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Volume 51, Issue 4
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Yoshihide YAMAKAWA, Mamoru HARAKAWA, Shoji GOTO, Isami YOKOTSUKA1977 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 183-188
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study has been done with acetone powder, cell-free extract and protein fraction (crude enzyme) of Cladosporium cladosporioides No .9 to obtain additional information on the mechanism of ester formation.
The following results were obtained:
(1) The acetone powder and cell-free extract produced isoamyl acetate from isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid, but the protein fraction did not.
(2) The optimum conditions for ester formation by the cell-free extract were as. follows: pH 6.5; fermentation temperature, 25°C; fermentation time, 120min. The cellfree extract was relatively stable at pH 7.0.
(3) Addition of co-factors (acetyl-CoA, CoA, ATP, Mg2+) was effective on ester formation by the cell-free extract.
(4) Isoamyl acetate was produced from isoamyl alcohol and acetyl-CoA in the presence of the protein fraction obtained from the cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (467K) -
Hiromu KAMEOKA, Chi-Pao WANG1977 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 189-194
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe constituents of the steam volatile oil of the flower have been studied.
The steam volatile oil was obtained in 0.418% yield by steam distillation from the fresh flower of Cordyline australis Hook. fil., which was collected from Sennan City in May, 1974.
The steam volatile oil was treated with a 5% sodium carbonate solution, then with a 5% sodium hydroxide solution, and was separated into the three parts; neutral part, sodium carbonate soluble part and sodium hydroxide soluble part.
The neutral part was further fractionated by alumina column chromatography, using n-hexane, benzene, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate and methanol successively.
The every fraction was investigated by gas chromatography, infrared, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and each component was further identified by comparison with authentic compounds.
As the results, it was found that the neutral part of this steam volatile oil contained; α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, 1-p-menthene, α-terpinene, limonene, p-cymene, terpinolene, β-sesquiphellandrene, n-hexanol, 3-hexen-1-ol, 3-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, n-octanol, linalool, linalyl acetate, 1-terpinen-4-ol, furfuryl alcohol, α-terpineol, citronellol, nerol, geraniol, benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate, β-phenyl ethyl alcohol, β-phenyl ethyl acetate and aliphatic hydrocarbons of C10-C32.
The sodium carbonate soluble part contained aliphatic fatty acids of C3-C18.
The sodium hydroxide soluble part contained guaiacol, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy toluene (creosol), phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, eugenol, isoeugenol, carvacrol and chavicol.View full abstractDownload PDF (390K) -
Takeharu MASAKI, Keiji NAKAMURA, Masami SOEJIMA1977 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 195-202
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEsterase activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, subtilisin BPN' andAchromobacter lyticus protease-I toward TAME, BAEE and ATEE were estimated by using acidbase indicators.
The principle of this method was based on the measurement of the absorbance changes of acid-base indicators, i, e., phenol red (PR), or neutral red (NR), caused by the increase of hydrogen ion liberated from above substrates during the esterase action.
The reaction mixture consisted of 8.3 μ/ml of PR in 15 to 20mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0 (PR-T method), or 6.7 μg/ml of NR in 10mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0_??_7.9 (NR-P method), together with 1.85mM to 20mM of substrates. The absorbance changes were monitored at 560 nm (PR-T method) or at 530 nm (NR-P method) at 30°C during the enzyme action for 5min.
The Km of subtilisin BPN' and Achromobacter lyticus protease-I for BAEE obtained by PR-T method were 10.0mM and 18.1mM, respectively. The Km and Kcat of papain for BAEE by NR-P method were 20.0mM and 10.1 sec-1. These values were well accorded with the reported values which were estimated by pH-stat method.View full abstractDownload PDF (603K) -
Kanji HIGASHIO, Yasuo YOSHIOKA, Toshihiko KIKUCHI1977 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 203-208
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn symbiotic culture in milk, certain amino acids produced by Lactobacillus bulgaricus stimulated the growth of Streptococcus thermophilus and these amino acids were identified as valine, histidine, methionine, glutamic acid and leucine. From the stimulative effect on acid production of S. thermophilus by omission of single amino acid from a mixture of these five amino acid, valine was formed to be the most effective.
