Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica
Online ISSN : 1881-1736
Print ISSN : 0030-154X
ISSN-L : 0030-154X
Volume 24, Issue 5-6
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • Takashi Ito
    1952 Volume 24 Issue 5-6 Pages 269-289_2
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. The adrenal cortex of the guinea pig is divided into three zones on the basis of structural differences; namely, glomerulosa, fasciculata and reticularis.
    2. The glomerulosa develops from the narrow outer zone which is first distinguishable in the 3 cm embryo, and attains an almost definite structure in the 8.5 cm stage of embryonal life.
    3. The glomerulosa shows little essential changes w ith sex and age.
    4. The glomerulosa consists of cells arranged in irregularly shaped masses, which are enclosed in a delicate connective tissues and surrounded by many capillaries. The glomerulosa cells have a relatively large amount of cytoplasm, which contains extremely fine lipoid granules. Their nuclei present a characteristic feature of special interest, that is, nuclear deformation.
    5. The histological pictures of the glomerulosa highly suggest that the cells of this zone have reached a high degree of differentiation, and therefore lend indirect support to the recent view that this zone actually has the secretory function.
    6. The fasciculata develops from the broad inner zone that occupies a great portion of the cortex in the 3 cm embryo. This zone reaches an almost definite condition in cell character at the end of embryonal life, but its radially directed cords develop gradually after 3 to 5 days of age.
    7. In the adult, the width of the fasciculata seems to be different in the two sexes, but the difference is not so definitive as in the reticularis.
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  • III On Polysaccharide
    Tomi Tsukuda
    1952 Volume 24 Issue 5-6 Pages 291-293_1
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. The changes of polysaccharide of liver cells of Oryzias latipes during starvain was observed on the tenth, the twentieth and the thirtieth day by periodic acid-Schiff's reagent method.
    2. Glycogen occupies the greater part of polysaccharide, part of which is distribute diffusely within cytoplasm, and another part of which exists in the form of a network. Nuclei lack glycogen.
    3. Polysaccharide decreases on the tenth day of starvation, and becomes progressively less on the twentieth and the thirtieth days in proportion to the progress of starvation.
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  • Korin Minami
    1952 Volume 24 Issue 5-6 Pages 295-305
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The author has made the investigation of the relative length between the first and the second toe in 1308 cases of the Japanese fetuses, of which 700 are males and 608 are females, from the 4th month to the end of gestation.
    In cases where the first is longer than the second toe, thefoot in question is of tibial type (T-type); in fibular type (F-type) the second toe is longer than the first toe, in the transitional type both toes are equally prominent (O-type).
    1. Disregarding the gestation month, the order of frequencies of three types is F-> T-> O-type and ratio is 4: 2: 1. In this instance, there is no difference in sexes, and sides.
    2. The frequency of the homo- type in the type combination of both sides is about 90% and the hetero-type is very low. Among the ho\mo-types, the F-F-type is (about 50%) first, the T-T-type is second, and the O-O-type is the third, (Table 5) but, among hetero-types, there are no clear difierencies in the frequency. And also, we can't find that there is the difference between both sexes.
    3. When we investigate the freq u ency of each types in dividing materials into every 2 weeks of gestation, we find that the frequencies of the F-type and the O-type are inversely proportional to gestation month and the T-type increases in proportion to gestation month. The frequency-curves of the O- and the T-type are crossed at the first half of the 6th month and both curves of the F- and the T-type are crossed at the first half of the 9th month.
    The order of frequency prior to th e 6th month is F-> O-> T-type; that of the period between the 6th and 9th month is F-> T-> 0-type; and that after the 9 th month is T->; F-> O-type.
    4. It is interesting that there is racial difference among the white, the negro and the Japanese in the frequence of each types and change of the frequency with the progress of gestation month when we compare my data with that of A. H. Schultz.
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  • Masaji Seki.
    1952 Volume 24 Issue 5-6 Pages 307-312
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • The Change of External Form of the Liver in the Latter Half of the Embryonal Period.
    Tetsuro Takahashi
    1952 Volume 24 Issue 5-6 Pages 313-326
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Mamoru Sasaki
    1952 Volume 24 Issue 5-6 Pages 327-346
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The predominating cells composing salivary corpuscles are neutrophil leukocytes. This study was undertaken in order to ascertain the origin of these salivary corpuscles both in man and animal. The material was derived from 347 persons including several edentulous patients, and several rabbits and guinea pigs. Saliva smears and frozen sections of the oral mucosa were stained with Wright's stain or with the recently devised NA.S-benzidine peroxidase..stain.
