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Volume 38 (1962)
- Issue 6 Pages 425-
- Issue 5 Pages 309-
- Issue 3-4 Pages 149-
- Issue 2 Pages 51-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Predecessor
Volume 38, Issue 5
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Hiroshi Hoshi1962 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 309-313
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author studied the sex differences in the shape of the mastoid process in norma occipitalis, which was first noticed by Suzuki but defined by the present author. This difference involve s the direction of the apex of the process as well as the profile line of the skull from the temporal part to the top of the process.
1. Examinations of 62 male and 41 female Japanese skulls revealed that 69.4% of the male skulls had M (male)-type process and 46.3%of the female had F (female)-type one. Among skulls with M-type process,71.4% were male, whereas among skulls with F-type process,93.6% were female. Therefore one may assign the skull with Ftype process to the female sex with high probability, and the skull with M-type process to the male sex with slightly lower probability.
2. Broca's and Martin's methods were tested on the same materials and it was found that the latter might be useful but only supplement; the former had to be rejected.
3. It was concluded that among three methods under consideration, the modified Suzukis method was most useful for sex determination of the human skull.View full abstractDownload PDF (622K) -
Hiroshi Hosokawa1962 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 315-329
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe so-called glial fibers, of which the nature is still not well known, are discussed in relation. to the morphology of astrocytes. The astrocytes can be arranged in a transitional series bridging the typical protoplasmic one on one side and typical fibrous one on the other (Fig.1). Thus the form or type of each astrocyte is determined by the grade of “fibrization” or “the tendency to become fibrous” of the glial processes, although it is unknown what kind of factors are concerned with this phenomenon.
The histological arrangements of glial fibers especially in relation to nerve elements are also examined, and it was revealed that the former do not show particular one-to-one relationship to the latter.View full abstractDownload PDF (3441K) -
Tetsuya Nakamura1962 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 331-353
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSForty human gallbladders obtained at cholecystectomy have been examined for the intramural innervation with the silver impregnation method.
Nerves which innervate the wall of the gallbladder have been divided into the following five strata;
(1) The main plexus (Haupt- oder G r und-Geflecht nach Dogiel)in the adventitia. This plexus seems to include no ganglion cell.
(2)T he submuscular plexus in the adventitia. In this plexus are located ganglia which consist of 4 to 10 or more ganglion cells. A small number of isolated ganglion cells are al o found to be present.
(3) The intramuscular plexus in the musculature. Fewer and smaller ganglia containing usually 2 to 5 ganglion cells a nd more isolated ones are characteristics of this plexus.
(4) The epimuscular plexus in the lamina p ropria. Ganglia found in this plexus are smaller than ones in the for e going two and usually comprise 2 to 3 ganglion cells.
(5) The terminal networks in the lamina pro p ria, which include isolated ganglion cells. Majority of ganglion cells found in the lamina propria are isolated ones.
Characteristics of each nerve stratum relative to structure and composition have been also presented as well as ganglion cells contained.View full abstractDownload PDF (3915K) -
Demonstration of Acid Phosphatase Activity in the Normal Rat Jejunum by Means of Electron MicroscopyKazuo Ogawa, Yasuyuki Shinonaga, Yasuko Saito1962 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 355-385
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing normal Wistar strain rat jejunum, electron microscopic demonstration of acid phosphatase (ACP) activity was performed. By and large results obtained in the electron histochemical observation were in good agreement with those observed in the light histochemical study.
In the electron microscope the ACP activity was positive in the plasma membranes of microvilli, the terminal bars, membranes corresponding to the interdigitating plications and lysosomes (pinosomes)in absorptive cells. The secretory granules in Pane t h cells were also positive for ACP. The ACP activity was positive in the agranular membranes of the Golgi complex and membranes surrounding Golgi vesicles in goblet cells. Lysosomes were also demonstrated in blood cells of unknown type in the lamina propria.
The findings obtained in the present investigation indicate the close relationship of ACP to the membrane system of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), particularly to the smooth ER. It is tentatively assumed that lysosomes are a specially differentiated organelle originating from the smooth ER.View full abstractDownload PDF (5624K) -
Ryohei Honjin, Akira Takahashi, Akira Nakamura, Hikaru Taniguchi1962 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 387-409
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fine structure of the small myelinated nerve fiber was studied with the light and electron microscopes in thick and thin sections of the sciatic nerves of the mature frog, Rana nigromaculata nigroma, culata. The materials were fixed in 1% OsO4 and 0.6% KMnO4buffered with veronal-acetate (pH 7.42), embedded in methacrylate or Araldite, and cut with a glass knife. The thin sections prepared from embedding in Araldite were stained with either Pb(OH)2, or KMnO4. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. In the small myelinated fiber, the innermost myelin lamellar membrane is separated at its dense period line to form the inner myelin loop which is limited by the separated layers of myelin membrane and contains the Schwann cytoplasm in the interior.
