Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica
Online ISSN : 1881-1736
Print ISSN : 0030-154X
ISSN-L : 0030-154X
Volume 57, Issue 2-3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
  • YOSHIRO INOUE, YOSHIHIRO SUGIHARA, YOZO NISHIMURA, KAZUYO SHIMAI
    1980 Volume 57 Issue 2-3 Pages 79-87
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    n chicken optic nerve the intraorbital part was found to consist of bundles of myelinated nerve fibers, the myelin sheaths of which were formed by oligodendroglia. At the optic nerve head, only thick nerve fibers were myelinated. When the thick nerve fibers were followed into the optic nerve fiber layer of the retina, they were found to lose the typical myelin sheaths and become newly enclosed by atypical sheaths. The atypical sheaths were formed by Müller cells, and were found to consist of a single membranous structure which spirally wrapped up thick axons. This membranous structure was formed by fusion of the cytoplasmic faces of the plasma membrane of Müller cells as a result of loss of cytoplasm, like the formation of the periodic lines of typical myelin. However, the outer faces of the plasma membrane rarely fused with each other, so that intraperiodic lines were absent.
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  • Difference between the Two Cell Types
    BUNSUKE OSOGOE, TERUHIKO OKADA
    1980 Volume 57 Issue 2-3 Pages 89-96
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Previous studies have revealed that among lymphocytes, two different types can be distinguished based on their patterns of labeling with 3H-thymidine (3HdThd)and/or 3H-deoxycytidine (3HdCyd). Thymic lymphocytes and germinal-center cells are to a large extent capables of utilizing deoxycytidine (dCyd) for the formation of DNAthymine. However, in such cells as pyroninophilic blast cells (or immunoblasts) and plasma cells, the capacity for utilizing dCyd is very limited. In the latter cells, the labeling intensity with 3HdThd is far stronger than that with 3HdCyd, but this is not the case for the former cells.
    In the present study, investigations were made of the patterns of in vitro labeling with 3HdThd and/or 3HdCyd of bone marrow lymphocytes of the guinea-pig and hemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC) of the spleen of mice which had previously been stimulated with sheep red blood cells. The ability of these cells to utilize dCyd for the synthesis of DNA-thymine was also assessed. It was found that the bone marrow lymphocytes were as heavily labeled with 3HdThd as they were with 3HdCyd, but the antibodyproducing PFC showed far more intensive labeling with 3HdThd than with 3HdCyd. It was also found that the bone marrow lymphocytes had a strong capacity for utilizing dCyd in DNA-thmine formation, whereas such a capacity was very limited in the antibodyproducing PFC. These results indicate that, as regards patterns of labeling with radioactive deoxyribonucleosides, bone marrow lymphocytes are identical with thymic lymphocytes and germinal-center cells, but antibody-producing PFC are similar to pyroninophilic blast cells (or immunoblasts) and plasma cells. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the differentiation of lymphocytes and the pathways of DNA synthesis.
    It is concluded that, during the process of differentiation of bone marrow lymphocytes into antibody-producing cell, the pathway of dCyd utilization for DNA-thymine formation is partially or completely blocked.
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  • With Special Reference to the Medial Sural Cutaneous Nerve
    SEIJI NAGASHIMA
    1980 Volume 57 Issue 2-3 Pages 97-114
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The mode of nerve supply to the superficial flexor muscles (gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles) of the lower leg was studied in a large number of Formosan monkeys (Macaca cyclopis) by gross anatomical inspection.
    The superficial flexor muscles on the lower leg of primates have generally been reported to be innervated by direct branches from the tibial nerve. However, these muscles in the Formosan monkey were usually found to be supplied by branches from the medial sural cutaneous nerve. The medial sural cutaneous nerve of the Formosan monkey may thus, unlike that in man, be essentially called a musculocutaneous nerve. In addition, the condition of bifurcation of the muscular branches was used to classify the nerve supply of the triceps surae into 8 types, comprising 13 forms.
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  • HIROSHI MUTO, IKUO YOSHIOKA
    1980 Volume 57 Issue 2-3 Pages 115-127
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Fractured surfaces of the human femur, tibia, clavicula, radius, ulna, patella mastoid process of the temporal bone, sternum and squamous portion of the frontal bone were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained were as follows.
    Crystalloid substance was frequently observed in the compact bone tissue. In particular, it was abundant in the long bones of the limbs. The substance was also present in larger amounts in the bones of persons of advanced age than in middle-aged. persons. However, it was not seen in spongy bone tissue with red marrow. The crystalloid substance is considered to reflect senile degeneration in bone metabolism. On the other hand, with increasing age, the Haversian canals were gradually replaced by bone deposition and obstruction of blood vessels frequently occurred in the bones of persons of advanced aged. The osteocytes lodged in the lacunae of the circular lamellae surrounding the Haversian canals became obscure with increasing age.
