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Volume 51, Issue 5
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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A Method for the Selective Counting of Shoyu-Yeasts by the Inhibition of Metal Salts to Yeast GrowthRintome BABA, Yasuhiro IZUMI, Hiroshi MOTAI, Yoshio HANAOKA1977 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 261-267
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new method for selective counting of Saccharomyces group and Torulopsis group which are main fermentive yeasts in shoyu-mash during brewing has been established by the sensitive inhibition of metal salts against the yeast growth.
By the addition of 1/100M Zn2+ or 1/15M Li+ to the medium containing 15 to 18% NaCl, shoyu-yeasts could be effectively separated into two groups: Saccharomyces and Torulopsis groups. The former was inhibited by Zn2+ and Li+, while the latter was not. However it was found by examining nitrate-assimilation and sugar-fermentation of the yeast colonies grown on Zn-, Li- and basal-medium that the Zn-medium was more effective in selective counting of two groups of shoyu-yeasts than the Li-medium. As the results of applying the Zn-medium to the yeast-flora of shoyu-mash during brewing process, Saccharomyces group generally was found in early stage of brewing (1_??_3 month), while Torulopsis group was observed to mainly exist either in early stage or in old maturing stage (4_??_7 month).View full abstractDownload PDF (579K) -
Hiroshi MASUDA, Shiro SUGAWARA1977 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 269-274
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSaccharase in the cell wall preparation of hypocotyls and roots of germinating sugar beets was investigated with reference to saccharase isolated from the aged tissue slices of the mature roots.
Effect of sodium chloride concentration on release of the enzyme, insolubilization by decreasing the salt concentration, pH or temperature dependence on the activity and the stability, and pattern of gel filtration on Sepharose 6 B were quite identical with saccharase from the mature root tissue.
Changes in saccharase activity and in sugar content during germination period were also studied. The enzyme activity decreased to a certain extent after four days of germination, and later the activity remained approximately at a constant level. But no appreciable changes in specific activity or activity per mg dry weight of cell wall preparation were observed throughout the germination period tested.View full abstractDownload PDF (505K) -
Schokichi ABE1977 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 275-280
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBlepharisma japonicum Suzuki, a species of protozoa, was transformed into spherocell by the addition of amines as described in the previous papers. In this paper the action of amines in that cell has been investigated.
When blepharisma was transformed into spherocell by the addition of amine, amine deprived Mn2+ ion from blepharisma.
On the contrary, spherocell was retransformed into blepharisma and was kept in morphologically normal form under the existences of Ca2+ ion and Mn2+ ion.
Spherocell formation activity of amines was inhibited by Mn2+ ions.View full abstractDownload PDF (488K) -
Keishichi YOKOYA1977 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 281-286
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSlice of Laminaria ochotensis Miyabe was dried in an air dryer at 50°C, and the shrunk surface area, the shrinking rate and the dried tissue were investigated quantitatively.
Using the shrinkage curve, the shrunk surface area curve was plotted vs. drying time, and it showed nearly a linear shrinkage up to 25min of drying period.
When the shrunk surface area curve was expressed vs. moisture content, the shrinkage proceeded in four periods, which were roughly in correspondence to four drying rate periods.
From the shrunk surface area curve, the shrinkage characteristic curve, i.e. shrinking rate (cm/cm hr) vs. moisture content, was obtained.
Basing on this curve and the drying characteristic (drying rate vs. moisture content), the drying mechanism was clarified more precisely.
Concerning the shrinking rate of Laminaria ochotensis Miyabe, it was found that the shrinking rate is largest in the second falling rate period, and lipid in the dried tissue was observed markedly in the cortical layer portion and the medullary layer portion.View full abstractDownload PDF (3610K) -
Akihiko KUMAI, Kihei KOBAYASHI1977 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 287-292
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain the information in regard to the stability of bovine lung kallikrein inhibitor (KI) the purified inhibitor was heated in hydrochloric acid of various concentrations. The trypsin inhibitory activity of KI was not reduced at all even by incubation in 0.25 N HCl at 90°C for 90 minutes and in 0.1 N HCl at 100°C for 90 minutes.
