Gross anatomical studies were done on the origin, insertion and nerve supply of the adductor group of the thigh. The material consisted of a total of 100 lower limbs from 50 bodies of Macacus cyclopsis.
1. M. pectineusThis short triangular muscle arises from the superior ramus of the pubis and occupies the posterior edge of the femoral triangle. There is no division or doubling of the belly of this muscle. The muscle gradually becomes a flat tendon which inserts into the linea aspera in the upper part of the shaft of the femur.
2.
M. gracilisThis muscle, which is the most superficial muscle on the medial side of thigh, arises by muscle from the lateral edge of the symphysis pubis. It gradually decreases in width and then spreads out in the fascia cruris between the tendons of insertion of the sartorius and the semimembranosus. The origin of this muscle is frequently fused with other adductor muscles. The formation of the pes anserius at insertion is not distinct.
3.
M. adductor longusThis muscle arises from the upper edge of the pubis and in general the anterior surface of the origin is tendinous while the dorsal surface is muscular. There is no division of this muscle by nerve or blood vessel. This muscle inserts entirely by tendon into the middle of the crest of the femur together with the anterior division of the adductor magnus. One portion forms a common tendon with the anterior division of the adductor magnus that form the tendinous adductor canal and inserts into the anteromedial surface of the vastus medialis.
4.
M. adductor brevisThis muscle arises mainly by muscle from the lower surfaces of the origins of the pectineus and the adductor longus and from the upper edge of the pubis. Division of the muscle is noted in all cases. Most often the origin is separated into two parts and the belly into two or three parts, but the insertion is not separated.
5.
M. adductor magnusThis muscle is separated into four generally independent muscles the partes anterior, longus, intermedius and cranialis. Of these, the partes longus and intermedius are not yet completely separated. The anterior division arises from the deep portion of the gracilis and the middle of the symphysis pubis, the pars longus from the lower edge of the sciatic tuberosity and from the superior ramus of the ischium, the pars intermedius from the superior ramus of the ischium above the origin of the pars longus while the pars cranialis arises from immediately above the pars intermedius by muscle respectively. This muscle inserts widely into the crest and the lower posterior surface of the femur.
6.
M. obturator externusThis muscle arises from the lateral edge of the obturator foramen and the obturator membrane. It is frequently separated into three parts due to penetration by nerve and blood vessels. This muscle gradually converges to its tendinous insertion into the trochanteric fossa. There always is mild adhesion to the insertion of the obturator internus and there frequently is adhesion with the origin of the adductor magnus and the insertions of the adductor brevis and the gemelli.
7.
Nerve SupplyOf the adductor group, only the pectineus is supplied by the ramus medialis of the pubo-ischio-femoral nerve. The remaining muscles are all supplied by the obturator nerve.
The obturator nerve is separated into three branches. Usually, the first branch innervates the adductor longus and the gracilis, the second branch the adductor brevis and the pars anterior of the adductor magnus while the third branch supplies the obturator externus and the partes cranialis, intermedius and longus of the adductor magnus.
There was no muscle which received dual nerve supply.
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