農業経済研究
Online ISSN : 2188-1057
Print ISSN : 0387-3234
ISSN-L : 0387-3234
78 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の4件中1~4を表示しています
論文
  • 河原 昌一郎
    2006 年 78 巻 1 号 p. 1-11
    発行日: 2006/06/25
    公開日: 2014/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    It is considered that pursuing other businesses than a credit business is an effective measure for Raiffeisen's type of credit corporations to develop as whole village unions.
    In the 1930s, Raiffeisen's type of credit corporations in both Japan and China were propelled by pursuing multi-business as a countermeasure to the serious rural depression.
    However, there was an essential difference between the way of pursuing multi-business in rural credit corporations in Japan and the one in China, that is to say, pursuing multi-business in Japan made use of management resources inside the corporation concerned, in which the economy of scope was expected. On the other hand, those in China depended on outside movement and not making use of inside manage-ment resources.
    Therefore, the pursuit of multi-business by rural credit corporations in China not only did not promote development of its credit business, which should be based on charter loans, but also had no effect on consolidating the management base of rural credit corporations.
    In addition, it could not break the character of class which rural credit corporations in those days had, and did not contribute enough to the collaboration of village activities.
    Pursuing multi-business by rural credit corporations in China in those days had the limitations mentioned above, and it was not linked to development of Raiffeisen's type of whole village unions.
  • 中山間地域における耕作放棄による外部不経済評価を通じて
    八木 洋憲
    2006 年 78 巻 1 号 p. 12-21
    発行日: 2006/06/25
    公開日: 2014/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this paper is to introduce a method for agricultural land use planning in marginal areas. Ever since farmland abandonment became a serious problem in marginal areas, several authors have pointed out the affects of negative externalities of farm abandonment on the adjacent farmland, such as increased insect damages, weed growth, maintenance costs of common facilities and so on. However, little has been shown about a method for detailed land use planning to take into account negative externalities estimated in monetary terms.
    It is generally difficult to handle a regional production structure directly with empirical model approaches such as regression models assigning land use data. On the other hand, normative models, for example linear programming models, have sometimes a problem of reliability since statistical tests are not applicable. One proposal for this problem is an empirical application of a linear programming model.
    We construct a linear programming model that can deal with unknown values of negative externalities caused by adjacent abandoned farmland. 198 plots of rice fields and 115 plots of waste farmland are chosen as a data set from the studied area. For the first step, the linear programming model is optimized in order to calibrate the unknown unit cost of externalities. Here, the observed land use pattern is taken as a hit ratio criterion. As a result, the unit cost of negative externalities caused by farm abandonment is calculated as about 6,300 yen/10a. The result is able to reproduce the observed land use pattern at a hit ratio of about 76%. As the next step, a linear programming model assigning the calculated unit costs is applied to the present land use pattern. Then, a preferable future land use plan is produced. The farmland plots in the suggested land use plan are not scattered spatially, to reflect the affect of externalities.
    This method assumed that the observed land use pattern are derived from the result of farmers' income maximization behavior. Accordingly, it cannot be applicable to farmlands on the urban fringe where land owners are likely to keep their lands for future development.
  • 小針 美和
    2006 年 78 巻 1 号 p. 22-33
    発行日: 2006/06/25
    公開日: 2014/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    Agricultural policy affects not only the agricultural sector but the whole economy or society. Many people have been saying that decision-making in agricultural policy in Japan is often politically motivated. But there are few studies that clarify the key political determinants in the policy-making process. The purpose of this paper is to show that there is a political factor in the decision-making process of the producer's rice price under the 1955 system by a quantitative approach.
    This analysis had four steps. The first step was to trace the change of the calculation method of the producer's rice price in detail. The second step was to develop a model which considered the political negotiations based on a theory of politics. The third step was to create two original indexes, of which one was the Gap Index of the Producer's Rice Price, which evaluated the impact of the political negotiations on the price level, and the other was the Rural Represen-tatives of the Government Party Index (RGI), which quantified political power. The final step was to conduct a multiple linear regression analysis using data from 1960 to 1993. In this study the RGI was used as one of variables in addition to the economic variables used in past studies.
    The results of regression analyses showed that the RGI significantly affected the policy-making process and therefore validated the original assumption that the political variable was an important factor in the policy-making process.
    This study attempted to quantify political power in the decision-making process, which was previously thought intangible. As a result of this study it should be possible to apply a similar analysis when we conduct research on other decision-making processes.
  • ブルキナ・ファソの農家家計データを用いた実証
    櫻井 武司
    2006 年 78 巻 1 号 p. 34-49
    発行日: 2006/08/25
    公開日: 2014/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper, taking covariate shocks induced by the civil war in Côte d'Ivoire in West Africa as an example, investigates their impact on soil degradation in rural Burkina Faso, a neighboring country. Burkina Faso is located in the semi-arid zone on the southern edge of the Sahara desert, and frequent drought due to erratic rainfall keeps its agricultural productivity low and unstable. As a result, its rural population relies on external migration as well as remittance from relatives living outside the country.
    The war has caused two significant shocks in rural Burkina Faso: an increase in household size due to returnees from Côte d'Ivoire and a decrease in remittance received from Côte d'Ivoire. Hence transitory poverty took place among farm households. Regression analyses show that both of the shocks have incurred the expansion of cropping area and that the in-crease in household size reduces the use of chemical as well as organic fertilizer per hectare. Moreover there is a significant reduction in livestock holdings due to distressed sales, and the reduction in livestock value also induces an increase in cropping area and a decrease in the use of organic fertilizer per hectare. In sum, the shocks incurred by the civil war in Côte d'Ivoire have induced soil-fertility-depriving agriculture in rural Burkina Faso as households' coping strategies. Agro-ecological zone-wise analyses indicate that such a tendency is significant in the southern Sudanian zone and the southern Guinean zone relative to the other two zones. The policy implication is that interventions should focus on such zones to prevent the covariate shocks from becoming the onset of soil degradation and desertification.
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