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Volume 55, Issue 12
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Hiromichi NII, Kiyoshi FURUKAWA, Mitsuo IWAKIRI, Takashi KUBOTA1981 Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages 1179-1186
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA previous paper reported on constituents of the essential oil (I) from fruits of M. thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Japanese name “Tabunoki”) grown in Ibaraki-city (Osaka prefecture). This paper reports on constituents of the essential oil (II) from fruits of Tabunoki grown in Yawata-city (Kyoto prefecture). Oil (I) has a characteristic ocimene-like odor, while oil (II) has a camphor-like odor. The constituents of these two essential oils from the mesocarps, seeds and leaves were investigated by chromatographical and spectral methods. A total of 85 compounds were identified, and among them 17 compounds could not be found in (I). The major components in mesocarp oil were α-pinene (29.0%), camphene (14.0%), limonene (9.0%), 1, 8-cineol (7.5%) and bornyl acetate (7.7%). trans-β-Ocimene, the principal component in (I), was very little in this oil. Further, the seed oil contained β-bisabolene (11.2%), α-curucumene (12. 4%), hexadecanal (16.3%) and a small amount of caryophyllene which was the major component in (I). The leaf oil contained α-pinene (10.8%), caryophyllene (9.0%) and β-bisabolene (25.0%).View full abstractDownload PDF (528K) -
Kenji NAKAJIMA, Akio SATO, Terunobu MISONO, Takeo IIDA1981 Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages 1187-1195
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNocardia sp. BPM 1613, which was isolated from soil, utilized squalene (2, 6, 10, 15, 19, 23-hexamethyl-2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22-tetracosahexaene) as the sole source of carbon and accumulated an oxidation product in the culture broth. The product was extracted with diethyl ether, chromatographed on a silica gel column and purified by repeated recrystallizations from hexane. On the basis of instrumental analyses, the structure of the product was confirmed as squalenedioic acid (2, 6, 10, 15, 19, 23-hexamethyl-2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22-tetracosahexaene-1, 24-dioic acid). Cultural conditions were examined for production of squalenedioic acid from squalene by this strain. When urea was employed as a nitrogen source, the yield of squalenedioic acid was 3.41g/liter.
The assimilability of isoprenoid hydrocarbons (pristane, squalene and squalane) and monomethyl paraffins (2-, 3- and 4-methyldodecanes and 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-methylundecanes) was tested by ten strains of standard cultures (Candida lipolytica, Can. rugosa, Can. tropicalis, Pichia farinosa, Arthrobacter simplex, Corynebacterium equi, Cor. fascians, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Nocardia asteroides and N. corallina) and four strains of isolated cultures (BPM 7713, BPI 3143 and NB 1802), including Nocardia sp. BPM 1613. In the case of isoprenoid hydrocarbons, pris-tane was easily assimilated by one standard culture (N. corallina) and all strains of isolated cultures, and squalene was utilized by the majority of tested strains, but squalane was assimilated only by NB 1802. In general, monomethyl paraffins having an internal methyl branch such as 4-methyldodecane were more resistant to microbial assimilation than those having an external branch such as 2-methyldodecane. Oxidation products of pristane, squalene, squalane and 2-, 3- and 4-methyldodecane were also examined by six strains (Can. lipolytica, Cor. equi, M. smegmatis, Nocardia sp. BPM 1613, BPM 7713 and NB 1802). All strains produced monoalcohol (pristanol) and monocarboxylic acid (pristanic acid) from pristane, and four strains (Can. lipolytica, Cor. equi, Nocardia sp. BPM 1613 and NB 1802) produced dicarboxylic acid (squalenedioic acid) from squalene. On the other hand, no strain tested accumulated oxidation products from squalane. In the case of monomethyldodecanes, all strains produced considerable amounts of monoalcohol from 4-methyldodecane, which has an internal methyl branch.View full abstractDownload PDF (675K) -
Tamikazu KUME, Hitoshi ITO, Masaaki TAKEHISA, Hiroshi IIZUKA1981 Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages 1197-1203
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of γ-irradiation on disinfection and storage of chick feed in kraft paper bags was investigated to prevent microbiological problems and extend storage life. In various samples obtained in different seasons, the counts of organisms were: total organisms, 2.4×105_??_3.9×106; coliforms, 4.1×104_??_9.0×105; osmophilic moulds, 1.1×103_??_2.2×103; and fungi, 1.8×104_??_1.1×105 per gram. By 0.2 Mrad irradiation, the number of total organisms decreased to 1/10_??_1/20; coliforms decreased to 1/20_??_1/50; osmophilic moulds decreased to below identification; and other fungi decreased to 1/10_??_1/1000.