KI was not so stable in alkaline as in acidic region. Ultraviolet ray irradiation of KI in neutral or acidic solution afforded no effect to the activity. In contrast the irradiation in alkaline solution resulted in a gradual inactivation.
The lyophilized preparation of KI did not lose the trypsin inhibitory activity at all by means of pressure of 5000kg per cm2 at least.
From the results of circular dichroism spectra and thin-layer chromatogram of KI heated in acid, it is suggested that during the process of an inactivation some changes should rise on the tertiary structure and subsequently amino acids and peptide fragments were produced by hydrolysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (456K) -
Naotoshi MATSUDOMI, Kunihiko KOBAYASHI, Sabro AKUTA1977 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 293-298
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper, among some bacteria degrading New Coccine (NC) in various pickles, Bacillus cereus T-105 strain was found to have the strongest NC-degrading activity, and it was suggested that enzymes splitting azo bond (-N=N-) might be present in this strain.
In this paper, the culture conditions for the growth of this strain having a strong NC-degrading activity were studied.
(1) The growth of the strain was not inhibited by concentrations below 0.01% NC in the bouillon broth medium. The optimum pH and temperature for the growth were 7.0 and 30°C, respectively. In the bouillon broth medium containing 1% glucose, the growth of cells were greatly increased. Moreover, the growth of cells were increased remarkably by the stationary culture for 12 hr after the shaking culture for 12 hr.
(2) The cells having the highest NC-degrading activity were obtained by the stationary culture for 24 hr after the shaking culture for 12 hr. The enzyme activity increased at the stationary phase of growth, and decreased remarkably by the shaking culture condition.
(3) The NC-degrading enzyme activity was increased remarkably by the addition of substrates, such as glucose-6-phosphate, isocitrate, α-ketoglutarate, malate, and alanine. The result indicated that the NC-degrading enzyme might be coupled with dehydrogenase systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (428K) -
Kyohei MIZOKAMI, Michio KOZAKI, Kakuo KITAHARA1977 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 299-307
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA strain of orange-colored Streptococcus bovis isolated from bovine rumen has a strong fermentability of raw starch and produces a single extra-cellular amylase, and the activity of this amylase on raw starch is remarkable when compared with ordinary bacterial amylase.
Authors have studied the crystallization and some characteristics of this amylase. It was known that this amylase came under the category of bacterial saccharifying α-amylase from the mutarotation of reducing sugar produced and the mode of action on soluble starch.
This crystallized amylase also has an ability to dissolve completely various raw grain starches producing chiefly glucose and maltose. The remarkable activity for raw starches suggests that this amylase should be specially called as “raw starch hydrolase” (RSase).View full abstractDownload PDF (3631K) -
Sachio MIYAIRI1977 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 309-314
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSβ-Glucosidase was immobilized in gelatin membrane by drying gelatin-enzyme solution in air on a plate, followed by treatment with glutaraldehyde. The immobilized β-glucosidase was characterized enzymatically comparing with the native enzyme, using p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside as a substrate. Yield of the activity of the immobilized enzyme was obtained as much as 51% of the native enzyme and little decrease of the activity was observed both on re-use and on storage. Much differences were found neither in pH nor temperature dependency between immobilized and native enzymes. Affinity for the substrate was decreased, as apparent Michaelis constant in enzyme reaction was 5.4×10-3M in the immobilized enzyme, while 2.6×10-3M in the native enzyme, at pH 5.7. The yield of the activity had a tendency to increase as a membrane thickness decreased. Stability of the activity to heating or to electrolytic dialysis was increased by immobilization. Retentivity of the activity to treatments with various proteases depended largely on properties of gelatin membrane.View full abstractDownload PDF (467K) -
Ryo TATSUKAWA, Jiroh ITOH, Tadaaki WAKIMOTO1977 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 315-320
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCoprostanol (5 β-cholestan-3 β-ol) is a characteristic sterol found in the feces of man and higher animals. This compound is available for an indicator of fecal pollution.