Each of these amino acids did not show any stimulative effect, however only a mixture of these amino acids showed more rapid acid production of S. thermophilus.View full abstractDownload PDF (442K) -
Kanji HIGASHIO, Yasuo YOSHIOKA, Toshihiko KIKUCHI1977 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 209-215
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the symbiotic growth of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in milk, the latter produced the growth stimulating substances of the former. The substances for L. bulgaricus were identified as formic and pyruvic acids. These two organic acids showed a synergistic effect on stimulation of acid production and growth of L. bulgaricus. These phenomena were found in all strains of L. bulgaricus in this study.
In the combination of two organic acids, formic acid was not replaced by other organic acids, but pyruvic acid was able to be replaced by oxaloacetic, fumaric, L-malic and α-ketoglutaric acid. The effect on stimulation of oxaloacetic and fumaric acid was nearly equal to that of pyruvic acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (521K) -
Naotoshi MATSUDOMI, Kunihiko KOBAYASHI, Sabro AKUTA1977 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 217-221
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Twenty-eight strains of New Coccine(NC)-degrading bacteria were isolated from various pickles and they were taxonomically divided into four groups from their morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics. The four groups were identified as follows: (A) six strains of Bacillus cereus, (B) one strain of B. cereus var. mycoides, (C) three strains of B. subtilis, and (D) eighteen strains of B. pumilus.
2. The degradation products of NC were separated into three spots (PI, PII and PIII) by paper chromatography. From the results of Rf values, color reactions, fluorescence, and absorption spectra, PI and PIII were identified as naphthionic acid (NTA) and amino-G acid (AGA), respectively. PII is presumed to be an intermediate of the degradation product.
3. All isolated strains had higher NC-degrading activity than the strains of the same species preserved in a culture collection.View full abstractDownload PDF (351K) -
Shiro OKUDA, Shigeru SANAI, Akira TAHARA1977 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 223-226
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of 23 hydrofluorene derivatives on the growth of rice and barnyard grass seedlings were investigated as follows.
1. Most of these compounds remarkably stimulated the root growth of the seedlings, but they were not so effective on shoot growth.
2. Some compounds showed an inhibitory activity on the growth of barnyard grass, though they promoted the root growth of rice.
3. Positive correlation between the relative activities of these compounds in the growth of root and shoot of barnyard grass was observed (γ=0.714).
4. One of the four stereo isomers of diacids showed a strong inhibitory activity on the growth of barnyard grass. Interestingly, the compound (No. 8) possesses the same stereo conformation as that of diacids-typed gibberellins.View full abstractDownload PDF (241K) -
Shiro OKUDA, Shigeru SANAI, Akira TAHARA1977 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 227-232
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of 54 hydrophenanthrene derivatives on the growth of rice and barnyard grass seedlings were investigated as follows.
1. Most of these compounds remarkably stimulated the root growth of the seedlings, but they were not so effective on the shoot growth.
2. Some compounds showed an inhibitory activity on the growth of barnyard grass, though they promoted the root growth of rice.
3. Positive correlation between the relative activities of these compounds on the growth of root and shoot of barnyard grass was observed (γ=0.685).View full abstractDownload PDF (311K) -
Effects of Culture Conditions of Candida tropicalis on the NMR Spectral Patterns of the Cell-wall MannansTakashi HIRATA, Takasuke ISHITANI1977 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 233-238
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of culture conditions of Candida tropicalis on the patterns of NMR spectra of the cell-wall mannans obtained from the yeast by alkali extraction were studied.
When the yeast was cultivated on a medium containing glucose as a sole carbon source, no appreciable variation of the spectral pattern with cultivation temperature, pH and growth phase of the cells was detected. Mannan from the cells developed into. filamentous form by cultivating on the medium containing n-alkane (C13-C16) as a sole carbon source and Triton X-100 as an emulsifying agent showed a spectral pattern significantly different from that of the mannan from glucose medium. As judged by IR absorption spectrum and precipitation curve with concanavalin A, no difference could be detected in each mannan.
Thus, availability of NMR spectroscopy as a tool for the discrimination of the yeast strains presented as a source of single cell protein was discussed from the standpoint of evaluating and assuring their microbiological quality or innocuousness before they could be utilized as animal and fish feed.View full abstractDownload PDF (380K) -
Shoichi TAKAO, Masatoshi TANIDA1977 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 239-244
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the aim of microbial utilization of non-sugar carbon souces, 235 strains of microorganisms isolated from soil were cultured on eight kinds of non-sugar carbon sources and their metabolites were surveyed. In the course of study, pyruvic acid was detected in the culture broth of six strains. Especially, bacterial strain No. 37-3 A produced large amounts of pyruvic acid from 1, 2-propylene glycol.
