Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

The statistical survey on the development and pattern of abrasion in the crown, was done by using a number of skulls and sets of extracted teeth. Besides the detailed description of the abrasion phenomena, the characteristic of abrasion to each kind of the teeth, to upper and lower jaw, to dentitions of malocclusion and so forth were emphasized.
The exact knowledge about abrasion will help a great deal in dental morphology, anthropology, orthodontics, etc. However, to obtain this exact knowledge, further studies are needed on the relationships between age and wear, abrasion pattern in pathological dentitions, and comparison in various races.

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The present report concerns the cytological details of the mito- chondria of the“chiai”muscle fiber of the mature teleosts in com- parison with those of the lateral muscle fiber, and elucidates the following:
1. The mitochondria of the“chiai”muscle fiber appear incomparably abundant and vary in form as filaments, rods, short rods and granules. This is especially marked in the sarcoplasmic mantle, and they are very small in amount in the intercolumnar sarcoplasm. The amount of mitochondria is somewhat variable and dependent upon that of sarcoplasm even in the same species, and varies according to the fish species as well. The mitochondria are found very abundant in some species (Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio and Oncorhynchus masou) which have sarcoplasm-rich fibers. Furthermore, the amount depends to some degree upon the type of“chiai”muscle fibers; the serpentine type contains much and the reticular, garland-like and annular types relatively little.
2. Besides the mitochondria, there are found other granules of special type in the“chiai”muscle fiber, which appear in general bilaterally in contact with both margins of the muscle column at the level of the anisotropic bands. Their situation restricted to the muscle column leads to the designation of“columnosomes.”The columno- somes are considered as being included in a category of the mitochondria, and can only be destinguished from the latter by differences in their position, shape and staining manner. The occurrence of the columnosomes is especially marked in some species (Carassius auratus, Oncorhynchus masou and cyprinus carpio).
3. The“chiai ”muscle fibers are histologically included in a category of the red muscle fibers. Because of incomparably abundant accumulation of the mitochondria and regular presence of the columnosomes in the fiber, the“chiai”muscle seems to contain high energy which serves for durable action such as tension of both lateral sides of the fish body and for contractile action as body movement in swimming. To support this last point, recent enzymological results related are discussed in this report.
This research was conducted under the direction of Prof. Dr. Chikataro Togari. I wish to express my thanks to him for constant guidance in the course of the work. I am also indebt to Assistant Prof. Dr. K. Yagi, Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Medical School. This research was supported by a grant from the Department of Education.

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