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Volume 48, Issue 2
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Koki YOKOTSUKA, Yasuhisa OHBA, Tadae KUSHIDA1974 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 77-81
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The browning compounds, produced by baking Koshu white table wine at 60°C for 150 days, were fractionated into five main peaks by gel filtration on Sephadex G-15.
2. Each peak was further fractionated by gel filtration, paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis. Nine major fractions were obtained and named as B-l, B-2, B-3, B-4, B-5, B-6, B-7, B-8 and B-9.
3. On the basis of the ultra-violet absorption spectra, the browning compounds obtained could be grouped into three types: the first type with no characteristic absorption maximum (containing B-1, B-2, B-3 and B-4), the second with λmax(S) at 280 nm (containing B-5, B-6 and B-7) and the third with λmax at 262 nm or 285 nm (containing B-8 and B-9).
4. Thus, it may be concluded that the browing compounds in baking wine consist of a family of limited numbers, and that each fraction has a characteristic nature, so for as major fractions are concerned.View full abstractDownload PDF (298K) -
Ryuzo NISIYAMA, Michio KOZAKI1974 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 83-89
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrowth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides P-60 (Leuc. P-60) and other lactic acid bacteria was inhibited by aqueous extract of tea leaves.
On the other hand, extracts of more than 21 species of higher plant had no inhibitory effect on the growth of Leuc. P-60.
The dialysate, but not dialized residue, showed inhibitory effect. Active factors were extracted by ethyl-acetate or n-butanol from an acidic aqueous solution at pH 2, and the absorption spectra of the active fractions were resembled to those of polyphenols.View full abstractDownload PDF (542K) -
Toyomasa ANAN, Muneyuki NAKAGAWA1974 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 91-96
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of shading culture on the quantity of chemical constituents in the tea leaves was investigated.
During the developing period of the tea shoots, the tea plants were covered with several sheets of black net for 13_??_25 days. The shoots were plucked at every 3_??_5 days, and its chemical constituents were analyzed.
Analysis showed that the total nitrogen content of the shaded shoots incresed, but that of the unshaded shoots slightly decreased in the early stage of the experiment thereafter it decreased. The total amino acids content and the caffeine content were in similar tendency, too. The theanine content of the shaded shoots increased early and decreased gradually, while that of the unshaded shoots decreased rapidly. The aspartic acid content of the unshaded shoots decreased, while that of the shaded shoots did not change. The tannin content of the shaded and the unshaded shoots decreased, but the decrease in former was larger. The (-)-epicatechin content and the (-)-epigallocatechin content of the shaded shoots did not change, but those of the unshaded shoots increased gradually. The free reducing sugar content showed similar tendency, too.View full abstractDownload PDF (409K) -
Osamu HIRAYAMA, Eiji ANDO, Katsumasa WAMORI, Namiko HARA1974 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 97-104
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRhodopseudomonas capsulatus was grown in the light under various culture conditions, and pigment formations were examined. In anaerobic culture the bacterium preferably used lower (C2-C5) and higher (C14-C18) fatty acids and fats and oils as hydrogen donor. Then, the organisms formed remarkably bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoids, and main carotenoids were lycopene, rhodovibrin, demethylated spirilloxanthin and spirilloxanthin. The amounts and compositions of pigments formed were, however, considerably affected by light intensity, by the presence or absence of O2 or CO2, and also by the growth phase. Lower light intensity or gassing with N2 stimulated accumulations of lycopene and rhodovibrin, while higher light intensity or gassing with air or 5% CO2 in N2 accelerated syntheses of monodemethylated spirilloxanthin and spirilloxanthin.View full abstractDownload PDF (572K) -
Yasushi MORIKAWA, Mikio SHIMIZU, Kazuo KIMURA1974 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 105-111
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral chemical modifications of a crystalline alkaline protease (Epolozyme) from Bacillus sp. were attempted to improve its heat stability.
1) Among the reagents tested for chemical modification, hexamethylenediisocyanate (HMD), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and iodine enhanced heat stability of the enzyme.
2) The heat stability of the enzyme modified with HMD increased most remarkably, although its enzymatic activity was severely damaged. This enhanced stability was probably due to the cross-linking of the enzyme molecules.
3) The enzyme modified with NBS or I2 retained 70% of its activity after 10 minute incubation at 60°C and pH 10.5, whereas the native enzyme retained only 9% of its activity after the same treatment.
