacteria, whereas Sc. faecalis IFO 3865 (SF) against 65% (61/93) strains.
Active entity of SF was considered as a substance in the category of antibiotics, but that of SL has not yet been clarified even it is a substance or not.View full abstractDownload PDF (1581K) -
Yasuo ENOMOTO, Kakuo KITAHARA1974 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 679-683
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The phenomenon of the hinder zone formation on the plate of Sporolactobacillus inulinus by Streptococcus liquefaciens was further pursued. The previous supposition that this phenomenon would be caused with an interaction between living cells could not be denied conclusively by microfilter techniques. The lysis of cells occurred only at the lag phase of Sporolactobacillus inulinus. Stepwise observations by electron microscope suggested that this phenomenon might be a release of cellular plasm from a weak point of cell-surface.
2. Antibiotic substance of Sc. faecalis was stable in a wide pH range between 2 and 11. It was inactive against Gram-negative bacteria and representative Gram-positive Staphyrococcus aureus, but active to about 30% strains of genus Bacillus. It was widely active against the strains of lactic acid bacteria, and its activity was the strongest against Sporolactobacillus inulinus.View full abstractDownload PDF (1855K) -
Shigeo FUJIMOTO, Tomonori NAGAHAMA, Matsuo KANIE1974 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 685-691
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStarch granules of sweet potato and corn were partially decomposed by either steeping them in hot water or in diluted mineral acid solutions, or by treating with α-amylase. The residual granules obtained by these treatments were studied on the embraced fatty acid compositions as well as on some chemical and physical properties.
Determinations of weight loss, iodine coloration spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns suggested a similarity of degradation by each of the treatments between the starch granules of the different two origins.
Also in desorption of the embraced fatty acids from the granules among each of the treatments brought about a similar result between the two. Thus, when the granules were steeped in hot water, the most part of the embraced fatty acids were easily transferred along with amylose into the water. The unsaturated fatty acids were found to be easily released from starch granules by each of the treatments. These results indicate that the saturated fatty acids were tightly embraced while the unsaturated ones were not or loosely embraced by the starch granules.View full abstractDownload PDF (1046K) -
Yasuji FUJITA, Shin-ichi FUJITA, Yoshinori TANAKA1974 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 693-696
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe essential oil of a fossil remain of the accurate camphor tree collected from the brown clay bed at Konoyama of Moriyama, Oe-District in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan hasbeen examined in some detail. The age of this sample was 2.5×104 years B. P. by the acetylbromide method, which shows the middle Late Pleistocene.
The yield of oil from this fossil trunk was 2.28%, and the oil contained 81% of d-camphor, 3% of d-borneol, 1% of isoborneol, and 0.4% of safrole as the characteristic compounds, together with many other constituents.
The specific optical rotatory powers of d-camphor and d-borneol showed the decrease of about 8%, comparing with that of ordinary ones.
These phenomena, with the presence of isoborneol will be explained by the postmortem reactions under ground during 2.5×104 years.
The presence of so small amount of safrole will be also remarkable.View full abstractDownload PDF (999K) -
Yasuji FUJITA, Shin-ichi FUJITA, Yoshinori TANAKA1974 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 697-700
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe components of essential oil from the trunk of young trees cultivated from the seeds of typical trees in Kagoshima Prefecture has been examined for comparisons.
The yield of oil was 1.45% and thirty compounds were determined. We can say clearly that d-camphor, 1, 8-cineole and safrole are the most characteristic components of camphor tree.
Occurrance of 0.1% of linalool was also confirmed. This is very interesting as the linalool can be considered to be the precursor of all monoterpenoids in plants.
Many other minor compounds detected in this young trunk oil can be said also to be the essential constituents of camphor tree.View full abstractDownload PDF (208K) -
Tsutomu ARAKAWA, Sachio MATSUMOTO, Daizo YONEZAWA1974 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 701-705
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn equation was proposed in the previous paper for analyzing the turbidity change of gluten suspension due to aggregation, i.e. dτ/dt=r/τ2 (quoted as equation 1 hereafter), where τ: turbidity, t: time, r: rate constant. On the course of derivation of equation 1, an equation on the light scattering coefficient Q of particles was used, i.e. Q=2 {τD(m-1)λ}2 (quoted as equation 2 hereafter), where D: particle diameter, m: ratio of the refractive index of the particles to that of the suspending fluid, λ: wave length of the incident light.
This paper deals with the further investigation or the above proposed equation for checking the accuracy in practice. The applicable extent of D in equation 2 was examined for obtaining accuracy more than 90% on the basis of theoretical data from Heller's table, and it was clarified that at λ=260mμ the applicable D is ranging from 330mμ to 990mμ and that at λ=800mμ the extent of D is from 1000mμ to 3100mμ. Experimentally, the _??_urbidity of gliadin suspension was measured precisely at different λs, and a linear relationship was found in the plot of τ3vs.t in equation 1 for λ ranging between 260mμ and 400mμ. It was also found that the above linear relationship appears in the different periods of turbidity change due to aggregation corresponding to the applicable extent of D in equation 2. Therefore, equation 1 is useful for obtaining informations on the initial stage of aggregation procedure of gliadin suspension due to the turbidimetry with λ of 260mμ-400mμ.View full abstractDownload PDF (314K) -
Yasunobu SUKETA, Ryoji TAKAHASHI, Eizo OKAYA, Takeo YAMAMOTO1974 Volume 48 Issue 12 Pages 707-710
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of various anions on the acid phosphatase in Gladiolus bulbs were studied.
The following results were obtained:
1) The activity of the enzyme was markedly inhibited with fluoride, molybdate or arsenate, respectively.
2) The activity of the enzyme was not influenced with various concentrations of EDTA or EGTA.
3) The inhibition of the enzyme by fluoride was not influenced with addition of phosphate.View full abstractDownload PDF (209K)
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