Recently, arthroscopic operation for shoulder disease has shown excellent outcomes. In traditional shoulder surgery, with a wide incision, postoperative contracture is a serious concern for both patients and surgeons. Arthroscopic operation makes it possible for patients to return to their pre-injury daily activity level with minimal adverse functional effects to the surrounding shoulder joint. This is of particular importance especially for athletes. In general, traumatic shoulder dislocation and torn rotator cuff are treated with arthroscopic operation. The avulsion of the antero-inferior portion of the glenoid rim causes recurrent anterior instability of the shoulder, and surgeons should restore it to the anatomical position to prevent shoulder dislocation. Torn rotator cuff is the most common source of shoulder pain. Once, the rotator cuff is torn, in addåtion to shoulder pain, the decrease of range of motion causes distress to the patients. Therefore, suturing of the rotator cuff is performed. Using arthroscopy, surgeons can treat these traumas with minimal side effects. To perform arthroscopy for shoulder disease, well-established anatomical knowledge and technical training are necessary for surgeons. Although the long-term results of arthroscopic operation have not been investigated, the short-term results of arthroscopic repair in shoulder dislocation and torn rotator cuff have been satisfactory. This is because the reported benefits included less postoperative pain, decreased risk of deltoid dehiscence, and possible accelerated recovery and rehabilitation. Arthroscopic repair may arguably not be the most appropriate procedure for a younger person with a massive tear in whom long-term strength is more important, and a strong argument can be made for minimal-incision or open repair in this particular population. Future studies on arthroscopic repair methods and basic-science studies to improve the biological healing of the shoulder joint are needed before further recommendations can be made.
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