4) When this phenomenon was further investigated in detail, it was found that (i) the optimal pH for the modification reactions was between 7 and 8.5, (ii) the modified enzymes had different UV spectra at the alkaline pH, (iii) heat stability enhanced only in the pH area where the enzyme was active, (iv) the modified enzymes were stable against autolysis and nitration of the enzyme with tetranitromethane (TNM) also increased heat stability.
These results strongly suggested that the enhanced heat stability was due to the increased difficulty in splitting of tyrosyl peptide bonds in autolysis because the enzyme having specificity in splitting these bonds was modified at tyrosyl residues by I2 or TNM.View full abstractDownload PDF (496K) -
Hirokazu KANAZAWA, Daizo YONEZAWA1974 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 113-117
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA precipitating fraction was separated from glutenin dispersed in 0.01M acetic acid by ultracentrifugation. In starch gel electrophoresis after reduction and cyanoethylation this fraction gave the same pattern as the supernatant fraction of glutenin. However, gel filtration revealed that it was rich in components eluted in the void volume. The components were so aggregative that they could be separated by ultracentrifugation from reduced and cyanoethylated glutenin dispersed in 0.1M acetic acid. In amino acid analysis the aggregative components obtained by ultracentrifugation showed low contents of glutamic acid and proline and high contents of basic amino acids in comparison with usual glutenin. These results and the N-terminal amino acid analysis strongly suggested that the aggregative polypeptides were identical with Fraction P described by Mita et al., (1) which formed zonal precipitate in isoelectric focusing even in the presence of 6M urea. The content of aggregative components in glutenin was determined to be about 8%. They may contribute to the association of glutenin molecules to produce an influence on rheological properties of wheat dough.View full abstractDownload PDF (2796K) -
Hitoshi OBATA, Koji SHIKATA, Tai TOKUYAMA1974 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 119-123
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlycine reductone showed oxidation waves similar to those of L-ascorbic acid and. triose reductone, i.e. it showed one oxidation wave at pH less than 8 and two in more alkaline range. The half-wave potential at pH 6.0 was +0.05V (vs. SCE), and those in. 0.1 N NaOH were -0.39 and -0.24 V, respectively. The wave heights of those polarograms were diffusion controlled and proportional to the concentration of glycine reductone in all the pH range studied. Discussions are also made on the mechanism of the electrode oxidation of glycine reductone.View full abstractDownload PDF (316K) -
Yukinobu KOTANI, Kazumi ARAKI, Kiyoshi NAKAYAMA1974 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 125-129
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious wild and mutant strains of bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes and fungi (total 1416 strains) were cultured in a medium containing DL-glyceric acid (10mg/ml), L-threonine (10mg/ml) or glycine (5mg/ml).
As a result, Nocardia butanica ATCC 21197, Nocardia paraffinica ATCC 21198 and Brevibacterium ketoglutamicum ATCC 15587 were found to accumulate 1mg/ml of L-serine in the broth. These 3 strains were belonged to a group of microorganisms which were weak in L-serine decomposition activity, although most microorganisms decomposed over 90% of the L-serine into some compounds other than glycine. Some microorganisms produced α-aminobutyrate, L-isoleucine or glycine from L-threonine.View full abstractDownload PDF (381K) -
Yukinobu KOTANI, Kazumi ARAKI, Kiyoshi NAKAYAMA1974 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 131-136
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cultural conditions for L-serine production from glycine by 3 microorganisms, Nocardia butanica ATCC 21197, Nocardia paraffinica ATCC 21198 and Brevibacterium ketoglutamicum ATCC 15587 were investigated.
As a result, 2.25mg/ml of L-serine was produced by Nocardia butanica ATCC 21197 with a medium containing 2% of glucose, 1% of ammonium sulfate, 5mg/ml of glycine, 2% of glycolic acid and others in 48 hr. Without glycolic acid, 1.76mg/ml of L-serine was produced.
For all of these microorganisms, glucose was the most preferable carbon source and its optimum concentration for L-serine production was 2%. At the concentration of glucose higher than 8%, L-serine production extremely decreased.