    This work experimentally confirmed that 1) adrenalin applied to the mucosa does not exert a specific influence upon the appearance of the salivary corpuscles, 2) a slight degree of passive movement of thesalivary corpuscles may occur in the oral cavity, 3) leukocytes may still remain on the mucosa after cleansing and gargling although in small numbers. The vacuoles of salivary corpuscles appear first in the endoplasmatic zone and subsequently within the nucleus and the ectoplasmatic zone. Frozen tissue sections and numerous saliva smears stained with the peroxidase stain, clearly indicated that the salivary corpuscles can be derived from almost all regions of the oral mucosa, however, the greatest sites of origin of the salivary corpuscles are the palatine tonsils (especially the upper pole) and the gingiva, in otherwords, the tonsillar crypt as the lining mucosa and the gingival sulcus or pocket as the masticatory mucosa. Pseudoeosinophils corresponding to the human neutrophils were also demonstrated from the gingival margin both in rabbit and guinea pig. Although this work is by no means final, and further careful studies are desirable, it is my conclu-sion that the following conditions are probably the most significant for the development of salivary corpuscles:
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  • The 11th Report of Histochemical Study of Peroxidase
    Koichi Tsukamoto
    1952 Volume 24 Issue 5-6 Pages 347-369
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The materials used in the experiments were the blood cells of healthy persons, animals (rabbits and guinea pigs) and human corpses, and the NAS-Benzidine (NAS-B) solution was chiefly adopted for the peroxidase stain due to its simplicity and sensitivity. The latter solution, however, does not differ essentially from the acid peroxidase stains heretofore proposed. This experimental study dealt with various inhibitors of the peroxidase reaction, postmortem changes of the blood cells, obtaining the following results:
    1) The light rays exert inhibitin g influences upon the peroxidase reaction of the leukocytes in the following order: Ultraviolet, visible and infra-red rays. Therefore it can be said that the longer the wave length, the weaker becomes the inhibiting influence. However, this inhibiting influence is by no means found in the erythrocytes.
    2) Methanol exerts a stronger inhibiting infl u ence upon the peroxidase reaction of the leukocytes than ethanol, however, the reaction of the erythrocytes is by no means inhibited by these alcohol, but rather is activated.
    3) Excessive hydrogen peroxide solution contained in the peroxidase stain inhibits the peroxidase reaction of the leukocytes, but not that of the erythrocytes.
    4) The erythrocytes are peroxidase negative under neutral or alkaline condition, while the myeloid leukocytes are positive under both acid and alkaline conditions.
    5) The peroxidase reaction positive granules in the leukocytes show various colorsyellow, brown, green, blue, purple, black and other transitional colors. This is, I infer, due to the changes of the benzidine derivatives19,43 caused by various factors such as heating, fixation and pH etc.
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  • Masatoki Shobusawa
    1952 Volume 24 Issue 5-6 Pages 371-392_4
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • The 12th Report of Histochemical Study of Peroxidase
    Fusao Morita
    1952 Volume 24 Issue 5-6 Pages 393-417
    Published: 1952
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1. Six hundred and sixty human subjects as well as eleven animals were tested for the histological study of the wandering leukocytes on the various mucosae. The smear preparations of the secretions from the mucosae were stained with the Wright's or May-Giemsa's stain, and the NAS-B solution (peroxidase stain) was especially used for the differential staining.
    2. The present study considered the wandering leukocytes on the conjunctiva, nasal, oral and vaginal mucosae in healthy human subjects, on the other hand, considered those on the conjunctiva, nasal, oral, esophageal, stomachal, intestinal and tracheal mucosae in animals. In summarizing all these results, the wandering leukocytes generally occurred on the mucosae in the following order: the neutrophils (or the pseudoeosinophils), the lymphocytes, the monocytes, the eosinophils and the basophils.
    3. The eosinophils were found on the conjunctiva, nasal, 'Oral and vaginal mucosae in human subjects, on the other hand, on the conjunctiva, nasal, oral, stomachal and intestinal mucosae in some mammals. Such cases, however, were not always accompanied with the eosinophilia in the circulating blood.
    4. The basophils appeared on the oral mucosa in man, and on the conjunctiva in rabbit. Such cases, however, were not always accompanied with the basophilia in the circulating blood.
    5. Some of the wandering leukocytes on the various mucosae were as fresh as in the circulating blood, while some of them were degenerating due to the inhibiting influence of the secretions.
    6. Removal of the leukocytes from the body t h rough the eight ways was learned, and the origin as well as the essential nature of the wandering leukocytes were discussed.
    The author wishes to express his gratitudes to Professor Mitsui for his kind advice during this work.
    This study was carried out with the grant in aid for fundamental scientific research.
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