農業経済研究
Online ISSN : 2188-1057
Print ISSN : 0387-3234
ISSN-L : 0387-3234
80 巻, 2 号
大会特集号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
報告
  • 品目横断的経営安定対策を考慮して
    志賀 永一
    2008 年 80 巻 2 号 p. 55-66
    発行日: 2008/09/25
    公開日: 2014/07/31
    ジャーナル フリー
     The purpose of this paper is to examine a perspective of up-land and dairy farming in Hokkaido under economic globalization.
     The following points are examined.
     (1) The incentive of a scale expansion of up-land and dairy farming in Hokkaido, (2) the influence of Direct Payment for Land-extensive Farms, and (3) the countermeasures of Hokkaido agriculture under economic globalization.
     The scale expansion of up-land and dairy farming in Hokkaido was carried out, without reducing production efficiency. So, according to the scale expansion, the agricultural income increased and had reached a level exceeding household expenses. This increase in income was the incentive of the scale expansion.
     Direct Payment for Land-extensive Farms reduces agricultural incomes and confuses farmland mobilization. Moreover, an agricultural income does not necessarily increase even if carried out scale expansion is. Therefore, a scale expansion may create an incentive fall and the cost cut from expansion may be decreased.
     Agricultural products of Hokkaido cannot compete with imported agricultural products in price. Globalization with the present condition brings a remarkable reduction of the number of farmhouses, and the amount of agricultural products.
     Countermeasures to globalization, in relation to up-land and dairy farming in Hokkaido, are to make more efforts to improve the competitiveness of domestic products against imported goods, for example, the safety and the suitability for processing, while leading consumers to acknowledge these advantages. At the same time, it is also important to rotate crops strictly and reduce production costs.
  • 地域的多様性に注目して
    安藤 光義
    2008 年 80 巻 2 号 p. 67-77
    発行日: 2008/09/25
    公開日: 2014/07/31
    ジャーナル フリー
     The aim of this study is to examine the regional differences in the development of community farming systems reflecting their agricultural structures and the common development process of group farming based on community.
     Group farming based on community has been spontaneously established for maintaining agricultural settlement by means of preserving farmland in the region where there are few viable farmers. Even if the community-farming groups were to become corporations, they could not be called "farm management bodies" that secure extensive agricultural workers who can receive an income equivalent to the wages of the same workers in other industries. Group farming based on community is not suited to the region where there are not a few viable farmers. At first Agricultural Structure Policy supposed that Special Farming Corporations which were evolved from community farming systems would develop in regions such as hilly and mountainous depopulated areas or part-time farmers' dominant areas.
     On the other hand, community farming systems have also been established, the purpose of which was to accomplish Rice Production Adjustment through cultivating wheat and soybeans in paddy fields. The character of this group farming was different from that based on community. But the cultivation of wheat and soybeans in paddy fields has been concentrated in both types of group farming and the restructuring of paddy field farming has been achieved as a whole in Japan.
     The Farm Management Stability Policy (2007) has changed the state in the region where family farming is still viable. Group farming based on community has been rapidly and reluctantly established to receive subsidies from the government and to maintain Rice Production Adjustment. Because the size of the group farming is generally large in such a region, its farming efficiency is usually higher than in less favoured areas. The hastily prepared community farming system has no substance for the time being; it does have the possibility to grow into a viable farm management body. Spontaneously established group farming based on community has confronted the difficulty of balancing the budget because of its small scale of farming.
     The development direction of group farming has two pillars; one is diversified business operations to make profits and the other is merger or combination of group farming to reduce the cost of production. The former will also be able to cause revitalization and create employment for elderly people and women in the community. Group farming has been supported by the community and the two cannot be separated from each other. The community-farming system has two inseparable sides; one is economic activities to earn income and the other is revitalization movements to enhance community. Both are closely connected with each other.
  • 九州における肉用牛生産に焦点をあてて
    福田 晋
    2008 年 80 巻 2 号 p. 78-87
    発行日: 2008/09/25
    公開日: 2014/07/31
    ジャーナル フリー
     This paper focuses on the influence of economic globalization for the beef cattle breeding sector.
     In the short term, import liberalization of beef brought the fall of calf prices and the gap between kinds of beef cattle. As for the head of breeding cows, the downward tendency has continued in the long run.
     As a result, the problem of using retreated local resources, such as desolation of the grassland as commons in Aso and Kujuu and desolation of the orchard after import liberalization of oranges, has occurred.
     On the other hand, in 2000 and afterwards, the demand to domestic feed production using various local resources has become strong according to global factors, such as the increase of domestic supply of rice straw because of the generation of foot-and-mouth disease, a rise in the concern about the feed problem because of BSE, and rising assorted feed prices based on the rise in corn prices.
     However, the beef cattle breeding farmer with needs does not necessarily own these local resources, such as unused paddy fields, grassland and eco-feed resources. So it is important how the system which connects the owner and use of resources is built. It is important to consider these conditions:
     (1) To build a system which nurtures the various managers for beef cattle breeding sector development, and supports them.
     (2) To circulate local resources across a narrow area so that they can be used by the area and management in which needs occur.
     (3) To be effective in using local resources, to build up a unique agricultural policy based on the conditions of the area by local government.
  • 宮崎 猛
    2008 年 80 巻 2 号 p. 88-96
    発行日: 2008/09/25
    公開日: 2014/07/31
    ジャーナル フリー
     This paper aims at forecasting the future of regional agriculture in urban areas of Japan from the present advanced movements of them.
     Based on case stadies for advanced movements of regional agriculture in urban areas, three points are important to establish new social evaluation standards for regional resources' use and relationship marketing, as follows.
     1. Farmers under practice in sustainable agriculture are rapidly increased. Mainly they record farming practices and open this information to the public. A part of them use organic or various eco-labels for agricultural marketing. Therefore, they regard social evaluation for their products and regional agriculture as important.
     2. Many farmers' groups are promoting multifunctionality of regional agriculture which provides beautiful landscape, natural habitats, and recreational experiences in rural areas. These regional resources attract urban residents (consumers). To manage them suitably and use them for relationship marketing, farmers' groups establish new social evaluation standards for rural resources' use to promote multifunctionality that work in the interest of the public.
     3. Many urban residents are participating in various interactions between urban and rural communities. Urban residents experience a part of agriculture and rural life with rural residents as instructors in these interactions. Consequently, urban residents (consumers) understand the social evaluation standards of rural residents (farmers), and come to buy branded agricultural products from them.
     Farmers' groups which practice sustainable agriculture, promote multifunctionality, and participate in interactions between urban and rural communities jointly, tend to establish new social evaluation standards for regional resources' use from promotion of strategic multifunctional activity, and get consumers to recognize the new standard. In this case, the new standard gives consumers a good image of their agricultural products and regional agriculture. Their agricultural products can get premium price through direct relationship marketing.
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