The number of osmophilic moulds in unirradiated samples was increased during storage at high humidity conditions, whereas other microorganisms were not markedly changed. By 0.2 Mrad irradiation, the moulds were eliminated below identification but the number increased rapidly during storage. On the other hand, the occurrence of the moulds during storage was inhibited significantly in the 0.5 Mrad irradiated sample. From these results, it is concluded that mixed feed for chicks can be stored for 3_??_4 months in the summer season after 0.5 Mrad irradiation.View full abstractDownload PDF (522K) -
Yoshihiko OBARA, Yasunaga UMEMOTO, Hiromichi MATSUBARA1981 Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages 1205-1212
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding experiments were carried out on male baby chicks of Goto-606 and Goto-607 strains with several aminobenzenes. pyrimidines, purines, amino-s-triazines and their related compounds.
When the chemical contents in feeds were 1 and 3%, blindness did not occur in baby chicks except after administration of formoguanamine and 2-amino-s-triazine. One of three chicks given feeds containing 3% 2, 4-bis (acetylamino)-s-trizaine showed discolouration of the retina. Introduction of the N-substituted amino group (s) into formoguanamine and 2-amino-s-triazine die not cause blindness in chicks.
When phenylenediamines were given to chicks orally (1% active ingredients), they showed acute toxicities. Amino-dichloro-s-triazines (1% a. i.) showed the strongest lethal toxicity among four types of amino-s-triazines. But most heterocyclic compounds without s-triazines did not show any toxicity.
2, 4-Bis (diethylamino)-s-triazine and 2-ethylamino-4-isopropylamino-s-triazine (3% a. i.) did not cause blindness but caused loss of appetite in baby chicks.View full abstractDownload PDF (590K) -
Keiko TSUKAMOTO, Shinsaku HAYASHIDA1981 Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages 1213-1216
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAntibiotic substance F 16-2 was produced by Bacillus subtilis 16-2 isolated from rice-koji in sake breweries. The F 16-2 inhibited the growth of Lactobacillus sake and Saccharomyces sake. In the classic moto, kimoto, infected with F 16-2, acid formation by L. sake and growth of S. sake were significantly depressed. In the moromi sake mash infected with F 16-2, fermentation was suppressed and ceased at an alcohol concentration of 12 to 13%. F 16-2-resistant mutants of L. sake and S. sake were isolated as natural mutants from their respective cultures. A F 16-2-resistant mutant No. 7-2, selected from the culture of S. sake Kyokai No. 7, showed the same property with that of the parent. Even in sake mash infected with F 16-2, mutant No. 7-2 indicated normal growth, and fermentation proceeded to an alcohol concentration of 20%.View full abstractDownload PDF (968K) -
Fumio HASHINAGA, Shuichi IWAHORI, Yasunori NISHI, Saburo ITOO1981 Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages 1217-1223
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon) on cell wall degrading enzymes in the abscission zones of mulberry leaves was investigated, and the activities of these enzymes in the petiole were determined. The activity of cellulase in the section proximal to the abscission zone was the highest among the three parts examined and lowest in the petiole. Enzyme activities in the abscission zones increased remarkably in late fall. On the other hand, endo-polygalacturonase decreased slightly. The activities of hemicellulase and pectinesterase rose slightly in fall. The activity of cellulase was abundant in the abscission zone of the lower leaves, while exo-poligalacturonase activity was higher in the upper leaves. The abscission of mulberry leaves was accelerated by ethephon treatment, and the activity of cellulase in the abscission zone increased markedly. By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, two kinds of isoenzymes were found. The enzyme band with Rm 0.16 increased slightly earlier than the other band. The activity of exo-polygalacturonase and hemicellulase increased by ethephon treatment. Endo-polygalacturonase and pectinesterase showed a slight decrease after ethephon treatment and did not correlate with abscission. The results obtained show that increases in cellulase, exo-polygalacturonase and hemicellulase are associated with natural abscission, and they chemically accelerate abscission of the mulberry leaf.View full abstractDownload PDF (467K) -
Hisaya HORIUCHI, Keiko AZUMA1981 Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages 1225-1231
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the effect of fine air bubbles in mochi cake on the large temperature dependence of elastic modulus of the cake, complex modulus, apparent specific volume and distribution of proes in Kamaboko and Hanpen which were quite different in air content to each other were measured.
