農業経済研究
Online ISSN : 2188-1057
Print ISSN : 0387-3234
ISSN-L : 0387-3234
78 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の3件中1~3を表示しています
論文
  • 役場職員にみる身体性確保と「物語り」共有の工夫
    長谷部 正
    2007 年 78 巻 4 号 p. 163-173
    発行日: 2007/03/25
    公開日: 2014/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    The aim of this paper is to discuss the interpretation on the creation of the street scenery in Kanayama Town in Yamagata Prefecture by using the concept of action intuition (koiteki chokkan) defined by a Japanese philosopher named Kitaro Nishida. Although action is the opposite of intuition, action intuition is a phrase combining the two. Because the activity of action and passivity of intuition reflect the subjectivity and objectivity of the body, one of the solutions is to solve this contradiction by the method of unifying subjectivity and objectivity of the body. Therefore, it is critical to check the actor's idea of the method to materialize a concept when the actor comes into action of creation of the street scenery. According to the study of Yaso Yuasa who modified Nishida's action intuition, the actor becomes more creative when he tries to achieve the beauty of the street scenery at a higher stage where he unifies the subjectivity and objectivity of the body. In the case of Kanayama Town, there was the problem to remake the street scenery because of new buildings which did not match the scenery of the town street. At first, officials of the planning-section were only ones who had eyes to see the scenery, because they did not have the skills to make any buildings along the street. On the other hand, officials of the construction-section saw the scenery objectively to construct buildings along the street. Officials of the planning-section could have a technician's body after they cooperated with officials of the construction-section in the town hall. As a result, the officials remade the scenery to achieve the beauty of the streets in the town. Moreover, making a narrative on the street scenery and making a norm for residents by telling it together are important when people remake the scenery by means of mutual agreement. After officials visited towns and villages in a mountain area in Germany with leaders of town residents, they added the new concept of creating a calm street scene into their narrative. It made it easier to remake the scenery by mutual agreement among residents in the town.
  • 陜西省・内モンゴル自治区の事例
    鬼木 俊次, 加賀爪 優, 余 勁, 根 鎖
    2007 年 78 巻 4 号 p. 174-180
    発行日: 2007/03/25
    公開日: 2014/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study explores impacts of the conservation set-aside program in China known as "Grain for Green" on the structure of agricultural production and the productivity of individual farms. Although this program is one of the largest soil conservation programs related to agriculture in developing countries, so far few studies have tried to make an economic evaluation of the impacts of the program, especially an econometric analysis.
    Surveys for 332 households were conducted in the southern part, the central part and the northern part on the Loess Plateau in Shanxi Province, and the southern part of the Mongolian Plateau in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Soil degradation is severe in these regions, especially in the central region of Shanxi.
    Estimation of changes in farm incomes after the program shows that many farm households have stabilized their incomes by shifting from grain production to livestock production and by shifting their surplus labor to off-farm employment. While grain production has decreased rapidly since the program implementation, the number of small animals and amount of feed production have increased.
    Changes in the technical efficiencies of individual farms are estimated by stochastic frontier production function models. The efficiencies are likely to decline especially in unfavorable areas in terms of natural conditions. The efficiencies tend to decline more for farms with a greater proportion of farmland reserve. Thus, the government should implement supplementary programs to encourage smooth transition after the program and maintain their productivity. This study confirms the importance of off-farm employment; however, the employment opportunity in urban areas is insecure. Public support to maintain the farm incomes is necessary especially for elderly households with little employment opportunity.
  • 主要乳製品生産国・地域を対象に
    空閑 信憲
    2007 年 78 巻 4 号 p. 181-189
    発行日: 2007/03/25
    公開日: 2014/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study examines how domestic price discrimination between fluid and manufacturing milk influences dairy trade. Two types of dairy models are used for the study. The first one is a stylized mathematical model which is used to explore the relative trade effects of domestic price discrimination accompanied with revenue pooling mechanism versus border measures in dairy product markets. The second one is a partial equilibrium, multiple-region model of dairy policy and trade which is used to see the empirical implication of domestic price discrimination for six major dairy producers (Australia, Canada, European Union, Japan, New Zealand and the United States).
    The analytical results identify the trading status as the key to determine the relative trade effects. While domestic price discrimination is always less trade distorting than border measures in a net importer case, the relative trade distortiveness depends on the export volume in a net exporter case. The theoretical possibility that domestic price discrimination is more trade distorting than border measures is found when the ratio of dairy export to domestic manufacturing milk consumption is very high. The results also indicate that while the both support measures increase dairy export, domestic price discrimination may place greater economic burden on fluid milk consumers and less economic burden on tax payers than border measures. In addition, the results imply that domestic price discrimination schemes can be effective trade protective measures for Canada, Japan and the United States, where the schemes are currently being implemented.
    Although domestic price discrimination could be consistent with the current WTO rules to support dairy farmers, it could be a trade distorting measure and act as a hidden export subsidy, as this study shows.
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