Using the suspensions of the cells grown on a medium containing 2% or 10% of glucose, the effect of pH and possible CI-donor such as glycolic acid or formaldehyde on L-serine production from glycine, was investigated. L-Serine forming activity of the cells was repressed by growing on a medium containing high concentration of glucose such as 10%. Optimum pH for L-serine production was approximately 7.0.View full abstractDownload PDF (375K) -
Nobu KIKUCHI, Taihei MIKI1974 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 137-140
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present authors have prepared a petroleum ether soluble acidic fraction from methanolic extracts of the sarcocarps of the date palm. A portion of this fraction was directly applied to the gas chromatograph and palmitic, capric, caprylic, linoleic, lauric, pelargonic, myristic, dodecenoic, stearic, linolenic, margaric, pentadecanoic and oleic or elaidic acids were clearly identified. Enenthic, n- and isobutyric, n- and isovaleric, n- and isocaproic and propionic acids were hardly recognized. A gas chromatogram of the methyl esters, derived from another portion of the above fraction, quite agreed with that of the free fatty acids. Some of lower fatty acid esters(<C5) seemed to be lost during the methylation and subsequent evaporation processes owing to their higher vapor pressures. Palmitic acid, major component of the sample, was isolated from the condensate as a crystalline mass. This substance was identified by infra-red spectroscopy and gas chromatography. One of the reference compounds, trans-dodecenoic acid, was synthesized from 1-decen-3-ol via diethyl dodecenyl malonate.View full abstractDownload PDF (233K) -
Hideyo SHIMIZU, Masanobu ISHIDA, Yuko HANAICHI, Mikio TOMOYEDA1974 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 141-143
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy gas-liquid chromatographic analysis, it was revealed that acetoin and diacetyl were produced by Aerobacter aerogenes IFO 3317 grown in the medium containing glucose 1%, peptone 0.5%, yeast extract 0.5%, KH2PO4 0.05% and MgSO4•7 H2O 0.05%, pH 7.0.
L-Arabinose was the most effective carbon source for acetoin production. The optimum pH of the medium for acetoin and diacetyl production was 7.0_??_8.0.View full abstractDownload PDF (241K) -
Tadakazu TAKEO1974 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 145-146
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe uptakes of arsenate, sodium, cadmium, zinc, copper and lead ions by roots of tea seedlings and their transport to the shoots were examined in solution cultures.
Arsenate and sodium ions were rapidly transported to the leaves after uptake by roots. The other hand, the heavy metals, such as Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb, accumulated in roots. And their elements bound in roots were not released throughout 10 days after application. The concentrations of the heavy metals in tea leaves were kept to the low level determined in tea leaves from tea field.
Arsenate and copper showed the harmful effects on roots and leaves. However, the effects of lead, cadmium and zinc were rather mild.View full abstractDownload PDF (143K) -
Fumio YONEDA, Yoshio FURUSAWA, Yuichiro KUROSAWA, Isso CHUMAN1974 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 147-149
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the preceding paper we reported that glycyrrhetinic acid, a hydrolytic product of glycyrrhizin which is a component of Kanzoo, oriental drug plant, showed an inhibiting action for trypsin. This time, we synthesized several glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives by the known method and anti-tryptic activity of them was tested. Among these derivatives, glycyrrhetinic acid nicotinate morpholine salt, glycyrrhetinic acid piperonate, glycyrrhetinic acid cinnamate morpholine salt, glycyrrhetinic acid p-methoxycinnamate, and glycyrrhetinic acid nicotinate showed the strong inhibiting activity compared with the parent compound.View full abstractDownload PDF (157K) -
Ichiji YAMASHITA, Taro TAMURA, Seiji YOSHIKAWA, Tomiaki SHIMAMOTO, Aki ...1974 Volume 48 Issue 2 Pages 151-154
Published: 1974
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA gas chromatographic method was developed for the determination of the volatile and nonvolatile organic acids, as their butyl derivatives, in fruits.
The acids were extracted by 75% ethanol or hot water (for grapes). The aliquot was passed through ion exchange resins to eliminate the interferences. The eluate containing acids was neutralized by sodium hydroxide and evaporated to dryness under vacuum at 55°C. These sodium salts of organic acids were esterified with sulfuric acid and butanol, then the esters these prepared were extracted in hexane. The hexane solution of butyl derivatives including n-tridecane as an internal standard was separated on a column of 5% Reoplex 400 on Chromosorb W AW.
This method permits the simultaneous determination of several volatile and nonvolatile organic acids in fruits, such as formic, acetic, lactic, glycolic, oxalic, fumaric, malic, tartaric and citric acids within an hour.View full abstractDownload PDF (282K)
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