Temperature dependence of the dynamic modulus of Hanpen showed a similar decline to that of the relaxation modulus of mochi cake. The modulus of Kamaboko, however, did not show such a decline above 50°C, on the contrary, a steady or upward trend was observed. Increase in the elasticity of the protein gel in Kamaboko by temperature was considered to due to be the natural character of the gel, or hardening of the structure resulted from progressive coagulation of the protein by reheating.
Both the apparent specific volume and the rate of volume increase of Hanpen were larger by five-fold than those of Kamaboko at room temperature. Differential of specific volume, i.e., coefficient of cubical expansio vs. temperature curve, showed a transition point that suggested some changes in the gel structure.
Size and distribution of pores measured by microscope agreed with the result by determining specific volume.View full abstractDownload PDF (1179K) -
Hiromu KAMEOKA, Hitoshi TSUJINO, Keiichi YABUNO, Humiyoshi INOUE1981 Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages 1233-1235
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSteam volatile oils were obtained by steam distillation of umezuke [I] and umeboshi [II]. Each volatile oil was chemically separated into three fractions: neutral, sodium bicarbonate soluble and sodium hydroxide fraction. Each fraction was investigated by GLC and GC-MS spectra. The components were characterized in comparison to authentic compounds or published data.
The characteristic major components of the steam volatile oil from umezuke were furfural, 5-methyl-2-furfural, 2-ethyl-3-methyl maleic anhydride, benzyl_??_ alcohol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol and methyl palmitate. The major components of Umeboshi were benzyl alcohol and methyl palmitate.View full abstractDownload PDF (179K) -
Shigeyuki SAKAUE, Megumi KITAJIMA, Masao HORIBA, Seiya YAMAMOTO1981 Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages 1237-1239
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for determination of seven carbamates: 2-sec-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate (BPMC), 4-dimethylamino-3-methylphenyl N-methylcarbamate (aminocarb), 2-(1-methylethoxy)-phenyl N-methylcarboxylate (arprocarb), m-tolyl N-methylcarbamate (MTMC), 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate (carbaryl), 3, 4-xylyl N-methylcarbamate (MPMC) and 3, 5-xylyl N-methylcarbamate (XMC), in formulations. These carbamates were separated from one another and determined simultaneously within 22 minutes under the following chromatographic conditions: column, stainless steel (4mmφ×30cm) packed with μBondapak CN (10μm); mobile phase, hexane-ethyl acetate (25+1); flow rate, 1.0ml/min; detector, UV photometer at 254nm. The recoveries of carbamates from oil, EC, powder, dust and aerosol formulations were 97 to 101% with a 0.7% coefficient of variation.View full abstractDownload PDF (215K) -
Yoshio TOMINAGA1981 Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages 1241-1249
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
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Takeshi KITAHARA1981 Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages 1251-1259
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
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N. Y.1981 Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages 1285-1286
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (194K) -
[in Japanese]1981 Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages 1287-1289
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
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[in Japanese]1981 Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages 1290-1292
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: November 21, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1088K)
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