Though description has been made on the phagocytosis and the fate after pigment accumulation of histiocytes in the first (I. Influence of adminstration of polyvinyl pyrolidon) and second (II. Influence of administration of cell activating agent) reports, the change of the picture of each individual accumulated granule and its state in the digesting vacuole have not been clarified yet. In the present study, detailed observations have been made with the electron microscope to allow a general consideration.
The phagocytosis of histiocytes has been studied by various workers. However, no one has ever imagined that the pigment granules, which have once accumulated in the cytoplasm of a histiocyte, would be excreted into the outside of the cell. In reality, in the present study, no finding which supports the extracellular excretion has been obtained in the normal animal. When pigment absorptive and cell activating agents had been administered to animals, however, the mode of their accumulation in histiocytes was quite different. It was found that, in such cases, the pigment accumulated in the cell, could be partially excreted extracellularly by protrusion and isolation from the cell by the help of the unstainable giant vacuoles which appeared in the cell. Here, the state in the digesting vacuole will be described in detail, attention being centered on the appearance of unstainable giant vacuoles.
As was stated in the first and second reports, the sepia accumulated in the cytoplasm is swollen when either P. V. P., B. A. L. or sodium thiosulfate has been injected. Here a question arises: is each individual sepia granule really swollen? It is equally probable that each accumulated granule appears to have been swollen accompanying the dilatation of digesting vacuoles. This state is not clear with the light microscope. However, it can be clearly observed with the electron microscope. The size of each sepia granule was almost similar and no marked difference was found between the normal findings and those obtained when either P. V. P, B. A. L. or sodium thiosulfate was administered.
Next the state of the E. R. and digesting vacuole in the cell was compared. When P. V. P is injected, the cytoplasm is extremely swollen, the digesting vacuoles in the cytoplasm are connected with the adjacent digesting vacuoles, and at last, large unstainable giant vacuoles are produced. When B. A. L. is injected, the cell is activated from the early stage, E. R. is rapidly dilated, and at the same time the digesting vacuole is markedly dilated. After sodium thiosulfate, the digesting vacuole and E. R. are similarly dilated, though the appearance of vacuoles is considerably delayed. This time the dilatation of E. R. is quite characteristic and the state of the dilatation is clearly presented in the photographs. It is supposed that this dilatation of E. R. is prerequisite for the appearance of the unstainable giant vacuole and that it plays an important part in excreting the intracellulary accumulated granules.
Next the time course of the dilatation of E. R. was observed. As time elapses, from the 24th to the 48th hour, E. R. and digesting vacuoles are dilated and large vacuoles are formed after 72 hours. This large vacuole has been referred to as unstainable giant vacuole, because its shape and significance are different from those of the usual giant vacuole. In most instances, sepia is not accumulated in the inner wall of this unstainable giant vacuole and, if it is, the accumulation is slight. The characteristic finding of the inner wall of the vacuole is the trace of accumulated sepia which is clearly proved. Many free granules become observable in the state of E. R. and digesting vacuole is quite different from that of the accumulation. The number of these unstainable giant vacuoles is decreased after 120 hours. This closely coincides with the unstainable giant vacuole of the cell described by Seki and others.

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I have inspected the courses of the arteries in 100 hands of Macacus cyclopsis (male 59, female 41) and obtained the following results.
1) With regard to the distribution of the A. radialis on the back of hand, it divides very frequently into two branches; one, the radial branch, goes to the first intermetacarpal space while the other, the ulnar branch, goes to the second intermetacarpal space. Furthermore, the main trunk of the artery almost always reaches the second intermetacarpal space.
2) The ramus carpeus dorsalis a. radialis divides from the main trunk of the A. radialis and goes to the second intermetacarpal space by a different course from that of the rete carpi dorsale or the main trunk.
3) The A. metacarpea dorsalis I is a continuation of the A. radialis. It separates into two branches; one of which becomes the A. dorsalis pollicis ulnaris and the other becomes the A. dorsalis indicis radialis.
The A. metacarpea dorsalis II is a continuation of the ulnar branch of the A. radialis but the A. metacarpea dorsalis III and IV arises from the rete carpi dorsale, the ramus carpeus dorsales or the arcus volaris profundus. However, there is a greater tendency of palmar origin in the A. metacarpea dorsalis IV than in the A. metacarpea dorsalis III.
4) The rete carpi dorsale is formed by the ramus carpeus dorsalis of the A. radialis and ulnaris, the A. interossea posterior and the ramus dorsalis of the A. interossea anterior. It divides into a deep and superficial layer.
5) The so-called catella dorsalis proximalis which connect the various A. metacarpea dorsalis is found in all cases, but a considerable number of cases demonstrate an incomplete arch formation.
6) The ramus palmaris superficialis a. radialis separates from the A. radialis at the middle of the forearm and descends side by side with the A. radialis to the -Proc. styloideus of the radius where it changes its direction and penetrates the M. adbuctor pollicis brevis to the palm.
Comparison of the size of the ramus palmaris superficialis a. radialis with the A. radialis and the A. ulnaris revealed the ramus palmaris superficialis.. a. radialis to be the largest artery in the palm.
7) The arcus palmaris superficialis is formed by the A. ulnaris and the ramus palmaris superficialis a. radialis. In the majority of cases, the latter is dominant.
8) The Aa. digitales palmares consists of the A. digitalis palmaris communis IIV and the A. marginalis volaris ulnaris, the origin is from the superficial arteries of the palm.
9) The ramus palmaris profundus a. ulnaris is extremely small and no vessel corresponding to the ramus palmaris profundus inferior of man is found.
The ramus palmaris profundus a. ulnaris froms the arcus palmaris profundus but this arch is most frequently located dorsally to the ramusprofundus n. ulnaris.
10) The A. digitalis palmaris propria of the various fingers are well developed on the ulnar side of the thumb, index finger and middle finger, and on the radial side of the ring and small fingers. They form the main artery of each fingers. Usually, a branch crosses to the opposite side from these main arteries which divide into two branches that run up and down, respectively, on the opposite edge of the finger.