    These morphological changes are together considered to represent senile degeneration, based on a degeneration of blood formation, as a result of decreased bone development. Athough the present experiments were short term, a relationship was demonstrated between deposition of crystalloid substance and blockage of blood vessels which may have some bearing on the problem of human senile bone metabolism.
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  • TAKUO SASAKI
    1980 Volume 57 Issue 2-3 Pages 129-143
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present paper describes the distribution, development and histochemical characteristics of the tissue mast cells in mouse tongue. The following results were obtained.1) In the tongue of newborn mice, only a small number of mast cells was apparent while in that of adult mice, a large number of mast cells could be found in loose connective tissue among the lingual muscle bundles.2) All tissue mast cells found in the tongue of newborn mice, exhibited immature cell types which did not stain by the cytochrome c-leucopatent blue method, or indicate metachromasia with azure stains.3) By electron microscopy, the immature mast cells were found to lack microvilli and contained a well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum and a small number of immature granules in which small progranules and vacuoles could be seen.
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  • TOSHIO ITO, YUTAKA TANUMA, SUSUMU SHIBASAKI
    1980 Volume 57 Issue 2-3 Pages 145-157
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this review, the junctions between Kupffer and sinusoidal endothelial cells previously revealed by the present authors under the transmission electron microscope in both normal human and bat livers has been discussed and compared with stereoimages of the connections between the two cell types reported by other authors in scanning electron microscopic studies. It is concluded that Kupffer cells lie on the gap or opening of the endothelial lining of the sinusoid, that part of the perisinusoidal surface of the cell body which is applied to the opening directly faces the perisinusoidal space, and that the margin of this part of the perisinusoidal surface of the Kupffer cell and the margin of the endothelial opening are circularly bound by means of a peculiar close junctional area identical in structure and appearance with the so-called “junctional complex” (Wisse) between endothelial cells. The two junctional areas between the Kupffer cell and the endothelial sheet which are found in a pair in transmission electron microscopic preparations on two diametrical parts of the perisinusoidal surface of the Kupffer cell, should be derived from the perpendicular section of such a circular margin of the endothelial opening attached to the Kupffer cell body. Thus, the integrity of the lining of the sinusoid is maintained and Kupffer cells are immovably fixed to the sinusoidal lining resisting the drag induced by the blood flow in the sinusoid.
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  • MASARU YAMAMOTO
    1980 Volume 57 Issue 2-3 Pages 159-165
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Mitochondria-rich varicosities of unmyelinated nerve fibers are found in the submucosa of the mouse small intestine, and are consieered sensory endings. They appear in the submucous plexus as well as in the myentric plexus. The endings also c ontain abundant elongated dumbbell-shaped vesicles (about 250Å×1500Å)but are devoid of small granular and agranular vesicles as seen in autonomic endings. The possibility that the dumbbellshaped vesicles might be derived from neurotubules is discussed.
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  • TAKASHI HANAI
    1980 Volume 57 Issue 2-3 Pages 167-187
    Published: 1980
    Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The arterial vasculature in the region of the floor of the mouth was studied in the guinea pig by means of the acryl plastic injection method.
    1. The arteries observed in the region were the sublingual artery of the facial, the alveolingual of the maxillary and the sublingual branches of the lingual.
    2. The branches of the sublingual were as follows: (1) the mylohyoid branches to the muscle, (2) the muscular branches to the digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles, (3) the submandibular lymph node branches to the nodes, skin and muscles in the submental and submandibular regions, (4) the mandibular transversal branches to the muscle, (5) the alveolar branches to the periodontal tissue of the incisors and adjacent bone, (6) the preincisive branch (the terminal) to the labial gingiva and mucosa of the incisors, the symphysis and the adjacent tissues, and (7) the retroincisive branch (the terminal) to the lingual and lateral gingivae of the incisors, the symphysis and the adjacent tissues.
    3. The alveolingual artery of the maxillary divided below the third molar into superior and inferior branches. They anastomosed with the sublingual branch of the lingual near the minor sublingual gland to form two arterial arches in the alveolingual area, supplying the lingual gingiva of the molar region, the mylohyoid muscle and the lingual nerve.
    4. The sublingual branches of the lingual supplied the sublingual papilla, the adjacent mucosa, the originating portion of the geniohyoid and genioglossal muscles and the minor sublingual gland.
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