2. The inner myelin loop appears as a small cylindrical tube situated on one side of the axon membrane between the axon and myelin, and running parallel to the fiber axis between the two ends of each myelin segment. At the end of the myelin segment the inner myelin loop is connected with the nodal myelin loop. In the small fiber, there is no Mauthner's sheath which is usually present in the large fiber.
3. At the node of Ranvier, the helical Sch wann cell forms a nodal myelin loop which contains the Sch w a n n cytoplasm in its interior and connects the inner myelin loop with the outer cytoplasmic part of the Sch w a n n cell containing the nucleus. After helically enveloping the axon, the nodal myelin loop closely ties up the axon in the juxta-terminal myelinated region of the node. The nodal myelin loop is shorter in the small fiber than in the large one.
4. The so-called Schmid t-L an t er man cleft is absent in the small fiber but is always present in the large fiber. In the cleft the myelin lamellar membrane is widely separated at the dense period line. The layer between the lamellar membrane contains the cytoplasm which connects Mauthner's sheath with the outer Schwann cytoplasm in a spiral pathway.
5. The axon of the small fiber less than 4μ in diameter is scarcely attenuated at nodes. The non-myelinated nodal axon of the myelinated fiber is shorter in the large fiber than in the small one.
6. The cytological meanings of the inner myelin loop, Mauthner's sheath, the nodal myelin loop and the Schmidt-Lanterman cleft are discussed with diagrams of the uncoiled Schwann cell. The nodal myelin loop and the cytoplasmic spiral layer in the cleft are the metabolic pathways which connect the inner myelin loop or Mauthner's sheath with the outer cytoplasm of the Sch wann cell containing the nucleus. The nodal myelin loop probably plays an important röle in the electro-saltatory conduction of nerve, impulse by close tightening of myelin as insulator around the axon near the node of R an vier.View full abstractDownload PDF (4047K) -
Nobuhiro Kato, Hiromu Outi1962 Volume 38 Issue 5 Pages 411-424
Published: 1962
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThirty-nine head-halves of the Japanese cadavers from our dissecting room were investigated. Results obtained are as follows: 1. The so-called supraorbital and frontal notches have a transverse ligament at their mouth. By this, one can distinguish whether the nerves and the vessels running together, pass inside or outside the notches, as in the case where the passage is a foramen.
2. The nerve takes always the inside course while in a c onsiderable number of the cases the vessels running together with the nerve pass outside the foramen or notch (Table 3).
3. Therefore, the so-called supraorbital and frontal foramina and notches are essentially the passages for the nerves. We could distinguish the following foramina and notches:
a) supraorbital notch (F1-2 19/38) and foramen (F1-2,3/39), common for the lateral and medial branches of the supraorbital nerve PNA
b) flateral supraorbital foramen (F1.12/39) and notch (I12,4/39), or the lateral branch (N2) of the supraorbital:
c) medial supraorbital notch (I1,13/39) and foramen (F2 4/39), for the medial branch (N2): and
d) supratrochlear foramen (F3.2.38) and notch (I2 1/38), for the supratrochlear nerve (N2).
4. In about one half of the cases there was found only one notch or foramen for the supraorbital nerve. In the cases of two notches and/or foramina, they did not always represent the respective passages for the lateral and the medial branches of the supraorbital; they were sometimes for the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves respectively. In one case three separate passages for the lateral and medial branches and the supratrochlear nerve were found. (Table 4).
5. The supraorbital artery and vein run generally together with the supraorbital nerve or its lateral branch, but sometimes it may run in company with the medial branch, in a rare instance even with the supratrochlear nerve.6. The position of these foramina and notches were examined (Fig.6). The common psasage for the supraorbital nerve (I1+2or F1+2) is apt to lie in the intermediate region between the separate passages for N1 and N2. The distribution diagram of I1+2 and F1+2 is suggestive of a bimodal distribution, the significance of which, however, is unknown.View full abstractDownload PDF (1823K)
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