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A) Lillie(1952) reported that the saliva-insoluble PAS positive substance in the outer segments of the retinal rods would be a -glycolipo-protein complex. When fixed with Zenker-formol, the substance is negative or slightly positive to the PAS reaction. Whereas, after acid hydrolysis PAS staining calls forth strongly positive reaction of the outer segments, showing the strongest coloration of the fixatives which the author used (Figs.1 and 2). This phenomenon was analyzed, using the toad's retina as material.
1) Such a phenomenon has been observed only in the fixatives which contained mercuric chloride.
2) In addition to thepositve PAS reaction, positive lead tetraacetate Schiff reaction, blocking andunblocking of these reactions by acetylation and deacetylation respectivelyafter acid hydrolysis, as well asnoinhibition of the reactions by deamination, indicate that thesubstance contains 1-2 glycol linkages.
3) The lead tetra-acetate reaction of the substance in question after hydrolysis is inhibited by incubation in saturated mercuric chloride solution only in the sections fixed with Zenker-formol. Such was not the case with the Regaud's fixative. Chemical pure glycolipid, smeared on the slide glass, behaves in a similar manner to the fixed retinal substance. These experiments suggest possible physicochemical interaction ofHgCl2 with glycolipid.
B) The development of visual cells is described from the standpoint of the histochemical behavior of glycolipid and glycogen during differentiation.
1) The visual cells in tadpole stage are the early forms of rods, although all of them possessed conical outer segments, while the cones themselves may be differentiated during metamorphosis. Such a conclusion, being different from those of the hitherto known investigations, does not correspond to G. Wald's chemical findings asfollowing: the porphyrosin-vitamin A2 system of visual organ of anuran tadpole transfers completely to rhodopsin-vitaminA1 system during metamorphosis (Wald,1946,1952).
2) The outer segments of both rods and cones in their early developments are stained with the Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin but not stained with PAS reaction. By such stainability of visual cells, especially of cones during metamorphosis, it is confirmed that the visual cells in tadpole stage are rods.
3) Glycogen appears in nuclei, ellipsoids and foot regions of developing rods and disappears in the commencement of metamorphosis. These appearances of glycogen coincide with the stage of differentia- tion of rods, especially of their outer segments. The author considers that glycogen participates as an intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of lipid in development of the outer segments of rods.

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1. In a series of young adult albino rats weighing around 200 g, variations in mitochondrial number in blood lymphocytes were observed in relation to the processes of regeneration of the lymphatic tissue, the Flemming's secondary nodules in particular, after total body X-irradiation in a dose of 600 r.
2. Immediately after irradiation, there occurred a sharp drop of both the lymphocyte count and the average number of mitochondria per lymphocyte in the blood. The mesenteric lymph nodes and splenic white pulp were severely depleted of lymphocytes through a massive destruction of these cells. The Flemming's secondary nodules had disappeared within several days.
3. During the regenerative processes of the lymphatic tissue, an extensive new formation of Fl emmin g's secondary nodules in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen was observed almost coincident with a remarkable transient elevation of the average number of mitochondria in blood lymphocytes, during the period between the 14th and 22nd days after irradiation.
4. These findings provide a strong evidence to support the view that a marked rise in mitochondrial number of blood lymphocytes takes place as a consequence of extensive new formation of Flemming's secondary nodules in the lymphoid organs, which, in turn, indicates an increase in production and delivery of lymphocytes from these organs to the blood.

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Tween 40 (3-5% in Ringer), when applied to single myelinated nerve fibres, produced myelin-melting and mild structural changes in the Schmidt-Lantermann's incisure.

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