Coprostanol and cholesterol in water samples were extracted with n-hexane and silylated by N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). The reaction products were determined by a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer equipped with multi-ion detector (GC-MS-MID).
In extraction step for polluted waters emulsion was often formed in the lower layer of n-hexane. This emulsion resulted in decrease of extraction efficiencies for coprostanol and cholesterol. Washing the hexane layer with 1 N potassium hydroxide in 70 per cent ethanol broke this emulsion and recovered these sterols in high efficiencies.
Alkali hydrolysis step was able to omit, when only coprostanol was analysed, because coprostanol was found as free sterol in the aquatic environment.
The determination of these sterols by GC-MS-MID was 5×105 times sensitive than that by GC-FID. The detection limits are 1 ng for coprostanol and 3 ng for cholesterol when 1-liter water sample was used.
This method is very sensitive and accurate, and applicable to the determination of trace amounts of coprostanol in the aquatic environment, in particular, sea water for monitoring of fecal pollution.View full abstractDownload PDF (429K) -
Kazuki SHINOHARA, Kwang-Jee JOO, Jin-HA LEE, Hiroki MURAKAMI, Hirohisa ...1977 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 321-326
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reaction of triose reductone-2-phosphate (TR-2-P) with catecholamines (CA) such as dopa, dopamine, noradrenaline or adrenaline was carried out at 90°C for 2 hr and UV absorption spectra and their variation were measured. The comparison with that of triose reductone (TR) was also examined.
It was found that in the reaction of TR-2-P with dopa, dopamine or noradrenaline at pH 2 or 7, the optical density at around 320 nm, suggesting the formation of the condensation products, increased markedly. This increase was higher than in the reaction of TR and CA. Furthermore, the decrease at near 280 nm characteristic of TR-2-P and CA was slight, while the variation at near 280 nm was severe when TR was used instead of TR-2-P.
On the other hand, the notable increase at around 320 nm was observed especially in the reaction mixture of TR-2-P and dopa, dopamine or noradrenaline of which endiol groups were protected with metaboric acid in dimethylsulfoxide, but in the case of adrenaline the increase was low compared with the other three CA.
From the results of paper chromatography and electrophoresis, the reaction products were found to be the condensation products of TR-2-P and CA.View full abstractDownload PDF (465K) -
Toyokazu YAMADA, Kazuhiko KIYAMA1977 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 327-329
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDrying, roasting and salt-coating of sesame seeds were investigated in the fluidized bed which was newly developed. Experimental results of drying rate showed that drying process of sesame seeds could be analytically calculated.
The taste of salt-coating roasted sesame seeds was compared with that of roasted sesame seeds mixed with salt. According to the results of taste, salt-coating roasted sesame seeds will be able to be used as an ingredient as roasted sesame seeds mixed with salt.View full abstractDownload PDF (177K) -
Shigeyuki IRIE, Fusao YUKI, Atsushi MURANO1977 Volume 51 Issue 5 Pages 331-333
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA quantitative method for the determination of S-n-butyl S'-p-tert-butylbenzyl N-3-pyridyldithiocarbonimidate (Denmert_??_) and its formulations was developed by gas chromatography (GC). Denmert was separated from its m-isomer and impurities by an apparatus equipped with a hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID) and determined by using 1, 3, 5-triphenylbenzene as an internal standard, under the following GC conditions; gas chromatograph: Shimadzu GC-5 APTF with an FID; column: a glass column, 3mm i.d. and 0.5m in length, packed with 2% PEG 20M/Chromosorb W (AW, DMCS, 60_??_80 mesh); column temp.: 220°C; injection port and detector temp.: 270°C; carrier gas: N2, 80ml/min. Moreover, most of impurities in technical products of Denmert were identified by a mass spectrometer combined with GC and determined by programmed temperature GC using the same column.View full abstractDownload PDF (178K)
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