The auther has made the investigation of the digital formula about 1308 cases of the Japanese fetus, of which 350 are males and 304 are females, from the 4th months to the end of gestation, and the results are as follows;
1. The type which the index finger reaches father distally than the ring finger is radial types, the ulnar type is that the ring finger is longer than the index finger and in the O-type both these finger are equally. The frequencies of each types are as follows; U-type,_??_ 48.71%,_??_ 43.58%, the R-type,_??_ 35.28% _??_ 39.14%, and the O-type _??_ 16.0%,_??_ 17.27%.
The order of frequency of three types in both sexes is U> R> O. And we notice the tendency that the frequency of the U-type in males is more than in females and the R-type in females is more than in males.
2. Observations on the frequency of the three types in both sexes and both hands are as follows; The U-type is in 48.71 % in males (47.43% in the right and 50% in the left) and in 43% in fem ales (44.08% in the right and 43.09% in the left). The R-type is in 35.28% in males (35.71% in the right and 34.86% in the left) and in 39.14% in females (39.08% in the right and 38.49% in the left). The O-type is in 16.0% in males (16.86% in the right and 15.14% in the left) and 17.27% in females (16.12% in the right and 18.42% in t he left).
These results show that there is no clear difference between the right and left.
3. In these types, the U-type is about only 5% in the second half of the 4th month during the intra-uterine life, it increases the frequency in propotion to gestation months and it is in above 80% at the end of the gestation, and the R-type and the O-type are both in about 50% in the first half of gestation, but they decreases the frequencies in reversly propotional to the gestation month and the frequencies become both below 20% in the end of gestation. But the O-type decreases the frequency more rapidly than the R-type.
The frequency-curve of the U-type is crossed as X to that of the O-type at the second half of the 5th month and to that of the R-ty pe at the first of the 7th month and differences of frequencies among three type grow larger with gestation month and we cannot admit that there are no differences between males and females on these relation.
We see that there are clear differences between my results and Schulz's.
4. The frequency of the homo-type is in 84.86% in males and 89.80% in females and among these homo-types U-U-type is in 44.86% in males and 40.13% in females, R-R-type is in 29.71% in males and 35.85% in females and O-O-type is in 10.28% in males 148 K. Minami and 13.81 % in females.
The order of frequency in the type combination of both sides in both sexes is U-U > R-R > O-O. The frequency of U-U-types in males is higher than that in females, and the frequency of R-R-types in females is higher than that in males.
The frequency of those hetero- types is very low. All hetero-types combinations appear at very low percentage and the most frequent type (the R in the right and the 0 in the left) among those types is only in 4.28% and the frequency is not definite in both sexes.

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(1) In this paper the origin of the so-called primordial germ cell and the histogenesis of the gonad in chick embryo are described with special reference to the differentiation of erythrocytes.
(2) Erythrocytes in the gonad of chick embryos show transitional phases into several kinds of formed elements of the gonad such as small lymphoid cell, " fat-laden cell ", fibroblast or connective tissue cell, eosinophilic granulocyte and mesenchymal cell-B, according to, (a)the cellular environment, where the erythrocytes are localized or remain stagnant, and (b) with the lapse of time.
(3) The differential potencies of erythro c yte were recognized by means of the following experiments, viz. (i) blood cell culture, (ii)gonad implantation and (iii) wound inducing experiment with testis.
(4) Gonad primordium in early embryonal stage is in dire c t contact with erythrocytes contained in the subcardinal vein and revehent vein, and some of these erythrocytes adhere to the gonad and show transitional phases into gonadal elements.
(5) So-called primordial germ cells with very low value of mitotic index show no reliable evidence of genetic continuity with oögonia or spermatogonia; on the contrary, they arise, most probably, from the incorporation (fusion) with many of the mesenchymal elements of the germinal epithelium in situ, and further the germinal epithelial cells show transitions from the erythrocytes.
(6) There are three d i fferent modes, from which the sex-cord may be formed. The first is from the germinal epithelium which is a derivative from the blood layer (since 8-9 day of incubation). In this case there can be found no evidence of local intensive proliferation of the epithelial elements, on the contrary, migration and differentiation of erythrocytes can be clearly demonstrable. The second mode is formation from the condensation and differentiation of erythrocytes migrated into the interstices of the gonad. The third mode is the transformation and rearrangement of mesonephric elements.
(7) Asymmetrical development of the embryonic g o nad in the female chick is due to the lack of first and second modes of sex-cord formation of the right ovary. The right ovary, consequently retregresses by the hatching time according to the degeneration of the right mesonephros.
(8) There is no evidence that the otigonia composed of ovigerous 180 K. Chishima layer of the left ovary are produced by mitotic proliferation of their own kind. Their characteristic nuclear features, resembling the prophase of mitosis, are not true mitotic figures.
(9) So-called "cluster of fat-laden cells " show transitional phases from cluster of erythrocytes that have migrated into the inter stices of the medullar region.
(10) Distend e d medullary cords are derived from the degeneration of the medullary cords and of the " cluster of fat-laden cells ".
(11) Rete cords are transitional portions of the mes o nephric tissues into the gonad.

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1. The alkaline phosphatase activity on liver of an osseous fish (Oryzias latipes) was observed after ten, twenty and thirty days starvation.
2. In the case of ten days starvation the alkaline phosphatase activity increases on every parts of liver slightly and thereafter decreases gradually.
3. The increase or the decrease of the alkaline phosphatase activity is prominent on blood vessel wall and nucleolus, and only slight on cytoplasm.
This study was carried out with the aid of The Subsidy Fund for Science Promotion from Keio-Gijuku given to Astist. Prof. M. Ihnuma.

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There is no doubt that fixatives are necessary for histo- and cytological study, and fixation by methanol is most generally applied to the hematological routine work using blood smears. However, it should be noted that this methanol inhibited the peroxidase staining of leukocytes more intensely as compared with other fixatives examined. The peroxidase staining of leukocytes ended in failure by fixation with methanol for only three minutes. Strictly speaking, the fixatives inhibited the peroxidase reaction of leukocytes in various degrees, but of these, ethanol exerted the slightest inhibiting influence upon the reaction, and formalin as well as acetone were useful when the staining time of peroxidase reaction was adequately prolonged.

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Forty-seven. persons were examined here, who showed eosinophil leukocytes- in saliva. The nucleus of eosinophil leukocyte. hd generally two symmetrical lobes both in blood and saliva. However, the nuclei of saliva-eosinophils differed from those of blood-eosinophils in the foll9wing points: Ring nucleus occurred only in blood eosinophils, a nd the nuclei of saliva-eosinophils tended to decrease their lobes (so-called degenerative, s hift to the left) and to lose their filaments, furt hermore to take an eccentric position in the cytoplasm. These various inevitable changes. in saliva were probably caused not only by the special cornponnts -of-s aliva', but also by- the thicker smear technique than blood preparation. The results of experiments in test-tube showed much the same changes- as above too.

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