At levels of 1 and 2% of 1, 2-propylene glycol in the medium, the bacterium gave yields of pyruvic acid as high as about 35% based on the initial substrate. Ammonium salts were favorable as nitrogen sources and the addition of excess CaCO3 was necessary for pyruvic acid production. When the medium was supplemented with more than 0.05% yeast extract, bacterial growth was stimulated, but no pyruvic acid was produced. A similar effect was observed with thiamine. Among various C-3 compounds other than 1, 2-propylene glycol, lactate and propionate were available for pyruvic acid production by this bacterium and the yields were about 28% and 25% respectively. From the results of taxonomical studies, the bacterial strain No. 37-3 A was identified as Corynebacterium sp.View full abstractDownload PDF (484K) -
Kazuyasu UMEMOTO, Tôru NAGASAWA1977 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 245-251
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors elucidated the structure including the absolute configuration of a new monoterpenic diol (1) which was isolated from the essential oil of Mentha gentilis (L.) containing (+)-1, 2-epoxyneomenthyl acetate (13) as a major component.
Compound 1 was hydrogenated to afford a mixture of the dihydro-derivatives (7 and 8), which was oxidized with Collins' reagent to give diosphenols (9 and 10). Thus, compound 7 and 8 were assigned to be the epimers at C-1 methyl of p-menthan-2, 3-diol, and therefore 1 was assigned as p-menth-6-en-2, 3-diol. From the distinction of the coupling constant observed between H1 at C-1 and H2 at C-2 positions in the NMR spectra of 7 and 8, the stereochemistry of the methyl groups at C-1 were determined as β-and α-configurations, respectively. Further, the hydroxy groups at C-2 and C-3 in 1, 7 or 8 should have equatorial and axial conformation, since the coupling constant due to the methine proton at C-3 was observed as Jh/2=5.5_??_6 Hz.
Furthermore, 13 having (1S:2S:3R:4S) configuration was treated with BF3•OEt2 in ether to give (+)-3-acetoxy-p-menth-2-one (14) as the main product. Compound 14 thus obtained was reduced with LiAlH4 to afford (+)-p-menthan-2, 3-diol, which was identical with the dihydro-derivative (8). The reduction product of 13 with mixed LiAlH4 and AlCl3 in ether was also in good agreement with 8.
Based on the above fact, the absolute configuration of (-)-1, (-)-7 and (+)-8 were determined as (2S:3R:4S), (lR:2S:3R:4S) and (1S:2S:3R:4S), respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
Shin-ichi FUJITA, Masakatsu EGAWA, Yasuji FUJITA1977 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 253-258
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors have examined the essential oils obtained by steam distillation accompanying enzymic and acid hydrolysis of C. Sasanqua and its cultivar. ‘Kantsubaki’.
The total yields of the oils of C. Sasanqua are 0.66_??_0.81% and that of ‘Kantsubaki’ are 0.53_??_0.73%. The both oils equally have as much as 85-95% of eugenol to the total oils.
On the contrary, in the case of C. japonica Linn. the yields of total oils are so small as 0.015_??_0.05% and the oils contained only 3.2_??_18.7% of eugenol.
On the basis of these results, it seems resonable to assume that ‘Kantsubaki’ is not a different species but merely a form of C. Sasanqua, though T. Nakai gave the name C. hiemalis to this plant in 1940. So we prefer the nomenclature of T. Tsuyama as C. Sasanqua cv. ‘Kantsubaki’ (=C. hiemalis Nakai).
The minor components of these oils were also determined in some detail.View full abstractDownload PDF (375K) -
Masanao OYA, Tomoko TAKAHASHI1977 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 259-260
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reaction of N-carboxy-α-amino acid anhydrides with α-amino acid benzylester p-toluenesul-fonate in acetonitrile solution containing triethylamine gave cyclodipeptides and dipeptides consisting two kind of amino acids by cooling the mixture after finishing the reaction.
This reaction makes cyclodipeptides consisting two kind of α-amino acid produce with simple steps compair with the reaction which have been proposed; the cyclization of dipeptide amide in the dilute solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (136K)
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